• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.236-264
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide teachers with sub-components of inquiry skills and help them to give direct instructions on the skills to their students. Inquiry skills and strategies are considered by-products of science and inquiry instruction by most of the science teachers. On the other hand, much research shows that many students are not familiar with the way that they can use inquiry skills therefore direct instruction on the inquiry skills is needed. The lack of guidance on the sub-components for the inquiry skills, however, results in science teachers' ignorance of the inquiry skills. As shown in the previous studies which suggest that without teachers' guidance, students cannot acquire the intended skills, and it is necessary to inform science teachers of the necessity for direct instruction on the inquiry skills and strategy as well as give them the sub-components of the inquiry skills. On the basis of the results from the previous research on the inquiry skills, this study presents the sub-components of basic inquiry skills (observation, classification, measure, prediction, and reasoning) and integrated inquiry skills (problem recognition, hypothesis formulation, control of variables, data transformation, data interpretation, drawing conclusion, and generalization).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1203-1213
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• 2013

Governmental accounting system has changed from budgetary accounting on the basis of cash and bookkeeping by single entry to financial accounting on the basis of accrual and bookkeeping by double entry. In the context of this transition, infrastructure becomes considered an asset in accounting, and resulting accounting methods also take different approaches from conventional budgetary accounting. Financial accounting system defines expenditures into two categories, i.e. capital expenditure(CAPEX) and operational expenditure(OPEX), and stipulates that the expenditure shall be divided into those two categories before accounting. The construction and expansion of infrastructure must be considered a CAPEX because it means a sort of asset acquisition, but with regard to applications in practical accounting, it is actually challenging to judge whether any expenditure associated with maintenance works (including repair and service) during use of infrastructure acquired shall be considered CAPEX or OPEX. This paper suggested an asset management based accounting method for sewer maintenance expenditure. And it applied the method to actual accounting cases and analyzed them in comparison with conventional financial information. As a case study result, Sewer asset value of S city increased approximately 700 hundred won because sewer maintenance expenditure are classified between OPEX and CAPEX according to the proposed accounting method. It is expected that the proposed accounting method will contribute significantly to providing any proper sewer asset value information.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Various data like digital maps(1/1,000 or 1/5,000), field surveying, online materials and literatures are used for the preliminary investigation for urban development such as the feasibility evaluation, the profitability analysis, the zoning proposal, the zoning designation, and the land replotting planning. There are a couple of urban development methods like an expropriation, a replotting, a mixed-used method. The replotting method requires the consideration of land replotting types based on topography and building condition, which is not easy to gather data for the preliminary investigation maintaining the security of development planning. There are limitations of a preliminary investigation using aerial photos to detect topographic and building changes at specific period. GIS data combined with high-resolution imagery has advantages over the current dataset, which come from easy acquisition of various spatial resolution satellite images, wide swath coverage, the choice of imagery resolution satisfying a usage purpose, economic benefit comparing to aerial photos, and the calculation of distance and area on imagery from image modeling. For these reasons, the proposed method in this study enables to perform the more appropriate preliminary investigation using more accurate information.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.691-704
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the current situation of Independent loan fund business for disabled for independent and living stabilization of low-income disabled and presented a plan to support effectively. Methods were reanalyzed to obtain the data inside the Ministry of Health and Welfare and conducted a expert survey. The results of this study were First, The budget was 8.1 billion won and target households was 800, but the used budget was about 5.6 billion won(executive rate was 69.3%) and beneficiaries was 384 families. Second, the loan condition was gurantee is 58.5%, pawn is 23.3%, ungurantee is 18.2%. And, the loan type was occupation is 60.0%, car purchase is 35.3%, medical expenses is 2.6% and so on. In addition, 1,735 people apply for a loan fund but 904 people received a loan fund. So, loan rate was 52.1%. Third, business retention rate was 74.7% and close rate was 25.3%. Fourth, expert opinion was government support necessary for the in low-income disabled in social and economic situation of Korea. This study suggested that the loan purpose, loan amount, loan condition, simplified course were needed to consider when establishing policy for low-incone disabled.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2011

2010년 기준 세계 물산업은 약 4,800억불 규모이며, 2025년에는 약 1조 달러 규모로 성장할 것으로 전망된다. 또한 기후변화 등의 요인으로 물산업의 범위는 물순환체계 전과정을 포괄하는 "유역종합개발+상하수도+대체수자원"으로 확장될 것으로 예측된다. 그러나 지금까지의 국내 물산업 육성은 주로 상하수도 분야 중심으로 국한되어, 기후변화에 대응한 유역종합개발 분야에 대한 시장 진출기회를 상실하고 있다. 상하수도 중심의 물산업은 이미 선진 메이저 기업들이 선점하여 치열한 경쟁이 벌어지고 있는 '레드오션'이라 할 수 있으므로, 새로운 물산업의 강국으로 부상하기 위해서는 우리가 가진 장점을 바탕으로 물산업의 새로운 영역을 개척하는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구는 먼저 국내외 물순환체계 전과정(유역종합개발+상하수도+대체수자원)에 대한 시장 조사을 통해 세계 물산업 시장을 프로젝트 유형별, 지역별로 분석하고, 이를 토대로 국내 물산업 육성과 해외진출을 위한 당면 과제를 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 민관협력을 위한 제도적 틀을 형성할 필요가 있다. 정부의 역할이 매우 중요한데, 정부 또는 기금이 자금의 단순한 대부자에서 적극적인 투자자로 전환함으로서 국내 민간기업들의 해외시장 진입장벽을 낮추어 줄 필요가 있다. 정부 주도의 민관협력이 활성화되면 참여 기업의 재무적 리스크를 현저히 줄일 수 있다. 또한, 상하수도 운영 경험을 축적한 공기업이 해외진출 지원기능을 수행하도록 하여야 한다. 즉, 공기업이 민간 기업의 경쟁자가 아니라 지원자가 될 수 있도록 프레임을 바꿔주어야 한다. 둘째, 물산업 클러스터의 형성이다. 물산업 제조업은 대부분 중소 벤처기업으로 독자적인 해외진출이 곤란하므로, 물전문 공기업이 중소 벤처기업 육성 및 해외진출의 앵커 역할을 담당하는 것이 필요하다. 이스라엘이나 싱가포르의 물산업 클러스터처럼 Anchor 역할을 행하는 공기업과 민간기업이 장기적 협력관계를 구축할 수 있는 기반을 마련해야한다. 셋째, 신시장 역량의 창출이다. 기후변화로 크게 성장할 전망인 통합물관리 시장에 대한 전략적 접근이 요구된다. 우선 ODA 등 대외 원조자금을 활용하여 투자비가 적게 들고 정보를 선점할 수 있는 조사 설계부터 시작하여, 댐 및 수력개발, 상하수도 건설 운영 등에 단계적으로 접근할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 향후 도입될 예정인 물인프라의 Smart 기술, 첨단 수처리 기술 등을 활용하여 새로운 시장을 개척해야 한다. 4대강살리기 사업, 해수담수화 등 조기에 경쟁우위를 갖출 수 있는 사업과 기술을 Flagship Project로 브랜드화하여 우리나라를 "물강국"으로 포지셔닝할 경우 세계 물시장 공략에 보다 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.4 s.100
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• pp.583-588
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• 2005

Being able to resolve huge problems deriving from integration of information systems in-house or business to business, the web service that uses the XML standard technology has recently taken a quick dominance the next generation e-business bases. It's one constant concern how to integrate, change, and maintain such systems as based on certain technologies according to the changes to information technology, which is on the ongoing process of evolution. To help solve those problems, OMG suggested a new software architecture called MDA(Model Driven Architecture). MDA runs a process that establishes a platform independent model(PIM), which is an analysis model used as part of the existing development procedures, and automatically converts it into a platform specific model(PSM), a design model, based on the established PIM. Such automatic conversion has lots of benefits including easy support for diverse platforms, reducing the coding time that usually consume a great deal of the developer's effort, and facilitating quality control in the aspect of development processes. By applying the MDA development process to a new web service development, you can choose web service as the target platform at the PIM of MDA and express PSM with a web service model, WSDL. This study set out to classify the web service development or integration processes by the provider md requester to identify the types of web service development processes, and to apply the MDA development process to web service development, thus suggesting a new kind of web service development process that can be referred to by both the web service provider and requester.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.488-496
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• 2020

This study was based on nitrate chemical accidents at home and abroad. Toxic gases due to adverse reactions are generated in the workplace, laboratory, hospital, container damage, and chemical misinjection. Through a case review of possible situations and safety, this study analyzed various cases of accidents, accident status, accident type, cause of the accident, location of the accidents, etc. from 2014 to 2018. The plans for improvement in education and nitrate accidents were reviewed. As a result, 36 nitrate chemical accidents were investigated, including 16 careless worker accidents, eight transportation accidents, and 12 facilities shortages. Nitrate chemical accidents are occurring continuously. Based on this, the range of toxic effects using CARIS was calculated at the worst-case scenario, and the effective response range was measured through the damage impact range. For this purpose, the impact range was predicted based on the strengthening of safety education, emergency action plan and correlation, and the quantified data was identified. In addition, the reliability of the scope of impact was reviewed based on the correlation formula that could facilitate the evacuation of residents, and it was applied to actual accident scenarios of the workplace to present the effects of the accident response and preventive measures.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.599-611
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to analyze creativity-personality activities given in the high school science textbooks, which developed according to 2009 Revised Science Curriculum, and to examine how goals of new science curriculum were reflected in sceince the textbooks. An analysis shows that the proportion of inquiry is the best high among the types of creativity-personality activities. Also it is organized for a various activities such as reading, writing and debate. As a result of analyzing creativity-personality activities regarding creative thinking and personality element, a variety of creative thinking and personality element was not composed. The creative thinking is primarily divergent thinking, convergent thinking and associative thinking appears in order. In addition, the caring of personality elements is the most, and then honesty, cooperation and responsibility appears in order. Thus, it is necessary to structure a variety of activities for edification of creativity-personality in high school science textbooks. As an analysis of creativity-personality activities regarding elements of the decision-making, the review process do not appear at all, and there are few decision points generally. Therefore, a rational decision making for the sake of edification should be provided with specific decision-making factors.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.491-502
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• 2007

Categorization is very important for product design. Consumer's emotion become different according to a type of categorization, so design concept and design elements must be combined differently with difference of the emotion. Specially, categorization process is necessary if nowadays product line is enlarged, and a product differentiation is not clear. That is, designers decide on correct categories and a design concept based on similarity of emotion and have to provide to consumer-oriented design. The purpose of this study is to provide a design direction for Korean traditional sauce products after extracting consumers' sensitivity from the whole image of Korean traditional sauce and each images of the sauces-korean hot pepper paste, soybean paste, fermented soybeans paste, SsamJang, and soy sauce- and deciding categories of the each sauces based on the extracted sensitivities' similarity. In the result of this study, we knew that Korean traditional sauces didn't differentiate from consumers' preference images. In our empirical research, the research - emotional image survey on sauces - have conclusion that emotional image of "well-being", "tasty" have positive influence, but emotional image of "messy and dirty", "smelly" have negative influence. Therefore, we suggest that positive emotional images like "tasty" should be emphasized, but negative emotional images like "messy" should be eliminated for design and marketing strategy of Korean traditional sauces. This research will suggest the guideline for product design with respect to academic aspects and working-level aspects.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.45-69
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• 2009

This study is to present effective and rational strategies by comparing and analyzing plans of some nations such as the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan against terrorism. Nations mentioned above have made alliance to prevent the possible terrorism after 9.11 attack and performed various tasks efficiently. The result of this study is summarized as follows. First, it is required that there should be an integrated system which works properly. Each nation has not distinguished natural disaster from man-made one based on the damage and the abilities of authorities to deal with. On the other hand, South Korea tells two disasters according to causes and runs distributed systems in which each government division performs its duties to manage each disaster. Accordingly, in economic terms, it is much more effective to provide integrated counter terrorism, not distributed one. Second, information sharing must be stimulated. To take actions quickly when an accident occurs, the government needs to have united and integrative systems, which make it prepare for various types of terrorism well. In addition, it is necessary for a government-related organization to tie up with other channels for collecting, analyzing and sharing information. For this, integrative systems for terrorism should be taken into consideration.