• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate exercise load of visitors and physical condition of stairway in the trail of Keumsan located in Hallyo-Haesang National Park. Total trail length of Keumsan is 2,126m, and the number of step-trail section are 15, and the total length of step-trail section is 1,000.4m. Average gradient of step-trail was 20~40%. But the gradient and length were 45.7% and 268.5m in the section 11, and 58.4% and 188.6m in the section 12. The greatest gradient was 67.8% in the section 13. During the climbing in trail, heart rate were 104~184beats/min.. And in the step-trail section 11, 12, and 13, IHR, ELI, and %HRmax were 166.5%, 89.1%, 92.9%, and 167.4%, 89.6%, 93.2%, and 157.8%, 84.5%, 89.9%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.331-344
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• 1999

To study plant community structure and successional sere of the Kojedo District, Hallyo-Haesang National Park, fifty six plots were set up and surveyed(each plot $l00\m^2$). Fifty-six plots were classified into four community, Quercus variabilis-Zelkova serrata community(I), Q. variabilis-Cinnamomum japonicum-Neolitsea sericea community(II), Pinus thunbergii-C. japonicum-N. sericea community(III), P. thunbergii-P. densiflora community(IV) by TWINSPAN technique. Most area of forests in Kojedo district are artificial or coppice forest after artificial disturbance. The age of four community were about 35~40 years and the number of species 32~44 species per $600\m^2$. Ecological succession had been proceeded from deciduous broad-leaved species(Q. variabilis-Z. serrata etc.), P. thunbergii, P. densiflora to evergreen broad leaved forest(C. japonicum, N. sericea etc.).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2013

Traditional knowledge on wild mushrooms in Gyeongnam province near of Hallyeo-Haesang National Park was investigated. It was interviewed from 145 of people in age of 50th's to 90th's living in 53 villages. Total 19 mushrooms were used for food in which Ramaria botrytis was the most frequently used and followed Macrolepiota procera and Lentinula edodes. L. edodes was uniquely both medicinal and edible. Chlorophyllum neomastoidea, poisonous mushroom, was used as an insect repellent. The most various mushrooms were found in Irun, Geoje where 10 species of mushrooms were used and followed Jingyo, Hadong where 8 species were used. Among the interviewed people, the number of female was more than double compared to that of male and most of the interviewed people were 70th's and 80th's in age.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2022

To assess the characteristics of meiofaunal community fluctuations related to environmental factors, seasonal surveys were conducted in the subtidal zone of Hallyeohaesang National Park. The average depth of the study area was about 20 m, and the average water temperature at the bottom was low in winter(11.33℃) and high in summer(17.95℃). The sedimentary particles mainly comprised silt and clay at most stations. The abundance of meiofauna ranged from 81.7 to 1,296.5 Inds. 10 cm^-2, and the average abundance was 589.3 Inds. 10 cm^-2. The average abundance of meiofauna in each season was the lowest at 416.5 Inds. 10cm^-2 in winter and the highest at 704.5Inds.10 cm^-2 in spring. The dominant taxa were nematodes (about 92%) and harpacticoids (about 5%). In the cluster analysis of meiofaunal communities, they were divided into four significant groups. The largest group mainly contained spring and summer samples, and contained stations with a high nematode density of over 500 Inds. 10 cm^-2 and harpacticoids below 50 Inds. 10 cm^-2 with a high composition ratio of nematodes. In the cluster analysis, no regional division was found between the stations, and it was thought to be divided by the seasons with high abundance according to seasonal variation and the composition ratio of nematodes and harpacticoids. In the Spearman rank correlation analysis, the density of total meiofauna and the most dominant taxa, nematodes, was not significantly related to environmental factors. However, the density of harpacticoids had a significant positive correlation with water depth and a negative correlation with sediment particle size.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 1999

Thirty-two plots have been set up and surveyed to investigate the plant community structure and distribution density of Pinus thunbergii-P. densiflora forest in Kojedo District, Hallyo-Haesang National Park. By DCA ordination technique P. thunbergii-P. densiflora forest was classified into P. thunbergii community, P. thunbergii-P. densiflora community, and P. densiflora community. The trend of plant community succession was invalid. The results of simple regression analysis between mean DBH(cm), mean distribution distance(m), and number of individual of P. thunbergii and P. densiflora were as follows: Distribution distance(m) = 0.094$\times$DBH(cm)-0.1248, Number of individual=1,820.1$\times$(cm)$DBH^{-1.6734}$ , Distribution distance(m)=6.6805$\times$Number of $individual^{-0.5425}$ .

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.11-23
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of vascular plants in five islands of Jisimdo, Naedo, Yoondoldo, Songdo and Galdo in East Hallyeohaesang National Park. The Islands were surveyed from 2010 to 2011. The flora was classified to as: Jisimdo, 246 taxa; 85 families, 195 genus, 219 species, 3 subspecies, 24 varieties and 2 forma. Naedo, 143 taxa; 72 families, 127 genus, 131 species, 12 varieties. Yoondoldo, 84 taxa; 56 families, 73 genus, 219 species, 1 subspecies, 10 varieties. Songdo, 70 taxa; 33 families, 63 genus, 64 species, 6 varieties and Galdo, 93 taxa; 47 families, 84 genus, 84 species, 1 subspecies, 7 varieties, and 1 forma. Thus, a total of 380 taxa; 105 families, 272 genus, 334 species, 3 subspecies, 39 varieties and 4 forma were observed. A total of 8 and 6 taxa were found to be rare plants in surveyed areas and endemic to Korea, respectively. Distribution of floristic special plants in the surveyed area was divided into five classes (class I-V), 42 taxa; were in class I, 1 taxa; was in class II, 25 taxa; were in class III, 4 taxa; were in class IV and 4 taxa; were in class V. Total floristic special plants were 76 taxa.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.373-394
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• 2022

This study aimed to find out the formation of ecologically educational place identity of nature trails in national parks, which elementary school students to adults can understand, by analyzing the connectivity between characteristics (signs) of nature trails and elementary science environment-related key concepts and the domain of ecological education in the course of environment and by developing a semiotic interpretation model of place identity based on Barthes's semiotic theory. When analyzing correlations between the interpretation board-focused surrounding environment of nature trails and the content system of ecological education, this study found out that it showed the highest connectivity with the domain of 'System of Ecological Environment'. When analyzing the formation of place identity of nature trails in terms of semiotics, this study discovered that geographical locations or landscapes, artificial environments and physical elements as characteristics of surrounding environments mostly acted on the formation of placeness. Besides, it was found that both knowledge and attachment elements equally could act on the formation of a sense of place. Being likely to develop through interaction between placeness and a sense of place, place identity was mostly composed of behavioral internal stages and sympathetic internal stages. To diversify the formation of place identity, however, this study found it necessary to develop environment education projects and create surrounding environments and interpretation boards with the environmental uniqueness of nature trails reflected much more.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2008

This study elucidated the floral composition of marine algae and community structure at Hallyeo-haesang National Park, on the southern coast of Korea. In all, 89 species, comprising 10 green, 30 brown and 49 red algae, were identified. The dominant species in terms of importance value were Ulva pertusa, Colpomenia sinuosa, Undaria pinnatifida, Padina arborescens, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum sagamianum and Amphiroa dilatata. The vertical distribution of marine vegetation was characterized by Enteromorpha linza - Ulva pertusa - Gelidium divaricatum in the upper intertidal zone, Hizikia fusiformis - Sargassum thunbergii in the middle intertidal zone, and Amphiroa spp. - Hildenbrandtia rubra - Corallina pilulifera in the lower intertidal zone. Functional form group analysis showed that coarsely branched forms comprised 50.3% of the algal community, whereas thick leathery forms, sheet forms and filamentous forms comprised 11.9-13.1%. R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P values were 1.91, 0.74 and 2.64, respectively. A cluster analysis of species occurrence suggested that the number of marine algal species differed greatly among the sampling sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.598-608
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• 2000

This study examined several characteristics such as the relationships between environmental attitudes and national park visitors' socio-economic characteristics, and between environmental attitudes and their travel motivations. Environmental attitude was measured using the modified New Environmental Paradigm(NEP) scale, where five response options existed(from strongly disagree to strongly agree). Data for this empirical analysis were obtained from 2,647 participants at six national parks-Sulaksan, Kayasan, Naeiangsan, Pookhansan, Taeanhaean, and Hanryohaesang. Results showed that most visitors gave a pro-NEP response ranging from neutral attitude to pro-environmentalism. Environmental attitudes correlated positively with education level, while, negatively with age. Environmental concern, also, generally correlated positively with 'rest' and 'health' motivators, while, negatively with 'socialization' and 'vacation' motivators. The findings of this study suggest that education is the most effective politic measure to lead pro-environmental concern for park visitors. And, given the nature of the relationship between environmental concern and visitors' motivation, park managers should be more careful handling with family and group visitors who have 'vacation' and 'socialization' motivators than 'rest' and 'health' motivators.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure of the vegetation on the trail of Hallyeo Marine & Coastal National Park. Twenty six $10{\times}10m$ plots were established along the Jisimdo trail. The vascular plants were surveyed from March 2011 to October 2011. Camellia japonica was a major woody species in the study area, while Pinus thunbergii and Zanthoxylum ailanthoides were co-dominant tree species. There were positive correlations between Distylium racemosum and Ligustrum japonicum var. japonicum; Callicarpa japonica var. luxurians and Eurya japonical; Actinodaphne lancifolia and Cinnamomum japonicum; A. lancifolia and Machilus japonica. Positive correlations were found between A. lancifolia and P. thunbergii; Z. ailanthoides and C. japonicum. Species diversity (H') was ranged from 0.51907 to 1.0217, and was relatively low compared to those of same national parks. 10 populations of Milletia japonica which are rare and endemic species, were recorded from the list of rare and endemic species of the Ministry of Environment near by ammo dumps, this study recommend the long term habitat monitoring of the species.