• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2017

Wetland function assessment is not only a basic step to understand wetland ecosystems in detail but also an important process as a base of the term, ecosystem service to recognize wetland ecosystems as valuable and useful resources and goods for human being. WET (wetland evaluation technique), EMAP (environmental monitoring assessment program)-wetlands, and HGM (hydrogeomorphic method) were developed as pioneer wetland function assessments in U.S. at the end of $20^{th}$-century. RAMs (rapid assessment methods) became a major function assessment tool which is relatively simpler and easier assessment tool at the beginning of $21^{th}$-century. After that, the hierarchy of three levels of assessment (landscape assessment, rapid assessment, and intensive assesment) has been prepared and strategically utilized according to the objectives and purposes of function assessments. In South Korea, RAM and HGM were used to assess wetland functions with reforming a couple of items and contents at 2001. And, modified and reformed function assessments have been developed to complement and improve upon the existing RAMs and HGMs. Via the trend analysis on wetland function assessments, some needs which require supplements in terms of function assessment are pointed out: 1) wetland function assessments using useful indicators such as birds are needed with considering our environmental characteristics. 2) optimized wetland function assessments for coastal wetlands are also needed. 3) the network construction and further expansion to lead communications and co-operations between researchers and policy makers is needed in the field of wetland function assessment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.144-154
• /
• 2017

The riparian vegetation is one of corridor type ecosystems, an ecotone and able to improve the ecological soundness by structural and functional link. And they act as habitats, sources and sinks of species, conduits, filters and barriers. This study was carried out to develop the vegetation model for the fluctuation areas of lake reservoirs consider of hydrologic and soil environments according to the vegetation structure of the reference ecosystem. To develop the case study, 2 sites within 10degree slope of the Daecheong Lake were selected. The riparian vegetation models were built by the results of GIS analysis, remote satellite analysis, field survey results, consider of water level, flooded frequency, soil and topographic index, land cover or land use etc. 1) study area varied from FWL to -5m of NFWL, 2) slope 10% below, 3) vegetations flooded below 100days yearly are Salix koreensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix gracilistyla, 4)land cover type classified wildlife grassland, abandoned paddy field, cropland according to landuse (or landcover), 5)finally model was constructed as ecological landscape forest. The model designs were suggested by 2 types in Daecheong lake reservoir. The model for the riparian vegetation corridors could be the basic and useful data to improve the ecological and landscape properties.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.27 no.3 s.90
• /
• pp.198-205
• /
• 1999

Cucurbitaceous vegetable crops grown in greenhouses in Korea were surveyed from 1995 to 1997. Incidence of Sclerotinia rot was as high as $30{\sim}70%$ at its maximum on Cucumis melo var. reticulatus (netted melon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin) and Cucurbita pepo (summer squash) but relatively low on Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) and Cucumis melo var. makuwa (oriental melon). Symptoms of Sclerotinia rot developed on stems of all the cucurbits, fruits of five cucurbits except C. lanatus, petioles of two Cucurbita spp. and leaves of C. moschata. A total of 126 isolates of Sclerotinia sp. were obtained from the lesions and identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. The fungus was very frequently isolated from stems and fruits of the cucurbits but rarely from petioles and leaves. Six isolates of the fungus were pathogenic to six cucurbits tested although there was some difference in virulence among the isolates to some of the hosts. C. lanatus was the most susceptible to the isolates, whereas C. melo var. makuwa was the most resistant. C. melo var. reticulatus and C. sativus were relatively susceptible to the isolates, and C. moschata and C. pepo relatively resistant.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.121-137
• /
• 2000

Weathering profiles which were developed under a temperate, humid environment and relatively steep geography, show a thick saprolite and soil horiaon in the Precambrian granitic gneiss of the Yoogoo area. In the weathering profiles, secondary minerals such as interstratified biotite/vermiculite, tri- or di-octahedral vermiculite, halloysite, kaolinite, illite, smectite, gibsite and geothite were observed. Kaolinization of biotite is the most prevalent mechanism but vermiculitization is a minor from all ofweathering profiles. Biotite altered to B/V mixed layer-vermiculite, to illite and to halloysite, kaolinite and gibbsite. Halloysite is the most frequently observed weathering product of biotite in these profiles. Goethite is observed at the around or opened fissures of altered biotite. Tubular halloysite aggregates was fDrmed from dissolution-precipitation of plagioclase. The occurrence of halloysite aggregates is divided into a preferentially oriented type and a wrinkled one which were resulted from the dissolved type of plagioclase. Fe-bearing minerals have also been subjected to dissolution leaving the precipitation of geothite along dissolution voids. The profile of granitic gneiss is a typical weathering pattern showing a clay minerals increase toward the surface. Weathering of minerals were controlled by locally acidic and good-drainage environment, and formed a various and complicated secondary minerals in this study area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.83 no.4
• /
• pp.429-440
• /
• 1994

This study attempt to evaluate the recreation space(two patterns ; one is open space ; forest, water-front space and free open space, the other recreational fercilities) located in the natural area based on clarifying the relationship between the physical conditions of these spaces and human response(users' cognitive evaluation and users' activity pattern). On this standpoint it was proceeded to analyses of the information which was collected by interviews to users who were in this open space at the natural park of Osaka Prefecture. Through this study, the results were summarized as follows ; 1) Forest and waterfront space are considered to be a basic factor of the composition in natural recreation areas. There was difference on the recreational value depending on condition of forest composition. The hardwood-forest apparently high in its efficiency. 2) Free open space is a definite recreational space surely wide in its scope of active of recreational use. The site should be setted up considering the plants conditions around and geographical features according to the recreational activities, and the ground cover should be well controlled. 3) The recreational facilities in natural settings such as the sightseeing tower, the insect display hall, and the camp site appeared to produce low value as a recreational space. It was desirable that recreational activities be allowed within the scope. Consequently, we should carefully consider environmental capacity and landscape to designing these spaces 4) Traditional history and cultural properties are recognized as part of recreational resource as and also as essence of the compositions. So continuos care and proportion of history and cultural properties should be guaranteed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.139-153
• /
• 2014

This study contemplates the utopian landscape recognized by the scholars with twenty three pieces of 'travel record'. Consequently, five key words - Mureungdowon(武陵桃源), Byeolcheonji(別天地), Dongcheon(洞天), Chonghakdong, Eungeoji(hermitage) - are chosen for comprehending the utopia and their landscape characteristics are organised as follows. Mureungdowon in Jirisan Mountain which the scholars dreamed of is a flatland with the full energy for local vegetation and domestic animals in the mysterious and deep gorge. This utopia eventually reflects the rural landscape. Byeolcheonji is a utopia combining the concept of a fairyland and beautiful scenery. The scholars also used the term 'Dongcheon' for naming the enclosed landform which is suitable for seclusion and defining the some areas of beautiful scenery. Cheonghakdong, which is set only in Jirisan Mountain, has been formed by the stone scenery of gorges and Buril waterfalls around the whole area of Burilam Hermitage, the vegetation scenery of pine trees and bamboos with the legend of Choi Chiwon and his engraved inscription on a rock. Adding to the utopia passed down, the scholars perceived the village with geographical features with back to the mountain and facing the water, the river practising the trade, the flatland enclosed by bamboo forests, the vegetation mainly consisting of fruit trees and beautiful scenery as the utopia realized on earth. It is equivalent to the world of human beings laboring appropriately and living in Mother Nature. As mentioned above, this study has significance for apprehending the relevance between the culture of strolling in the mountains by the scholars of Joseon Dynasty and the fairyland and explaining the various traditional utopias from the inherited concepts from China to the naturalized realistic utopia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 2014

This contribution studied knowledges, informations and main project issues for systematic conservation management utilize of Joseon Royal Tombs guaranteeing their Outstanding Universal Value, Authenticity and Integrity, and the outcomes are as follows. The first, regarding the tomb's system, it should be planned to enhance authenticity and integrity of Joseon Royal Tombs through historical facts, measurement, diagnosis and intervention according to international and national charters, statements and general standards. The second, regarding prevention against disasters, the anti-fire system including construction of GIS materials and the Risk Map following investigation the present condition, premising improvement of relevant laws and regulations, should be planned. The third, we should consider, regarding utilize, educational application by the each tomb's story and royal ancestral rite, tourism by the local area of each tomb and industrial application by science and IT technologies.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.281-285
• /
• 2008

Wireless sensor networks are closely related with the geometric environment in which they are deployed. We consider the probable case when a routing protocol runs on an environment with many complex obstacles like downtown surroundings. In addition, there are no unrealistic assumptions in order to increase practicality of the protocol. Our goal is to find a routing protocol for maximizing network lifetime by using only connectivity information in the complex sensor network environment. We propose a topology-based routing algorithm that accomplishes good performance in terms of network lifetime and routing complexity as measures. Our routing algorithm makes routing decision based on a weighted graph as topological abstraction of the complex network. The graph conduces to lifetime enhancement by giving alternative paths, distributing the skewed burden. An energy estimation method is used so as to maintain routing information without any additional cost. We show how our approach can be used to maximize network lifetime and by extensive simulation we prove that out approach gives good results in terms of both measures-network lifetime and routing complexity.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate changes in the thickness of cornea, curvature of cornea, and aberration depending on the water contents, materials, and refractive power of contact lens. Methods: The differences in the corneal thickness between pre- and post-wearing the lenses were compared using 5 kinds of lenses. The changes in the corneal thickness, the curvatures of the anterior and posterior cornea, and high order aberration (HOA) before and after wearing the lenses were investigated at the center of the cornea, and the different distance and the direction away from the center of the cornea. For the equipments of measurement, ORB ScanII (Bausch & Lomb Inc, ver 3.14) was used to measure the corneal topography and thickness, and Zywave (Bausch & Lomb Inc, ver 5.20) was used to analyze the high order aberration. Results: Five (S1, S2, S3, T1, T2) of the lens was used for this study, excluding the lens T2 lens has four lenses and the thickness of the corneal shape, but the impact is minimal. In the case of the hydrogel soft contact lenses (T2 lens) with low oxygen permeability, the corneal thickness showed distinct increasing patterns. The high order aberration and coma aberration were most changed in the silicon hydrogel toric lens, while the depth of anterior was most changed in the hydrogel toric lens. Conclusion: Among the 5 kinds of contact lenses with different water contents, materials, and refractive power used for this study, the corneal shape change was small for the lenses with an oxygen permeability (Dk) of more than 28, and the largest for the lenses with a very low oxygen permeability.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the location and the layout of Donghwa temple(桐華寺) in Kyungbuk Province from feng-shui perspective. Feng-shui is a traditional geographic thought in China and Korea. It is necessary to understand feng-shui in order to understand Korean landscape and cultural geography. Feng-shui had had a tremendous impact on Korean landscape through selective buildings of cities, settlements, houses, monuments, temples, pagodas, and so on. In this study, I interpret the geomantic characteristics of Dinghwa temple in Kyungbuk Province. The results of this study are as follow. 1) Donghwa temple is carrying the mountain on the back and belting the water in front. The mountains which encircle the auspicious place are accordance with the feng-shui theory. The watercourse which flows the temple is suitable. The feng-shui spot is located at the foot of the mountain with surrounding mountains and a watercourse in front. 2) Many feng-shui texts discuss the types of surrounding mountain in detail and morphologically describe them with certain auspicious objects. In case of Donghwa temple, it can be compared to a phoenix carrying eggs in the bosom. This is a morphological marker for the description of configulation features of Donghwa temple. In the case of Donghwa temple, we can observe geomantic landscape for the purpose of fulfilling the geomantic harmony of the temple. Also the impact of feng-shui on vegetation is identified in Donghwa temple. 3) For the management of good feng-shui condition, and for the maintaining the harmony between the building layout and surrounding landform, some proposals are suggested.