• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.895-902
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• 2024

AI requires learning, and learning requires data. Some data is copyright-free, such as mountains, oceans, and terrain, while others are restricted by various laws, such as privacy and copyright laws. This thesis investigates how data subjects can voluntarily consent and participate in the collection, utilization, and distribution of their data, overcoming legal restrictions. We design a system that creates specific spaces in public places, engages businesses to define the data needed for learning, and rewards citizens for voluntarily participating in the collection of Multimodal MyData in specific spaces. In addition, a system that enables authentication, distribution, and sale/resale of generated data in connection with the government's MyData platform will be implemented. If this is led by the government, it will be possible to collect data for learning in a new way without legal sanctions for each learning domain, which will further revitalize the development and utilization of AI technology.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 1977

Some of basic aspects of soil potassium with special reference to soil physical properties were discussed. Data in the Official Soil Series Description(Korea) was analyzed according to soil type, land form, and soil texture to find soil potassium status which may explain different response to potassium application. Exchangeable potassium contents decreased with soil depth irrespective of soil type, land form and soil texture. Change in degree of potassium saturation within soil profile was not so clear as exchangeable potassium but the degree of potassium saturation of A horizon was highest among soil horizon. Soils of terrace and mountain foot slope showed high values both in exchangeable potassium and degree of potassium sauration and only these two soils were classified as soils having exchangeable potassium higher than 0.3 meq per 100g of soil and degree of potassium saturation higher than 5.0%. Exchangeable potassium of fine loamy and fine clayey soils is higher than 0.3 meq per 100g of soil but degree of potassium saturation is lower than 4.0%. Degree of potassium saturation of sandy soils exceeds 5.0% but exchangeable potassium is very low. Soils of rolling, hilly, unmatured and alpine land soils have lower exchangeable potassium and show lower degree of potassium saturation. The highest distribution of exchangeable potassium content irrespective of soil horizons was shown in the range of 0.1-0.2 meq per 100g of soil. The highest distribution of degree of potassium saturation was in the range of 2.0-3.0% in A horizon and 1.0-2.0% in B and C horizons. Of the soil series concerned in this analysis, 27.3% in A horizon, 11.1% in B horizon and 4.0% in C horizon had exchangeable potassium higher than 0.3 meq per 100g of soil and 18.0% in A horizon, 6.3% in B horizon, and 4.1% in C horizon showed degree of potassium saturation higher than 5.0%. The low response of potassium application only to soils in terrace and mountain foot slope may be resulted from the high exchangeable potassium content and high degree of potassium saturation. It is concluded that a great response of potassium application to soils is expected especially in dry season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.20-35
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• 2002

We studied the fishing ground of a yellowtail and oceanographic conditions around Chujado and Marado around Jeju Island from autumn to winter. Also we investigate the forming mechanism of fishing ground around Marado, which shows the best catch of yellowtail near Jeju island. The obtained results are summarized as follow ; 1. When the high temperature water about 15.0∼19.0 in depth of 50m distributed around Chujado and Marado, the fishing ground of Yellowtail is shows a good catch. On the contrary, when the low temperature water about 11.0∼14.0 is shows a poor catch. 2. Fishing grounds of yellowtail by handline fishing are formed with a school of Yellowtail migrating southward from the coastal sea of Korea and slaying around Marado to winter and spawn due to following factors. Firstly, a front of temperature and salinity is formed between inshore water and oceanic water around Marado. Secondly, small-size eddies and excellent horizontal and vortical mix which is created by strong tide and geographical features including irregular underwater ground and an isolated island. An abundant school of yellow tails stays in front of the tide where a good fishing ground was made.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2008

Reproduction of the goby fish Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus was examined using 298 specimens collected from April to October 2005 in a mud flat of Suncheon Bay, Korea. Specimens ranged in body length(BL) from 1.3 to 9.1 cm. The gonadosomatic index(GSI) of females was highest in June and decreased until August. The hepatosomatic index(HSI) and fatness index of females were high in April and then decreased to nadirs in July. Spawning season lated from April to August and the ratio of females to males did not significantly differ($x^2$-test, p>0.05). The first spawning length was 4.5 cm BL, and the size of 50% maturity was estimated at 4.98 cm BL. Fecundity(F) ranged from 1,316 to 4,768 eggs, and the relationship between F and BL was estimated as $F=0.1562BL^{1.4068}(R^2=0.59)$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

Sujeong-Dong garden heritage is a unique, valuable villa garden constructed by Gosan Yoon Sun-Do during middle Joseon period. However, the site has been faced on damage risk because of the development of near quarry. The purpose of the study is to suggest careful maintenance plan for the valuable Korean traditional garden heritage. For the plan, the study conducts the interview of residents and experts, literature review, the investigation of historical materials, site survey, and the analysis of aerial photography. The results are following: Firstly, the paper divides the site into three types of an excavation area: core, recommend and investigation. Secondly, of remained Gosan's one and remains of unknown contents, it has the plan of vegetation maintenance, safety facilities, pathway maintenance, and service area. Thirdly, it also suggests pathway plan for authentic garden promenade according to the literature of Sanjungsingok(山中新曲), site survey, and interviews with residents and experts. The study has a special meaning for an insightful approach based on the accurate site survey, research, and the consideration of practical use.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2013

The Haean basin is a unique geographical feature formed by differential erosion and it borders the military demarcation line. Recently the basin has become an interest of civilians due to security tour, highland vegetables and wetland. After the civil war, the population decreased but it has increased since 2007. The annual mean air temperature in the basin has increased with a rate of $+0.016^{\circ}C/yr$ and the annual precipitation also has increased with a rate of +10.41 mm/yr. The precipitation occurring in June~August (wet season) occupied most of the total precipitation increase. In addition, recently the number of groundwater wells and its use have gradually increased and most of them are for agriculture including cultivation of rice and highland vegetables. If the air temperature further increases in the future according to the climate change scenarios, the highland vegetables cultivation will be difficult. Furthermore, if the rainstorm in the summer will be enforced, the groundwater recharge and water management will be aggravated. Therefore, an evaluation for sustainable groundwater development in the basin and a reform of the current agriculture (change of cultivating crops) depending on much water are essentially required.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.6-19
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• 1985

Hydrographic data and daily time series of longshore wind, sea level and sea surface temperature were used in order to explain why the upwelling effect in SST is especially prominent near Ulgi-Gampo although the sea level records along the whole southeast coast show a nearly uniform upwelling-downwelling response to wind. Regional difference in intensity of the wind-induced upwelling represented by the SST decrease is attributed to the combined influence of two factors; one is the baroclinic tilting of isotherms due to the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) near the Ulgi-Gampo coast, the other is the topographic effects around the southeast coast. Baroclinic tilting effect of EKWC which is generally strongest near the coast of Ulgi to Gampo results in both of the shoaling of cold water and the westward trapping of the coldest bottom water over the shallower shelf rather than the deepest troough region off that coast regardless of the season. Therefore, becacse of the cold water ready for upwelling at the subsurface layer, SST responds very rapidly to the upwelling-favorable winds of summer only off the Ulgi-Gampo coast. Spreading isobaths from Pusan to Gempo can reinforce the upwelling of the cold bottom water and its westward trapping.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1992

It is believed that the lower cold water is formed by winter cooling in the north of the East(Japan) Sea. To examine its effect on the general circulation of the East Sea, we performed a two-layer numerical model with realistic bottom topography. First a circulation is generated by imposing only an inflow and an outflow which is then modified by adding the cooling effect in the north. The interface between the two layers rises due to cooling and propagates along the coast as internal Kelvin waves. About 7 months after the cooling starts, all coastal areas of the basin have higher elevation than that in offshore region. This induces baroclinic currents resulting in clockwise(anticlockwise) circulation in upper (lower) layer of the basin. It is concluded that the East Korean Warm Current strengthens as a result of lower cold water formation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.472-487
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of GIS-related test items of high school Korean Geography in the 7th National Education Curriculum, and to discuss some issues and challenges. First, we developed a framework for analyzing test items based on the literature review and the content analysis on the textbooks, which categorizes test items in terms of content elements and activity elements. Then, we examined test items of nation-wide tests including CSAT(College Scholastic Ability Test) carried out 2004-2012 and analyzed the percentage of correct answers as well. According to the results, there was a significant predominance of particular test item categories, and the percentage of correct answers of GIS-related items was slightly higher than whole average but it depended on the test item categories. Finally, we discussed the implications of this analysis to the tests as well as the teaching-learning process in the classroom, and suggested improvement directions such as integration of GIS with other contents, reinforcement of the inquiry-based test items, maintaining moderate difficulty.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2000

Simulation of local external forcing and its response in the rotation table experiment has been investigated. Spatially-uniform external forcings have been applied in many experimental studies, however, based on the fact that the north-south distribution of the wind-stress curl and the existence of local maximum of the sea surface heat loss in the northern part of the East Sea, new method of combined effects of local forcings has been employed in separate experiments. Carefully designed local source or sink at the bottom of the cylindrical container can produce horizontal pressure gradient within the Ekman layer, and consequently the interior also attains the same pressure gradient that produces geostrophic interior circulation. In order to keep free surface during the local-surface cooling, a side-wall cooling method is suggested. For the various type of local forcing including the effects local cooling and the periodic change of local wind-stress curl, western-boundary flow in terms of its strength, position of separation from the boundary have been observed.