• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.581-589
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• 2012

Non-point source pollutant is exerting a serious influence on the water quality, since the characteristics of stormwater runoff is varied by the land usage pattern of an area and a basin, and all sorts of pollutants on the earth in rainfall flow into the urban stream. This study estimated EMC of each pollutant to investigate the characteristics of stormwater runoff by separating the urban area as the housing area and industrial area. As a result of the analysis, the first flush effect occurred in the non-point source pollutant of housing area and industrial area, as the runoff concentration gradually reduces after it rapidly increases in the initial rainfall, and in case of the non-point source pollutant the control of first stage rain-water. It is considered to require the continuous follow-up study such as the scale of long-term rainfall event and water quality data, land usage pattern by GIS method, database of topography and geological features, and so forth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

The need for insect and mite resistant turfgrass cultivars arose because of problems associated with pesticide use. Representative cultivars and genotypes of 18 warm-season turfgrass [Zoysia japonica Steud., Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybrids, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifotia hybrids, Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., C. dactylon${\times}$C. transvallensis hybrids, Paspalum notatum Flugge., P. vaginatum Swartz., Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) and Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] and 20 cool-season turfgrasses [Poa pratensis L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L., F. rubra var. commutata Gaud., F. ovina var. duriuscula L. Koch. Agrostis tenuis Sibth., A. palustris Huds., and Latium perenne L.] were evaluated for host resistance to feeding by the Spodoptera depravata (Butler) in the laboratory. Two experiments were set up in the laboratory using 8.5cm diameter${\times}$4.0cm deep plastic petri dishes as larvae feeding chambers. In experiment 1, one neonate larvae were place on the grass in each dish and the dishes were arranged with 5 replicates each within an environmental chamber maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 15h light: 9h dark Larval survival and larval weights at 7d and 14d, pupal weights, and days to pupation were compared among turfgrasses. In Experiment 2, 4cm sections of all grasses were oriented equidistant from each other in a pattern resembling the spokes of a wheel. Five one neonate larvae were introduced to the center of each dish. Dishes were immediately placed in an environmental chamber held at $25^{\circ}C$, 15h light: 9h dark Larvae were allowed to feed for 24h. Damage was rated from 0(no damage) to 9(completely consumed) were made for eachturfgrass. Resistance as antibiosis (high mortality, slowed growth, and least preference) was identified in Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifolia hybirids ‘Emerald’, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybirds ‘Miyako’ and Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.). Cool-season turfgrasses tested were susceptible to feeding by Spodoptera depravata (Butler).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.78-88
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• 2002

본 연구는 울산월드컵경기장의 조경현황을 분석함과 동시에 경기가 끝난 후에도 이곳을 찾는 이용자들의 요구를 수렴함으로써, 향후 경기장조경시에 적용할 수 있는 교훈을 얻기 위한 목적을 두고 진행되었다. 조경현황에 대한 분석 자료는 월드컵경기장 조경을 위한 시공보고서와 도면 및 사진 그리고 현장에서 수집한 제반 자료이며, 이용자요구는 현장에서 조사한 이용행태이다. 연구결과 2002월드컵대회에 대비해서 만들어진 울산월드컵경기장은 건축공간을 확보하는 과정에 서 대규모의 정지작업을 실시하여 과다한 지형변화가 발생하였으나, 친환경적인 법면의 처리와 향토식생의 도입 및 대형목 등의 이식을 통해서 자연과 친화될 수 있는 경관을 조성하고 있었다. 특히 기존의 옥동저수지를 보전.활용하여 친수공간을 확보한 것은 울산월드컵경기장조경에서 주목할만한 특징으로써, 기회요소를 지혜롭게 활용한 좋은 사례가 되고 있다. 한편, 울산월드컵경기장은 시민들이 부담 없이 여가공간으로 활용할 수 있는 공원적 기능이 체육시설에 접목됨으로써 기존의 경기장과는 달기 체육, 문화, 교육기능이 복합적으로 기능하는 세계적 수준의 체육공원으로 개발되었다. 또한, 울산이 가진 역사 문화적 요소를 상징적인 설계언어로 도입한 것은 역사적 장소성을 중시한 설계방법으로서 이것 역시 울산월드컵경기장조경의 특징으로 손꼽을 수 있는 것이다. 특히 울산월드컵경기장은 경기가 종료된 이후에도 시민들에게 적극적으로 개방되고 있으며, 시민공원의 성격으로 이용될 수 있는 다원적 기능을 가지고 있어서 주목되는 바가 컸다 이와 같은 경기장 건설의 개념은 공간의 이용을 시간적으로 확장하는 것으로서 향후 보다 적극적으로 도입되어야 할 현대적 개념의 공간이용으로 볼 수 있다. 연구결과 향후 울산월드컵경기장이 시민의 휴식과 문화공간으로서 보다 적극적으로 기능하기 위해서는 경기장은 물론 공원으로 이용되는 공간에 대한 철저한 유지관리와 운영관리에 대한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 특히 자연환경이 훼손된 부분에 대해서는 원래의 생태적 질서가 회복될 수 있도록 더욱 노력하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.57-70
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• 2007

As a basic element of Jeju landscape, Oreum offers a beautiful and aesthetic view. Considering topographical and geological research achievements, however, an effort to discover implicit value in terms of landscape characteristics and value has been ignored. This paper has investigated the characteristics and value of landscape by Oreum focusing on Jeju landscape characteristics and eco-touristic value and discussed a scheme to maximize the values. Under a theme of 'Sustainable Development' of the RIO Declaration, tour industry has recently changed its focus from eco-tourism to gee-tourism. Fortunately, Jeju Oreum has very distinctive and unique landscape with depressed crater at a crest. Nevertheless, it's very difficult to see a true aspect of Oreum from the street or over the car window. Therefore, it's urgent to begin a research on how to make advantage of and preserve Oreum landscape in order to maximize its landscape values and improve its potential as a tourist attraction. Through diverse programs such as sky leisure sports(ex: light airplane and helicopter riding, paragliding), sky watching, and mountain hiking, in particular, a possibility that Oreum can succeed as LBD(Learning by Doing)-based tour program with volcanic features needs to be examined. Besides, it's also a good idea to develop Oreum tour program or Oreum Museum as an alternative plan. Above all, however, it's most urgent to protect the existing Oreum and restore ecological and landscape beauty of Oreum through proper land use.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2007

Airborne Lidar (light detection and ranging) can be an effective alternative in forest inventory to overcome the limitations of conventional field survey and aerial photo interpretation. In this study, we attempt to develop methodologies to identify individual trees and to estimate tree height from airborne Lidar data. Initially, digital elevation model (DEM) data representing the exact ground surface were generated by removing non-ground returns from the multiple-return laser point clouds, obtained over the coniferous forest site of rugged terrain. Based on the canopy height model (CHM) data representing non-ground layer, individual tree heights are extracted through pseudo-grid method and moving window filtering algorithm. Comparing with field survey data and aerial photo interpretation on sample plots, the number of trees extracted from Lidar data show over 90% accuracy and tree heights were underestimated within 1.1m in average at two plantation stands of pine (Pinus koraiensis) and larch (Larix leptolepis).

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1143-1155
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• 1999

셀룰러 방식의 이동통신 시스템에서 전파의 유효신호 도달범위를 예측하기 위해서는 전파전파 모델을 이용한 예측기법이 주로 사용된다. 그러나, 전파과정에서 주변 지형지물에 의해 발생하는 전파손실은 매우 복잡한 비선형적인 특성을 가지며 수식으로는 정확한 표현이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 신경회로망의 함수 근사화 능력을 이용하여 전파손실 예측모델을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 전파손실을 송수신 안테나간의 거리, 송신안테나의 특성, 장애물 투과영향, 회절특성, 도로, 수면에 의한 영향 등과 같은 전파환경 변수들의 함수로 가정하고, 신경회로망 학습을 통하여 함수를 근사화한다. 전파환경 변수들이 신경회로망 입력으로 사용되기 위해서는 3차원 지형도와 벡터지도를 이용하여 전파의 반사, 회절, 산란 등의 물리적인 특성이 고려된 특징 추출을 통해 정량적인 수치들을 계산한다. 이와 같이 얻어진 훈련데이타를 이용한 신경회로망 학습을 통해 전파손실 모델을 완성한다. 이 모델을 이용하여 서울 도심 지역의 실제 서비스 환경에 대한 타 모델과의 비교실험결과를 통해 제안하는 모델의 우수성을 보인다.Abstract In cellular mobile communication systems, wave propagation models are used in most cases to predict cell coverage. The amount of propagation loss induced by the obstacles in the propagation path, however, is a highly non-linear function, which cannot be easily represented mathematically. In this paper, we introduce the method of producing propagation loss prediction models by function approximation using neural networks. In this method, we assume the propagation loss is a function of the relevant parameters such as the distance from the base station antenna, the specification of the transmitter antenna, obstacle profile, diffraction effect, road, and water effect. The values of these parameters are produced from the field measurement data, 3D digital terrain maps, and vector maps as its inputs by a feature extraction process, which takes into account the physical characteristics of electromagnetic waves such as reflection, diffraction and scattering. The values produced are used as the input to the neural network, which are then trained to become the propagation loss prediction model. In the experimental study, we obtain a considerable amount of improvement over COST-231 model in the prediction accuracy using this model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2006

Using GJS and fuzzy sets, a model was developed for evaluating the site-suitability of forest stands for extracting sap of Acer pictum Thunb. var. mono in Mt. Baekun area. In the model, the productivity of sap extraction was expressed as the function of biotic and abiotic site factors. Among the factors, the topographic terrain conditions and accessibility of forest stands were chosen to consider working environment of the sap extraction. The difference in measurements of the factors between sap-extraction and non-sap-extraction forest stands was used in determining the weight of the relative importance for sap extraction productivity. The weight for distance-to-stream, vegetation type and shading condition turned out relatively higher than those for tree age, distance-to-road and DBH. Based on the results, a site-suitability map in Mt. Baekun area for sap extraction was built.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.451-467
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• 2002

The Yeongsan River is one of major rivers in South Korea, and its basin is one of core areas that produce foods for the nation. The Yeongsan River Basin has flood plain and hill areas well developed, and areas surrounding the Yeongsan Lake has a tidal mud-plat widely dispersed. The flood plains are called 'Deul'. In particular, at the upstream of 'Mulmok' with a narrow valley are widely spread flood plain. The flood plains were developed into rice paddies until the end of Joseon Dynasty. Local core cities were created against these agricultural lands. Hills are called 'Deung', 'Kkageum' and 'Yasan' and in particular, are widely distributed in Naju City and Yeongam County. Forest land on hill began to be seriously developed into agricultural land from the 1960s, and this development is being pursued even today. Much fanning are conducted in the form of leased fanning by outside people. Tidal mud-plats were widely distributed along the downstream of the Yeongsan River, Namhae Bay. Tidal mud-plat is called 'BBeolbat' and tidal channel is called 'Gaeong.' After the estuary dyke of the Yeongsan River was built in 1981, the tidal mud-plat was developed into agricultural land in large-scale reclamation projects, and changed into 'Yeongsan Plains,' With the appearance of new plains, locals' life fundamentally changed, turning all villages into pure farm villages.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.623-634
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• 2010

The elevated water storage tanks highly crowded in the western region in Jeju island is an important landmark of Jeju island. This study examines the reasons that the elevated water storage tanks appeared in a high density. After examination, this study found that the elevated water storage tanks formed under the influences of climate, hydrogeologic structure, soil, topography and land use. In particular, the elevated water storage tanks in Jeju are closely related to the crapping system with which water has to be supplied using sprinkler due to well drained soil and hydrogeological characteristics. The results of this study show that elevated water storage tank landscape in the western region of Jeju island is an agricultural landscape particularly made in the course of farmers' adaptation to the natural environment of Jeju island.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.366-375
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• 2017

Researching Stromatolites spread all over Gyeong-San, province Gyeongsangbukdo, it raise an objection for preservation of original state caused by natural weathering, artificial destruction, illegal emission and enviromental pollution. Stromatolites in Gyeong-San was formed on lake Meszoic era cretaceous. So it is representative rock of geological feature of sediment formed in water and landscape. It could be used as educational data on mesozoic stratum and earth surface, and resources of observation and experience program. It could apply as educational venue place in terms of Mesozoic era cretaceous motif. And it is managed various programs appling 4H (Healing, Hiking, Hand, History) experience program based on local community. And it is concerned software program introducing augumented reality, furthermore discuss with related field.