• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 1996

We selected the adequate cell line to be used for propagation and plaquing of R. tsutsugamushi in laboratory and identified R. tsutsugamushi serotype cultured in LuMA cells by nested PCR. As in this study, we concluded that. 1. LuMA cell was suitable for the study of the biology of rickettsiae-host cell interaction. 2. The plaque-forming unit (PFU) per ml of R. tsutsugamushi Karp strain propagated in embryonated egg yolk sacs was $10^{8.8}$ and the PFU/ml of Gilliam strain was $10^{7.1}$. 3. The rate and extent of cytopathic changes depended on the PFU titer of R. tsutsugamushi. 4. PCR with nested primer pairs was useful for identification of R. tsutsugamushi serotype cultured in human embryonic lung cells.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 1996

한탄바이러스의 내피 단백질 (N)은 이 바이러스에 대한 중요한 항원으로 작용하지만 신증후출혈열 예방과 관련된 작용은 명확히 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 이러한 내피 단백질이 한탄바이러스에 대한 중화 항체를 유도할 수 있는가 하는 관점에서 수행되었다. 한탄바이러스의 내피 단백질을 대장균에서 용해된 형태로 발현하고 이를 단클론 항체를 이용한 면역친화 컬럼으로 분리 정제하였다. 정제된 내피 단백질을 기니픽에 면역하여 항혈청을 얻고 이것의 한탄바이러스에 대한 중화능력을 중화항체 플락 감소법 (plaque reduction neutralization test)을 이용하여 조사한 결과 최고 1:160의 중화능이 있음을 관찰하였다. 이는 한탄바이러스의 내피 단백질이 중화 항체를 유도할 수 있는 epitopes을 가지고 있음을 의리하며 이러한 생각은 본 연구에서 수행한 면역침강법과 N 단백질에 대한 단클론항체를 이용한 면역친화법을 통한 한탄바이러스의 정제 실험 결과에서도 뒷받침되고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.829-836
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• 1998

Immunogenicity of Escherichia coli pilus and LT were evaluated in 20-week-old hens. The antigens were consisted of K88, K99, 987p pilus and heat labile toxin purified from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The durations of antibody titers in sera and egg yolk were investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). After first inoculation, antibody titers in sera reached at peak 2 weeks postinoculation. However, peak antibody titers in egg yolk were detected 4 weeks postinoculation, indicating that transfer of immunoglobulin from serum to egg yolk took about two weeks period. Although there were slight reduction in titers, the specific antibodies in egg yolk lasted up to 3 months. Immune responses against monovalent and combined antigens were showed as almost same patterns. The transfer rate of antibodies from serum to egg yolk didn't show any significant differences among three pilus antigens in this study. Considering the concentrations of antigens in each inoculated group, multivalent antigens containing heat labile toxin of E coli were found to be more immunogenic than monovalent antigen in producing specific antibodies. From this experiment, it was demonstrated that multivalent antigens containing three pilus and heat labile toxin could be a promising candidate for the production of egg yolk antibodies for prophylactic use in preventing swine colibacillosis in future.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2003

The objective of the present study was to investigate the use of fluid released from muscle samples as an alternative to serum for ELISA to detect classical swine fever(CSF) virus antibodies in slaughter pigs. The optimal correspondence between serum 1:20 OD values and muscle fluid OD values was achieved at a muscle fluid dilution of 1:2. Significant correlation was found between serum and neck muscle ELISA ($r_s=0.880$, p<0.0001, ${\kappa}=0.82$; specificity of 97.0% and sensitivity 90.6%). The semimembranous muscle showed similar correlation in CSF ELISA($r_s=0.877$, p<0.0001, ${\kappa}=0.75$; specificity of 94.1% and sensitivity 89.1%). High correlation was obtained between serum and mesenteric lymph node in the CSF ELISA ($r_s=0.937$, p<0.0001, ${\kappa}=0.87$; specificity of 97.1% and sensitivity 93.0%). Measmement agreement between serum ELISA and muscle fluid ELISA was calculated and expressed as limits of agreement. The correspondence of ELISA of serum and muscle fluid indicated limits of agreement. Above 95% of all muscle fluid values were distributed within this limits of agreement. Among the samples used for ELISA for detecting CSFV antibodies, mesenteric lymph node had the most correlation and agreement with serum ELISA. F-test for comparison of variances showed no significant difference between the serum and muscle fluid. In conclusion, muscle fluid is a useful postmortem alternative to serum to detect CSFV antibodies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.453-455
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• 2013

Heartworm infection is a fatal disease causing heart failure and pulmonary diseases in dogs. This heartworm infection can also occur in wild carnivores including Raccoon dogs. Recent study found that relatively high prevalence rate in wild Raccoon dog population. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence rate of D. immitis in free-roaming Raccoon dogs and the recovery rate of microfilariae in infected Raccoon dogs in Korea. Overall prevalence rate of D. immitis in Korean Raccoon dogs was 17.8%. Prevalence rate in male Raccoon dogs was 21.8%, while that in female Raccoon dogs was 12.8%. Microfilariae were not detected in 17 Raccoon dogs having positive in heartworm antigen test. Our study result suggested that the prevalence rate of D. immitis in Korea is twice higher than that of Japan. In addition, microfilaremia is rare in Raccoon dogs as commonly noticed in cats.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.195-199
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• 1983

A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to bovine leukemia virus(BLV) is described and compared its sensitivity with that of the agar gel immunodiffusion test (ID) with BLV glycoprotein (gp) antigen using 263 sera collected in Korea and Japan. There was 98.5 per cent agreement between ELISA and ID when ELISA value, the value of tested serum(T) was devided with that of standard negative seurm(N) after the value of control was eliminated from T and N (T-C/N-C), of 1.5 or greater was considered positive. One hundred and forty four (99.6%) of 145 sera which were positive by ID were greater than 1.5 by ELISA, and 115 (97.5%) of 118 sera which were negative by ID were less than 1.5 by ELISA. As a result, it suggest that the ELISA test using BLV-gp antigen provides a useful serological tool for the diagnosis of BLV infection.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.638-642
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• 2012

Human pathogenic viruses such as hepatitis A and E virus (HAV and HEV), which lead to acute liver failure and death, are foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption of virus-contaminated meats, filter-feeding bivalves, fruits, and salads. Two of the three swine farms examined in this study had HAV and HEV positive stool samples in a nested RT-PCR assay. The use of the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) facilitated the separation of HAV through interactions between the ligand on the virion surface and the antibody from the swine feces containing both HAV and HEV. The nested RT-PCR analysis was performed for the detection of HAV obtained from hepatocarcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) contaminated with eluent fraction of IMS. This indicated that IMS has the potential to simultaneously isolate and concentrate target viruses by changing antibodies linked on the magnetic beads.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2007

Background: Mycobacterial antigens released as PIM, LM, LAM, lipoproteins and other cellular factors may contribute to macrophage and dendritic cell activation through pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs. In this study, we assessed cytokine production and ERK activation with stimulation of several major mycobacterial antigens. Methods: Purified mycobacterial antigens (10, 22, 30, 38kDa) and recombinant antigens (6, 16, 19, 38kDa, Ag85A antigen) were studied. The production of cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6) was measured by ELISA. The ERK activation was detected by western blotting. The expression of TLR2 or TLR4 was measured by flow cytometry. Results: Among purified antigens only 30kDa antigen induced production of IL-6 or TNF-${\alpha}$ in THP-1 macrophage cells. When THP-1 macrophage cells were treated with 30kDa antigen, phosphorylation of ERK was detected. ERK activation also occurred in TLR2 transfectant HEK293 cells with 30kDa antigen stimulation. Conclusion: 30kDa antigen is one of the major mycobacterial antigens inducing cytokine production and MAP kinases phosphorylation in macrophages.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.251-264
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• 1999

본 연구는 조기발병형 치주염의 서로 다른 4가지 표현형에 있어서 Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) 381과 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) Y4에 대한 상승된 IgG subclass의 양상을 평가하기 위해 시행하였다. Subform I(distinctive localized juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 3명 subform II(post juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 19명, subform III (localized but rapidly progressing pattern)에서 15명, subform IV(distinctive rapidly progressing periodontitis pattern)에서 15명의 환자를 조사하여 Pg에 대한 그들의 total IgG level과 각각의 IgG subclass level 및 Aa에 대한 IgG level을 검사했다. Pg에 대한 total IgG level은 subform II와 IV보다 subform I과 III에서 훨씬 높게 나타났다. IgG3 level이 subform I과 IV사이에서 현저한 차이가 있다는 점을 제외하고는, 다른 IgG subclass level에서 subform 사이에 아무런 차이가 없었다. Pg에 대한 IgG subclass는 single class 혹은 다양한 group에서 상승되어 나타났으며, IgG1+2+4가 가장 흔하게 발견되었고, 다음으로 IgG4 단독, IgG2 단독, IgG2+4, IgG2+3+4의 순으로 발견되었다. IgG2와 IgG4가 빈번히 상승되어 발견되었는데, 특히 severe form(subform III & IV)에서 그러했다. 뿐만 아니라, IgG level은 subform II, III, IV와 일치하여 점차적으로 증가하였고, 반면에 IgG1/IgG4 ratio는 그와 일치하여 감소되었다. 이러한 ratio의 감소는 단백질성의 오래된 항원의 과부하로 인해 immunoglobulin gene의 전환을 가능하게 한다는 것을 나타내고 있다. Aa에 대한 IgG2 level은 다른 유형보다 subform I에서 상당히 높았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 levels이 subform I의 국소 부위에서 발생하는 disease activity와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, Aa의 경우에는 이러한 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 level은 18-25세에서 훨씬 높은 동시에 26-35세에서는 감소했으며 결국 30대 후반에서는 더 높은 수치로 되돌아갔다. 이러한 결과는 Pg에 대한 IgG2 및 IgG responsiveness (single 혹은 combined)가 EOP의 severe form의 발달에 중요하게 작용하며 IgG2 levels은 IgG1/IgG4 ratio와 더불어 EOP의 localized type이 generalized type으로 계속 진행하는 것을 조절하는 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다는 것을 강하게 시사하였다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1987

Effects of sperm and seminal plasma isoant ibodies upon the rate of superovulation and ferlil ization were slud ied in both normal and immunized rabbits. The results obstained were summarized as follows: 1. On examin.ltion of the superovulation in the immunized animals, the average number of ovulation points was 22.1 and 25.3 for spermtreated animals and for seminal plasma-treated animals, respec tively. As compared to the con¬trol group of 41.0 in number, the immunized showed statisfical significance in ovulation (P<0.05). 2. In ovary weight and follicle's size there were no significant differences among the three groups, whereas sperm-and seminal plasma¬treated groups had an average rate of fertiliza¬tion of 62.X% and 5X .0%, respectively, in re¬markable contrast to the control hTfOUP of 91.4'1'0 (P<0.05). 3. When the animals were inseminated with a mixture of semen plus sperm or seminal plasma antisera, a sharp reduction of fertilization was observed with 5.6% and 16.0% as compared to the control group (P<0.05). Consequently, immunization with either sperm or seminal plasma had a substantial effect on fertilization.