• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.63-82
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• 2017

This study explores the barrier factors of Chinese private-owned enterprises in overseas expansion in terms of corruption, political risk, market fluctuation, cultural difference, and firms resource endowments. To explore the existing practical backgrounds, it was investigated to private-owned enterprises dealing with foreign export companies where run business in Hohhot, Baotou and Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China. The result shows that the corruption and political risks of host countries do not have significant influence on business performance in 'Go global' strategy, while the market fluctuation of host countries has a negative effect on business performance. Cultural difference has a negative effect on business performance, and enterprises' resource endowments have a positive effect on business performance in 'Go global' strategy. Additionally, interviewees provide several substantial suggestions regarding the government policy and industry ecosystem to surmount the barriers of POEs' going global. Lastly, the authors discuss managerial implications and provide several suggestions for the future studies.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.509-532
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• 2013

This paper analyzed the functional global entry process of firms by real business cases. We reviewed the global firm Zara and Uniqlo's functional global entry process by Malnight (1995) four-step model which is composed of appendage, participation, contribution, integration stages. We found that both Zara and Uniqlo made successful internationalization using integrated global value chain. However, Zara maintained the home-initiated internationalization strategy on whole value chain, Uniqlo operated subsidiary-initiated functional strategy in specific value chain activities. This study suggests that internationalization occurs at the level of the function, rather than the firm. In addition, this study suggests practical implication to Korean fashion firms that global firms should maintain the functional global entry strategy basing on firm's internationalization steps.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.173-199
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to test and analyze differences in consumers' satisfaction and influences of competitiveness of goods on consumers' purchase decision by demographic characteristics and by channel distribution. The hypotheses have been tested through T-test and ANOVA with one-way and two-way using SPSS Win Ver. 12.0. The distribution channels are classfied with five ones such as company direct operation shop, agent licensed shop, department store, internet home shopping and outlet goods shop. This study can indirectly suggest a local clothing brand industry countermeasures for raising competitiveness and changing consumer preferences in the open domestic market.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 1999

본 논문은 최근 우리 나라에서 그 이용이 확산되고 있는 기업간 전자상거래(Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce)에서 수입과 관련한 갈등을 파악하고자 하였다. 구체적으로는 첫째, 전자상거래 환경하에서 갈등의 원인은 무엇이며, 그 성격은 어떠한지를 검토하고 갈등이 겉으로 드러나지 않은 상태에서 어떠한 형태의 갈등원인이 기업(수입당사자)으로 하여금 해외공급선에 대한 불만을 갖도록 하는가를 밝힌다. 둘째, 전자상거래 환경하에서 기업(수입당사자)과 해외공급선간의 무역갈등에 대한 인식과 행동에 있어서 갈등의 위치는 어떠한지를 알아본다. 셋째, 이러한 무역갈등의 결과 내지 여파는 어떻게 나타나는지를 밝혀 전자상거래 환경하에서 무역갈등 모형을 수립하고, 이러한 갈등을 효율적으로 관리하여 기업간 전자상거래의 활성화를 도모하고자 한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.111-133
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• 2000

인터넷의 급속한 보급 및 확산은 국제무역에 있어 일대 혁신을 초래하고 있으며, 특히 해외시장조사, 해외홍보 및 마케팅, 거래선 발굴, 신용조사, 거래협상 등 계약 체결 이전까지의 거래경로에 있어 시간과 공간의 제약이 없이 저렴하고 신속하게 글로벌 비즈니스를 수행할 수 있게 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국 수출기업들이 어떠한 업무에 어느 정도나 인터넷을 활용하고 있는지, 실제로 어떠한 활용성과를 거두고 있는지 등을 설문조사에 의한 실증분석을 살펴 봄으로써 국내 수출기업들의 인터넷을 활용한 전자상거래, 즉 사이버무역 내지 전자무역의 활성화 및 국제경쟁력 제고 방안을 모색하고 있다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.407-428
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• 2012

Service trade is very important in Korea Economy. The world economy is changing with the FTA. Lots of FTAs are going on between countries and economic blocs in the world economy, as the battle field of FTA. Therefore, Service trade should be activated in FTA. The conclusion of this study are as follow. First of all, the government quickly create a service-related laws. and establish the principles and criteria for recognition systems. Also, Exports should change developed countries. and the government should establish a policy for attracting investment to expand overseas markets in FTA. The field of service trade is very important for the growth of the Korea Trade. If we neglect to increase the competitiveness of service trade, we can not expect the growth of the Korea trade. We should strive to strengthen the competitiveness of service trade.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.305-324
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• 2017

Industry-University cooperation for pioneering overseas market contributes to improve the quality of manpower and the export performance. However, performance is showing that without exporting experience, exploring overseas market is not promising. Without systematic training and preparation, pioneering overseas market can be a waste of time and budget. I have conducted interviews with 30 participants in Industry-University cooperation for pioneering overseas market. As a result, I have derived a model for each phase of Industry-University cooperation. 8 stages of this model are student selection, cooperation company networking, student education, overseas market research, selection of trade fair, preparation of trade fair, dispatch of trade fair and follow-up management. Opinions of experts have been reflected and compiled to each suggested stage. Specific details can be applied directly to those affiliated who want to start the first or foremost pioneering overseas markets.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-148
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• 2011

Korean small and medium sized firms are dramatically expanding during the past two decades. Since small and medium sized firms begun to invest overseas to cope with the external and internal business environment. the influencing factors should defined for the successful foreign investment. This paper presents the research model explaining successful knowledge transfer between Korean small and medium sized firms and partners for foreign investment. This model examines investing companies' organizational characteristics, partners' learning capability and relational characteristics between two partners. Detail variables include the learning culture and codifiability of investing companies, and absorptive capability of partners, and communication and trust as a relational factors between investing companies and partners. The result of empirical analysis of sample companies shows that knowledge culture and codifiability of investing companies, and communication from the relational factors are important for knowledge transfer. These results provide some implications for the successful foreign investment of small and medium sized firms. Firstly the investing company should develop its own learning culture and internal procedure for the successful foreign investment. And frequent communication channel is necessary for knowledge transfer and the trustful relationship between investors and partner.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2017

One of the biggest challenges in export activities of SME is the increasingly cultural diversity that requires especially export managers to adapt their doing business in many different kinds of cross-cultural situations effectively. A relative newly developed concept 'Cultural Intelligence' has been evaluated as a key element for the success in international business activities. This study aims to investigate empirically the role of Cultural Intelligence(CQ), one component of cultural competence, on export marketing adaptation. The statistical method used to test the hypotheses was Structural Equation Modeling using PLS. The results of this study are follows. The moderating role of Cultural Intelligence between information seeking and information using abilities is more stronger in marketing rather than relationship adaptation. Cultural Intelligence moderates between them. Critical factors affecting Cultural Intelligence are also discussed; foreign language fluency, business travels in abroad, characteristics of the business travels, multi-lingual ability, pre-education related cultural subjects, and visit experience in foreign countries. Especially, export managers' foreign language ability leads to much stronger influence on cultural intelligence. The result of the empirical study provides important implications for export SME and export supporting organizations. Export firms and supporting organizations must expand programs widely in multi cultural training and education to help managers gain a better understanding in a various export environment.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.151-167
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between globalization and income distribution in Korea. In order to identify the key determinants, the study investigates the effects of trade openness, inward and outward FDI flows, and per capita GDP on income distribution. The study uses methodology of unit root and co-integration technique as well as an error correction model over 1992 to 2011 by using annual data. The empirical findings showed that income inequality is reduced as trade openness and the per capita GDP increase. Meanwhile, income inequality is deteriorated as inward and outward FDI flows increased. In addition, the study revealed that the negative effect of inward FDI flows on income inequality is greater than that of outward FDI flows. This result supports the Feenstra and Hanson (1997) hypothesis. Overall the globalization process can be beneficial for the Korean economy, but its nature should be closely monitored regarding income distribution.