• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2009

On August 25th, Korea launched KSLV-1(Naro), the first Korean launch vehicle with the payload of a small satellite. The launch itself was successful in that the first and second stage of the launch vehicle functioned properly but unfortunately the satellite was unable to be put into earth orbit due to the failure of a nose faring detachment. As the history of human space activities shows, it is recognized as a difficult task to be a launching state requiring efforts to obtain enough technical ability. But along with the technical ability, there has to be an understanding on international legal systems on space launch vehicle. It is because the launch may cause cross-border losses and because the launcher is regarded as a strategic technology resulting in international control. This paper aims to study the international status of launching state and to consider legal regimes necessary for launcher development.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.741-757
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• 2016

Over 60 years has passed since mankinds started space exploration beyond the Earth with lunar explorer Luna 1 launched by Soviet Union. Unprecedently remarkable outcomes have been obtained by sending unmanned spacecrafts to most planets in the solar system and having the lander landed on the approaching comet toward the Earth even though any evidence of life presence has not been discovered yet. Only moon is an natural object beyond the earth on which human beings landed. Many countries are planning to send humans to the moon or mars to build colonies and to survive with substantiality. Korean lunar exploration program has officially started as of 2016 after its plan including lunar exploration has been specified in the series of National Space Promotion Plan since Korea initiated space development in early 1990s. In this paper, the plan for Korean space exploration is summarized with reviewing overseas space exploration program status and trends.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.5
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• pp.171-205
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• 1993

On the contrary to the general principle of private law, carriers' liability for passengers and cargo owners have been quantatively limited in some cases. The author traces the rule of liability limitation in the law of Korea and United States to verify two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the rule of liability limitation has been introduced to motivate investment when new technology with high risk has been adopted in business. The second hypothesis is that the rule of liability limitation can be maintained only when damages have been fully compensated. The former is a necessary condition for liability limation, and the latter sufficient condition. There are strong evidences for the first hypothesis. Navigation or aviation, artificial satellite lauching, urban transportation system are good examples. The second hypothesis is supported by the fact that there have been continuous controversies on the Warsaw System, including the failure of ratification of Montreal Additional Protocols No.3 & 4 by the U.S. Senate and voluntary removal of liability limitation by the Japanese airline companies. Loss of cargo can be compensated fully, but damages from personal injury and death not. The value of human body and life is not easy to be estimated. Passengers, moreover, do not usually buy insurance for accidents in travel. Passengers do not accept insurance premium as the cost of being whole and alive. They do not accept accident rates realistically. They have no bargaining power in dealing with insurers. The rule of liability limitation in personal losses would not be supported in future because damages have not fully compensated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.233-242
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• 2020

The history of mankind's lunar exploration began in 1958 with the United States of America "Pioneer 0" mission. In 1950s~1970s, the United States of America and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics carried out missions and experienced numerous failures to explore the moon. Since the 1990s, Japan, Europe, China and other Advanced country in Space technology have started to explore the moon and in 2016, Korea began to develop the lunar orbiter for lunar exploration. This paper analyzed the failure cases and causes of the lunar exploration in the USA and the USSR in the 1950s~1970s according to the mission purpose. Examples of mission delays, cancel, and failures that occurred during lunar exploration in post-1990s were presented. Through the investigation and analysis, this paper is intended to serve as a reference of the lunar exploration mission that Korea is working on or will be performing in the future.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2011

The current space activities are soaring ever since the first human flight to outer space 50 years ago and the first satellite launch 54 years ago. 74 space launch vehicles were launched in 2010, up from average 66 yearly in 2000s, and 900 operational satellites are currently in orbit around Earth. Space has become a worthwhile investment for governments as space assets become vital to national social, economic, and technological development as well as contributing their national defense and security program. The world governments' investments on space programs have reached a historical peak of $71.5 billion in 2010. However, the growth of government funding for space has slowed down posting only a 2% growth rate since 2009 while 9 % compound annual growth rate experienced by world's space expenditures between 2004 and 2009. Korea invested $158 million in 2011, experienced strong decrease with a 16% compound annual growth rate since 2008. In this paper the current statuses of world governments' funding for space program and space market were presented and the current issues on the Korean space budget policy were reviewed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.601-601
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• 2016

글로벌 위성 기반의 강수량 관측에 대한 역사는 1979년에 Arkin의 의해 제안된 IR방법에 의해 위성으로 부터 강우자료를 유도하는 개념이 도입된 이후 1987년 해양에서의 비교적 정확한 강수량 추정이 가능한 다중 채널의 마이크로파(MW) 복사계를 이용한 방법으로 위성강수 추정에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. 이 후 두 IR과 MW를 혼합한 방법에서, 또다시 1997년 TRMM위성의 PR(Precpipitation Radar)의 레이더를 이용하는 방법, 그리고 2014년 GPM 핵심 위성(GPM Core Observatory)에 탑재된 Dual PR에 의한 방법으로 위성강수의 정확도를 매우 높여가고 있다. 전지구강수관측위성(GPM, Global Precipitation Measurement Mission) 사업은 미국우주항공국(NASA)과 일본우주항공국(JAXA)의 주도로 전 지구 규모의 강수관측을 목적으로 시작되었으며, 추가 파트너로 프랑스의 CNES(French Centre National d'?tudes Spatiales), 인도의 ISRO(Indian Space Research Organisation), 미국 NOAA, 그리고 유럽연합의 EUMETSAT(European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites)가 참여하고 있다. 본 연구는 2014년 4월 발사된 GPM핵심 위성의 발사에 따라 제공되는 GPM 위성강우 자료의 정확도 평가를 목적으로 하고 있다. GPM 데이터는 Level-1에서 Level-3까지 다양한 데이터를 제공하고 있으며 본 연구에서는 Level-3의 IMERG 데이터를 이용하여 위성강우의 정확도를 평가하였다. IMERG 위성강우자료는 GPM 위성군의 모든 수동 MW 데이터를 조합하여 강우량을 추정하는 데이터이다. 자료의 시간적 범위는 2015년 8월 18일~8월 20일이고 공간적 범위는 한반도 영역으로 하였으며, 자료의 정확도 평가를 위한 지상계측자료는 기상청 ASOS(Automated Synoptic Observing System)의 강수량 자료를 이용하였다. 자료분석 결과 GPM에서 제공되는 IMERG 데이터의 공간적 분포는 그림 1과 같이 전라도 지역에 많은 강수가 분포하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이 기간 동안의 기상청 ASOS 관측 강수량 기록은 전국적으로 1순위가 고창군 25.5mm, 2순위가 부안군 21.9mm, 3순위가 정읍 및 영광군이 19.0mm로 위성으로부터 관측된 값과 지상계측값의 공간적 분포가 매우 유사한 경향을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 위성강우 및 지상계측강우의 시계열적 정확도와 총강우량 등의 정확도 평가를 수행할 계획이다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.5_2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

The drone is an unmanned aircraft that can be steered and controlled using radio waves on the ground, and the pilot moves unmanned without boarding. The history of the unmanned airplane began with military use, and the first unmanned aerial flight was the first successful flight of the 'Sperry Aerial Torpedo' drones built in the United States in 1917 with a bomb. With the development of unmanned aerial technology, the use of military drones has expanded to a wider field. Recently, the use of drones has been utilized in various fields such as agriculture, industry, logistics, broadcasting, and safety, and the scale of the market is also expanding. Although the drones are becoming indispensable to penetrate our lives, they can be used for bad purposes depending on the intended use of the user, but the risk factors are overlooked. Therefore, technical defects related to drones and accidents caused by operator's mistakes can not be completely prevented. However, privacy infringement, security leakage, and terrorism, which may be caused by illegal use of drones, It will not be inhibited and will accelerate.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.323-341
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• 2021

Various research are being published in the areas of humanities, history, aviation/ports, and regional development, centering on the Incheon area which has issues such as large-scale ports and airports, archipelago, and urban regeneration. This study explored the scope of the subject and the distribution of researchers using a informetric analysis focusing on the studies of Incheon. Specifically, this study extracted authors from about 500 Incheon-related research papers listed in the Korean journal's citation index and analyzed the co-author relationship network to understand the cooperative behavior between authors' institutions. In addition, by extracting keywords from the articles and performing a weighted network (PFNET) analysis on the relationship between keywords, the intellectual structure was analyzed. As a result, it was found that Inha University and Incheon National University showed a high TBC, and Incheon Development Institute showed the high NNC. Meanwhile, the intellectual structure of Incheon-related research was found to be composed of 11 thematic clusters, and the social issues of Incheon, ports, and aviation were analyzed as representative clusters.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.281-302
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to offer a history of golden ratio, the criterion raised by Markowsky, and misconceptions about golden ratio. Markowsky(1992) insists that the golden ratio does not appear in the great pyramid of Khufu. On the contrary, we claim that there exists the golden ration on it. Elementary and middle school text books, and domestic history books deal with the great pyramid of Khuff and the Parthenon by examples of the golden ratio. Text books make many incorrect statements about golden ratio; so in teaching and learning the golden ratio, we recommend the design-composition of dynamic symmetry, for example, industrial design, aerodynamic, architecture design, and screen design. Finally we discuss the axial age how to affect the school mathematics with respect to the subject of Thales and the golden ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2009

In this paper, Position Controller for balance of Seesaw System design using PID Algorithm. Seesaw System is that it's system use widely to analyze of ship or flight dynamics, Inverted Pendulumand, Robot System, manage system for theory of modern control system and all sorts of analysis. In case of Seesaw System, it's necessity that understand and analysis of system and correct selection of parameter because the system is strong nonlinear control system. It guarantees efficiency and stability to adapt quickly for disturbance or change of controller from PID Algorithm of guarantee safe from simple and long history and PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) that sort of metaheuristic optimization that need to accuracy and fast PID parameter tuning.