• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.99-107
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• 1989

The study was conducted to obtain some basic information to establish the system of performance-tests and selection of honeybee queens(Apis mellifera) under Korean circumstances, Colony performances were tested with thirty colonies of Apis mellifera at two apiaries in Taegu, Korea from September, 1988 to August 1989. The results of performance-testing on the colonies are summarized as follows : The colony weight measured before wintering was averaged $23.6{\pm}1.90kg$ and the colony weight was decreased by $2.9{\pm}0.82kg$ in average during winter season. Thirteen colonies were entered in two story hive from thirty single box colonies from April 17 to May 5, 1989 with increase of bee population and, consequently, the ability of enter-supers of the colonies apperared to be low. The ability of collecting pollen was measured to be $14.8{\pm}2.15gr$ per colony during 24 hours in April, and the number of swarm cells was counted $12.5{\pm}3.43$ cells per colony in aveage. Tendency to use propolis appeared to be moderate, and the number of returning foragers for a minute per colony was counted $108.7{\pm}18.31$ bees in average. Brood area was measured $2,464{\pm}628,67cm^2$ per colony in the post nectar flow season of acasia, and 30.8 percent of the colonies appeared to be infected with chalkbrood disease, The amount of honey production was $14.9{\pm}8.49kg$ per colony, which was harvested two times during the main nectar flow season of acasia.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2012

Clubroot of Chinese cabbage by Plasmodiophora brassicae, was found to be high virulent to the Chinese cabbage, turnips and cabbage. It this study, the endophytic bacteria Flavobacterium hercynium EPB-C313, which was isolated from tissues of Chinese cabbage, was investigated the antimicrobial activity on the inactivation of resting spores and its control effect on clubroot disease by bioassay. The bacterial cells, culture solutions, and culture filtrates of F. hercynium EPB-C313 inactivate the resting spores of P. brassicae with 90.4, 36.8, and 26.0%, respectively. The clubroot was inhibited with 100% by dipping the seedlings of Chinese cabbage in culture solutions of F. hercynium EPB-C313 before planting, however the chemmical 'fluazinam' was 91.7% in pot tests. Complex treatment were highly enhanced control efficacy with 63.7% at field of 50% diseased plants by soil incorporation with the pellet contains organic matter and F. hercynium EPB-C313, seedling drench of culture solution of F. hercynium EPB-C313 and soil drench with 10 days after planting. These results imply that the F. hercynium EPB-C313 is a very useful biological control agent of clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2003

The puree of Rubus coreanus was fermented using lactic acid bacteria and its biological activities were examined. Lactobacillus acidophilus KCCM 32820, L. casei KCCM 12452, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KCCM 40104, and Streptococcus thermophilus KCCM 40430 were used as a single or mixed starter for the lactic acid fermentation, and their cultures at the late logarithmic growth phase were inoculated to final concentration of 2% (v/v). L. casei fermented the puree of Rubus coreanus best when used as a single starter, and the culture of L. casei and L. lactis with the inoculation ratio of one to one showed the highest fermentation activity when used as a mixed starter. However, the fermented broth of the puree of Rubus coreanus using L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus showed the best results in the sensory evaluation. The optimal lactic acid fermentation conditions were as follows; the concentration of oligosaccharide added was 1% (w/v), pH of puree and fermentation temperature were 4.0 and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively, and fermentation time was $72{\sim}96$ hours. Glucose and fructose were major free sugars, and the content of lactic acid was 698.2 mg/100 g in the fermented broth. The fermented broth of the puree of Rubus coreanus showed the electron donating ability and nitrite scavenging ability with the value of 69% and 38.3% at pH 1.2, respectively. SOD-like activity and inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase were also found in the fermented broth with the value of 60.3% and 41.8%, respectively. When the antimicrobial activities of the fermented broth were examined, it showed the highest growth inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O-157:H7, and also contained antimicrobial activities against Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2018

In this study, the functional cosmetic activity of water and ethanol extracts from Saururus chinensis by elicitor treatment are examined. Anti-oxidative activity 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and antioxidant protection factor of elicitor treated S. chinensis extract increased in concentration dependent manner as concentration increased from 1.5 mg elicitor/leaf 1 g (group A) to 3.0 mg elicitor/leaf 1 g (group B). Also, 70% ethanol extract showed higher anti-oxidative activity than water extract. Elicitor treated S. chinensis extract showed similar inhibitory effect on elastase activity and whitening effect indicating low effect of elicitor on elastase inhibition and whitening effect. However, it showed high anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity compared to control group. Both group A and B showed high anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity then control group indicating that elicitor treatment is suitable for biomass method used for industrializing useful compounds. Therefore, elicitor treatment during S. chinensis cultivation will increase bioactivity in the plant source which will yield high quality for industrialization.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.23
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

To investigate bioactive materials for development of natural conservative agent on organic cultural heritage, methanol extracts from 11 wood species which populate in Korea were screened for antifungal and insecticidal activity against 9 wood contaminant fungi and adult of Lasioderma serricorne. Antifungal activity of extracts was tested by using paper disc soaking method and feeder strip test against wood-rot fungi and wood surface contaminant fungi. Among these extracts, the most significant antimicrobial activity was observed from the extract of Phellodendron amurense at 5 mg/disc against Coniophora puteana, Lentinus lepideus, Tyromyces palustris and Aspergillus niger. The insecticidal activity of extracts was examined by topical application against L. serricorne adults. The extracts from Taxus cuspidata and Abies holophylla gave 56.7 % mortality at 25 ${\mu}g$/adult for 24 hr. From these result, the methanol extract from T. cuspidata, A. holophylla and P. amurense described could be useful for conservation of organic cultural heritage against biological deterioration by insect and wood contaminant fungi.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2016

The cause of death was investigated with several dead cabbage moth larvae in breeding box. Bacterial strains were isolated and selected from the dead larvae by bioassay. One of them was identified as Serratia marcescens used by morphological characteristics and gene sequencing. S. marcescens were cultured by Luria Bertani (LB) media broth for bioassay. When 100-fold dilution of culture broth to third larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, it was showed a 100% mortality at 2 days after treatment, and only 10-fold dilution of supernatant liquid was showed 86.6% mortality. When the culture broth of S. marcescens was applied to the larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, contact and feeding toxicity were 20 and 8% of mortality, respectively. Otherwise, when the culture broth of S. marcescens was applied to 5 major plant pathogens, antibacterial activities against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinias clerotiorum were 4.7, 11.3, 20, 15.7 and 42.6%, respectively. Also, degradation ability of S. marcescens against protein and chitin were examined.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.663-666
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• 2015

In this research, botanical extracts containing green tea, Saururus chinensis and Prunus padus were tested to see possibility as shampoo. Leaves of Green tea and Saururus chinensis were extracted with hot water. Prunus padus bark extract was applied reverse osmosis and ultrasonic extraction. When interfacial tension was measured among shampoo including botanical extracts, Sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS) and Quillaja Bark Saponin(QBS), that of shampoo was lower than that of SDS and QBS at lower concentration, however, it showed similar interfacial tension at 100% concentration. Shampoo showed moderate antimicrobial activity in Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Botanical extract did not indicate cell toxicity up to $350{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in MTT assay. Shampoo containing botanical extract was stable for 3 months, however, it showed considerable variation in pH and viscosity. In conclusion, shampoo containing botanical extract shows strong possibility for natural shampoo if the formulation is modified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 2008

In this experiment, citrus juice was fermented by Gluconacetobacter hansenii TF-2, an isolate from tea fungus to develop a new type of acidic beverage. The juice broth is made by fermenting of $11{\sim}17%$ (v/v) juice and sweetened with sucrose (initial sucrose $10^{\circ}Brix$). The fermentation by G. hansenii TF-2 was initiated by adding 5% (w/v) of seed gel (pellicle, tea fungus) which was previously cultured in the same medium (fresh juice broth) and the fermentation was carried out in a dark incubator at $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ for about 15 days. During the fermentation a pellicle grew on the surface of the fermenting fluid and acids were produced. Fermented fluid (beverage) was centrifuged at 7,000 rpm for 15 min for further analyses. The highest amount of the other metabolites including organic acids were observed in 5 to 10 days. Major acids were acetic acid (fermented citrus beverage, CB). After 15 days of fermentation, organic acid content such as acetic acid in fermented beverage was measured to be $183.5{\sim}186.6\;ppm$. Free sugars content in CB were 56.8%, 35.1%, 40.7% and 63.2% of unfermented sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol, respectively. When the growth rate of inhibitory effect of the fermented beverage was measured by using several species of food-related bacteria, the beverage fermented with CB exhibited the strongest inhibition against gram-negative (E. coli and Sal. Typhimurium). Its inhibition rate was between $71.9{\sim}94.0%$ at CB. Fermented beverage has shown effectiveness for antimicrobial activity against some species of food-related bacteria.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Elsinoe fawcettii causing citrus scab was suppressed by rhizobacterial strains such as Burkholderia gladioli MRL408-3, TRH423-3 and Pseudomonas fluorescens THJ609-3, TRH415-2 having antifungal activity. The leaf surface of Satsuma mandarin, which was pre-treated with the rhizobacterial strains, was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after inoculation with E. fawcettii. The number of lesions was reduced on the leaves pre-treated with the rhizobacterial strains compared to those of untreated leaves. Especially, the lesions numbers was apparently reduced on the leaves pre-treated with B. gladioli MRL408-3. The observation by SEM revealed that not only the germination rate but also the length of germ tube of the pathogen were decreased on the rhizobacterial strains pre-treated leaves. These inhibition of the fungal growth was more strongly expressed on the leaves pre-treated with commercial fungicide imibenconazole, by which the lesions was rarely found on the leaves. Based on these results, it was suggested that rhizobacterial strains may inhibit the germination and growth of the E. fawcettii on the surface of citrus leaves, resulting in decrease of disease severity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD, which is commonly called as Bisroot strain, is being used for functional foods through the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in both humans and animals. The cells of B. polyfermenticus SCD were treated for 24 h in artifical bile after incubation for 2 h in artificial gastric juice and final number of the strain was reached to around $3.3{times}10^7\;CFU/mL$. In test of API ZYM kit, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ or ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was not produced by B. polyfermenticus SCD. B. polyfermenticus SCD was resistant to antibiotics, such as nisin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and rifamycin. B. polyfermenticus SCD was also affected by alcohol concentration up to 4%, but more than 8%, their growth was not affected significantly. Finally, B. polyfermenticus SCD was shown to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 completely within 24 h of incubation, which indicated its bactericidal nature.