• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2007

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was formulated similarly to plywood resin in the laboratory. The synthesized UF resin adhesive was mixed with extender, filler and acid catalyst. The mixture contained 56.1% total solids and 43.9% water. The mixes was used to bond five Com-Ply types using Korean wood species. The Com-Ply made were tested for shear strength and wood failure according to KS F 3101 ordinary plywood as well as for bending strength per KS F 3104 particleboard. The performance test results showed good strength properties for all Com-Ply types made in this study. This result represented that the UF resin adhesive mix was adequate for bonding Com-Ply with domestic wood species.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2012

Most of the libraries and archives that lacks conservation lab facilities, frequently apply common synthetic resin adhesives such as PVAc group(Pa), acrylic group(Ac) and PVP group(Pv) on simple repairs. The archival quality synthetic adhesive(Pa-1) that is used at the National Library of Korea and the common synthetic resin adhesives were selected for the experiments. Accelerated aging test was applied on the adhesive samples and change of the pH and chromaticity were measured for one month. As the result of the pH mesurments, Pa-1 and Ac-2 were at the acceptable pH range. As the result of the chromaticity mesurments, degree of yellowing(${\Delta}b^*$) showed smaller change to greater change in the following order; Pa-1

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

A melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, based on 5 percent melamine addition of the resin solids weight, was synthesized in the laboratory for particleboard (PB) manufacture. Laboratory PBs were made with the MUF resin at three press times (3, 4, 5 min) and two resin application rates (6, 8 percent). Enclosed caul system was used for collecting the exhaust gases materials generated during the hot-pressing of PBs. Exhaust gases materials generated inside the enclosed caul during the hot-pressing of PBs were collected in a controlled air stream. Formaldehyde from the exhaust gases collected was determined per a chromotropic method of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Method 3500. The measurement results showed that formaldehyde emissions during the hot-pressing of PB significantly increased with increasing press time, and MUF resin application rates. PB' performance test results showed that internal bond (IB) of PB made with 3-minute press time exceeded the minimum requirement for KS F 3104 PB type 8.0.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.27-29
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• 2003

해양생명체인 홍합(mussel)은 접착단백질(adhesive protein)을 생산, 분비함으로써 홍합 자신을 바다 속의 바위와 같은 젖은 고체표면에 단단히 부착할 수 있도록 하여 강한 파도의 충격이나 바닷속의 부력 효과에 대하여도 저항할 수 있다. 홍합접착단백질은 현재 알려진 어떠한 화학합성 접착제보다도 강력한 자연적인 접착제로 알려져 있으며 대부분의 에폭시 수지보다 두 배 정도의 커다란 인장강도를 지니고 있으면서도 휘어질 수 있는 유연성을 가지고 있는 혁신적인 물질이므로 접착제 산업계에서 매우 커다란 관심을 끌고 있다. (중략)

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.827-833
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• 2005

This study focused on the establishment of optimum formulation of polyamide based hot melt adhesive through adhesive synthesis, study of physical property, and adhesion study. In the previous study, the optimum formulation of base resins (CM831, 843P) and tackifying resin (terpene resin) was determined. The weight ratio of CM831, 843P, and terpene resin was 75, 25, and 10, respectively. Based on the optimum formulation, the effect of wax and filler addition was examined in this study. According to the results, the maximum adhesion strength with the steel could be obtained by the addition of 5 wt% of polyethylene wax although the melt viscosity of adhesive decreased continuously with the addition of wax. In the case of filler, the optimum adhesion property could be achieved by the addition of 10 wt% of talc. However, the addition of filler caused little increase of melt viscosity of adhesive.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.50-61
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• 1988

접착제(接着劑) 제조(製造)를 위하여 펄프폐액(廢液)중의 리그닌을 이용(利用)하는 연구(硏究)가 1930년경(年傾)부터 진행(進行)되여 아황산펄프폐액(廢液)중의 Lignosulfonate의 경우는 페놀수지(樹脂)나 요소수지(要素樹脂)에 증량(增量)시키거난 반응(反應)시키는 연구(硏究)인데 비하여 kraft 리그닌을 이용(利用)하는 경우는 페놀수지(樹脂)의 보문(報文)이 주류(主流)를 이루고 있으나 요소계(要素系) 공축합수지(共縮合樹脂)는 아직 발표(發表)된 바 없으며 또한 아직까지 리그닌을 이용(利用)한 상업적(商業的)인 접착제(接着劑)가 제조(製造)되어 활용(活用)되지 못하고 있는 실정(實情)이다. 따라서 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 합판제조(合板製造)의 원가절감(原價節減), 폐액이용(廢液利用)의 환경보존관점(環境保存觀點)에서 Krfat Pulp 폐액(廢液)중의 리그닌접착제(接着劑)의 제조(製造)하고져 실시(實施)하였으며, Urea-Lignin 접착제(接着劑)의 도포량(塗布量)은 일반적(一般的)으로 합판(合板)에 도포(塗布)되는 요소수지(要素樹脂)의 량(量)(320g/$m^2$)과 동일(同一)하고 압축응력(壓縮應力)은 균일(均一)하게 12kg/$cm^2$으로 하여 열압조건(熱壓條件)(온도(溫度), 시간(時間))의 영향(影響))을 아울러 규명(糾明)하였다. Urea-Formaldehyde와 Kraft lignin의 혼합비(混合比)는 중량비(重量比)(N.V.C)로 7:3으로 합성수지(合成樹脂)를 만들어 합판제조(合板製造)를 통(通)하여 구명(究明)를 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 본(本) 실험(實驗)의 결과(結果) 요소수지(要素樹脂)의 약(約) 30%가 krfat lignin으로 대체(代替)할 수 있음을 보여준 바, Pulping 공정(工程)의 부산물(副産物)로 얻어진 폐액(廢液)은 합판제조시(合板製造時) 접착제(接着劑)의 대체원(代替源)으로 유효(有效)하다. 2. 경제적관점(經濟的觀點)에서 합판제조(合板製造)를 위한 최적열압조건(最適熱壓條件)은 $160^{\circ}C$에서 3분(分)으로 압착(壓搾)하는 것이 적절(適切)하였다.(상태(常態)): 16.49kg/$cm^2$, 내수(耐水) : 18.56kg/$cm^2$, 내온수(內溫水) : 12.53kg/$cm^2$). 3. 요소-리그닌 접착제(接着劑)로 제조(製造)된 합판(合板)의 전단인장강도(剪斷引長强度)는 양호(良好)한 접착력(接着力)을 나타냈으며, 내수접착력(耐水接着力)($30^{\circ}C$에서 3시간(時間) 심적후(沈積後) 시험(試驗)은 상태접착력(狀態接着力)과 별차이가 없거나 더 높은 인장강도력(引長强度力)을 보여준 바, 내수합판용(耐水合板用) 접착제(接着劑)로 상당한 전망(展望)을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.476-480
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• 2005

Agricultural straws such as rice and barley were used as partial replacement of raw materials for particleboard (PB) manufacture. A melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, based on 5 percent melamine addition of the resin solids weight, was synthesized in the laboratory for the bonding of PB. PBs were made using two straw particles based on 10, 20, 30, 40% oven dry weight addition with MUF resin. PBs were tested for physical and mechanical properties, and water soak dimensional stability. The results indicated that as rice and barley straws addition level were increased, the properties of IB, MOR and dimensional stabilities such as thickness swell and water absorption were decreased. Overall, the agricultural straws can be used at 15% substitution of raw materials for PB manufacture.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.128-134
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• 2013

This study investigated the natural adhesives for ceramics conservation that can be used as a substitution for synthetic resins. Samples were prepared by mixing lacquer with animal glue and the structure and adhesion properties of the samples were analyzed. The structure analysis with FT-IR showed that carbonyl (C=O), amine (N-H) and aromatic (C=C) bonds are increased by adding animal glue on lacquer. Comparing to the viscosity and tensile strength of the sample to the Paraloid B-72 and Araldite rapid type, these natural adhesives can be a substitution for the synthetic resins. Through methodical and intensive study, we expect practical uses of this eco-friendly natural adhesives for ceramics conservation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.11 no.1 s.14
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• pp.38-51
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• 2002

The first priority we face in the conservation of wall paintings, is the conservation of painting layer. The 'painting layer' is sometimes called the pigment layer, and refers to the painted surface. For the consolidation of this painting layer we use 'fixative'. Fixative is a common adhesive which has been used in various field and conservators have made up for the weak points in the consolidation of wall paintings. In my thesis, I will summarise the range of use, standards of selection, and results of research on the use of fixative in the conservation of European paintings. In addition, I will describe various kinds of our traditional fixatives. As synthetic resins have proved that it is not ideal as a fixative for wall painting, conservators have studied to find an alternative. Same as European conservators, Asian scientists has researched to find alternative fixative which is more suitable to the wall paintings in Asia based on their traditional techniques and materials. Therefore, 1 have studied to find an adequate fixative for our own wall paintings and I could conclude that we can consider traditional fixative which is made of 'seaweeds' as an alternative and it is very important to proceed research and experiment on this material.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.379-385
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• 2018

This study examined the condition of degraded plastic artifacts and conducted materials assessments for conservation treatment. The properties and bond characteristics of five types of adhesives(EVA, PVAc, Cyanoacrylate) were evaluated to select the adhesive most suitable for conservation treatment. The degradation of plastic artifacts caused cracks, peelings, and surface warping. According to the FT-IR analysis, the synthetic resin used in the artifact was estimated to EVA type. The properties of the adhesives were evaluated through acidity, and hardness measurements. The results showed that acidity varies with the type of adhesive, and that the hardness of PVAc was higher than those of EVA. On comparing the bond characteristics of the samples after artificial degradation, it was found that PVAc and Cyanoacrylate increased the chromaticity and hardness of the samples, while EVA was the most stable with relatively little change. Thus, EVA was confirmed to be the most suitable materials for conservation treatment of degraded plastic artifacts. In this study, as the experiment of treatment materials based on actual artifact, it is expected that it could be used a basis research for conservation treatment of plastic artifacts.