• Korean Linguistics
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• v.71
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

The early 20th century is a period of time when Korea confronted with the surging waves of modernization, and made a variety of internal reactions. The Korean language, not immune to the upheaval, also experienced new changes and gradually gained characteristics of today's Korean. Although scholars have not yet fully agreed upon the time division of Korean, Gabo reformation (1896) is usually considered to be the beginning of modern Korean. Thus, the early 20th century was also the beginning of modern Korean. Phonological, lexical, and grammatical characteristics of modern day Korean began to appear during this period of time. Phonologically, the 10 vowel system was established, glottal sounds and aspirated sounds increased, vowel harmony declined. Phenomena such as vowel raising, front-vowelization, monophthongization, and the word-initial rule appeared. Meanwhile, hangul-Chinese mix writing became common practice, and hangul-only writing also started to take place in narrative writing, and elements of spoken language began to reflect in written language. All those pointed to the unification of written and spoken language. Under the influence of modernization, a great amount of new words appeared. Especially, Japanese and other foreign words flooded in in great quantities. Grammatically, '-eos-(-엇-), -neun-(-는-), -ges-(-겟-)' trichotomy system of tenses was established, and hearer-oriented honorific system also formed a binary system of 'hasoseo(하소서), hasibsio(하십시오), hao(하오), hage(하게), haera(해라)' and 'hae (해), haeyo(해요)'. In word formation and sentence construction, the use of '-gi(-기)' became more frequent than '-eum(-음)', while '~geot(~것)' also significantly increased. In negative, causative and passive expressions, the use of long form, which has fewer restrictions than the short form, became more frequent. A tendency towards simplicity appeared. In the same vain, long and complex sentences with several clauses tend to be avoided. Instead, short simple sentences became more favorable. Korean linguistics scholars should pay closer attention to the modernization period, which includes the early 20th century. In order to fully understand today's Korean language, more thorough research on this immediately preceding period is necessary.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.7-20
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• 2010

Keunsemal, Sinhang-ri, Dunpo-myeon Asan-si,Chungcheongnam-do is where the former President of Korea, Yun, Bosun was born. The houses of Yun, Il-Sun, Yun, Je-Hyung, Yun, Seung-Gu, and where the former President Yun was born are designated as cultural assets by the Korean government. The three houses of the Yuns are located in the center of the village and the size is much different from regular houses since they were created as large scale house of nobilities during the Chosun Dynasty. Along with the three Yun houses and other houses in the village show a great history and tradition of the history and modern times. Unlike other traditional village arrangement, this village was created during the end of Chosun Dynasty and extended into the modern times. From the village, you can see the changes in architecture within the 200 years from traditional Korean-style houses to modern houses. This investigation is a research / analysis of the architectural characteristics of Keunsemal, Sinhang-ri, Asan-si. People can observe changes in the different types of architectural forms of houses based on the history of Korea and time periods. Within the village, there are large scale house of nobilities which were built during the late Chosun Dynasty, common people's houses, farmhouses which were built during the modern times, common people's houses during the industrialization period, and modern houses with backyards. The village of Keunsemal, Sinhang-ri, Asan-si is a very special cultural asset for Korea because the houses in the village show a clear architectural process of change in styles of houses for Korean history.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2010

Nanosized $TiO_2$ particles were prepared by hydrothermal method from the aqueous peroxotitanate solution using the different carboxylic acids as an additives. The physical properties of prepared nanosized $TiO_2$ particles were investigated and we also examined the activity of $TiO_2$ particles as a photocatalyst on the decomposition of methylene blue. The major phase of all the prepared $TiO_2$ particles was an anatase structure regardless of carboxylic acids and a rutile peak was observed above $700^{\circ}C$. The photocatalytic activity increased with an increase of hydrocarbon number of carboxylic compounds and the highest activity was shown on the catalysts which was prepared using succinic acid as an additive and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.320-325
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• 2007

Nickel powders were prepared from an aqueous nickel acetate solution and hydrazine hydrate using diethanolamine as the nonaqueous organic solvent in the conventional and microwave synthetic method. It was investigated that microwave non-thermal effect and synthetic condition affect the preparation of nickel powders by means of X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravymetry analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Compared with the conventional synthetic method, less of aggregation, smaller particle size, and more uniform distribution of particle size were obtained in the microwave synthetic method due to the non-thermal effect of microwaves.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.611-615
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• 2013

Vanadium oxide ($VO_2$) and tungsten-doped vanadium oxide (W-$VO_2$) powder, well known as thermochromic materials, were prepared from vanadium pentoxide ($V_2O_5$) and oxalic acid dihydrate by hydrothermal and calcination process. The crystal structure and thermochromic property of samples were analyzed using FE-SEM, XRD, XPS, DSC, and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. With increasing the doping amount of W, the phase transition temperature of W-$VO_2$ sample decreased from $70^{\circ}C$ to $42^{\circ}C$. When heating W-$VO_2$ sample above the phase transition temperature, the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum was not changed in the visible range and shifted towards a low transparency in the full name (NIR) region.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2002

Rhetoric, simply defined, is the art of persuasion. Gui Bonsiepe, Robin Kinross, Hanno, Ehses and Richard Buchanan have all spoken of rhetoric as an element of the theory of design. St. Joost Academy in the Netherlands has tried to present the theory and practice of a new kind of designing based on rhetoric since 1995. Post-St Joost was the name of the experimental graduate programme. They adopted visual rhetoric as a matrix for setting up a new type of exercise and assignment in design education. In this paper, 1 have tried to show that rhetorical approach can play an important role in the development of a view of design as a discipline in its own right. The first chapter looks at the brief history of rhetoric in western culture. And the following chapter focuses on the development of design rhetoric and visual rhetoric in the twentieth century. 1 hope this essay will contribute to find the designerly way of knowing, thinking and doing.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.691-696
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• 2011

Organic-inorganic hybrid coating solutions were prepared by using a sol-gel method for transparent film. In this study, colloidal silica (CS) and alkoxy silane such as vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), and [3-(methacryloyloxy)]propyltri methoxy silane (MAPTMS) were used in various conditions such as types of organic silane, weight ratios of CS to silane and reaction times. Coating solutions which were bar coated on the PET (polyethyleneterephthalate) film and cured were investigated on the chemical and physical properties. The pencil hardness and adhesion of coating films were increased with increasing the organic silane content in the coating solution compared to that of PMMA (polymethamethylcrylate) coating solution.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.589-612
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• 2019

Korea has undergone rapid modernization and globalization process in the last few decades. The purpose of this study is to explore how shifting traditional values are impacting Korean elderlies and their perceptions of aging experience. In order to understand how changing social and cultural practices are affecting older adults, the similarities and differences among Korean elderlies living in three different geographical locations are examined in a multidimensional comparative framework. Life story interviews were conducted with 30 Korean elderlies (10 urban residents in Korea, 10 rural residents in Korea, and 10 residents in the US). Paying attention to within-group variation, this study particularly focused on analyzing the psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual experiences that made lives meaningful and resilient in old age in spite of physical decline. Based on analysis of narrative, the following major areas were identified as having positive or negative influence on aging experiences: physical health, emotional health, family relationship, work, leisure/social activity, and spirituality. Common themes of aging well across all settings included: "life not indebted to their offspring," "physical and mental health," and "dying well." Spirituality played a critical role in cultivating perspectives on life and accepting aging process, which were rooted in specific religious traditions participants identified (e.g., Christianity or Buddhism). Interesting differences in the meaning of work and leisure were also found between elderlies residing in Korea and the US immigrant context. One unique factor continuing to negatively affect Korean elderly in rural community was related to shame of not obtaining higher education. Implications for future research are also addressed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

The Seoul metropolitan government announced an open design competition for reconfiguring the annex building of the National Tax Service Building site on Sejong-daero as a space for citizens to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Korea's liberation. The site, built during the Japanese colonial period, has been in use ever since. This study, as one of the entries for the competition, described the strategy and design contents by drawing the concept and main points of the design through an analysis of the historical context of the site. As the guidelines instructed to consider the value of the Sejong-daero area and the cultural heritage through a comprehensive analysis, this study specified the site as a place connecting the past, present and future. Since the foundation of the Joseon dynasty, the Korean Empire and the Japanese colonial period, Sejong-daero has been a main site for important events and activities along with the change of the city structure. Jungdong, to the rear of the site, was a place for adopting new culture during the beginnings of modern Korea, while adjacent places like Duksugung, the Anglican church, and the Seoul City Council building have also been historic urban landscapes of the historical layers of time as the city has changed. When Gojong announced the Korean Empire, the city structure was remodeled with this site as the center along with Sogong-ro, Wongudan and so forth. In this study, public interest stated in the guidelines was focused and the relevance of the road and the plaza was considered from the view of an historic urban landscape by a comprehensive analysis with Sejong-daero as the center. The restoration of public interest was to be drawn as the concept of the object site by considering the current status and the change around the site and Jungdong at the rear. Returning the site to the public is ambiguous with the relevance of the restoration of public interest and as the symbol of the idea of the Korean Empire by Gojong's announcement. The object site, having the characteristic of being returned to the public, must ensure public interest and therefore the design strategy has been established with the keywords of openness, connection and void. As a result of a review of the alternatives, a plan for a square has an 8% slope, just as the original site does, and provides ramps for convenient access for all, including the disabled and the elderly, and is connected to the grounds adjacent. No construction is allowed at the terrace square of the Anglican church level and the main square connected to the pedestrian street, so a variety of modern city utilization can be done. The value of the site at which this design is aimed shall be given back to the public with the concepts of modern democracy, independence, and the vision of Gojong by reinterpreting the space from a modern viewpoint. This study focused on the processes of establishing a main concept and strategy rather than the content of the design details, and the suggestion is meaningful in that the design for the object site with historic backgrounds and the layers of time can continue to be grown.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2017

근대적 기상관측이 시작된 1905년 이후 우리나라의 연평균 강수량은 증가하고 있으나 강수량 변동폭 또한 커지면서 최갈수 기간의 영향을 받는 댐 등 대규모 수공구조물의 용수공급능력은 감소되고 있다. 또한 지역별 강수량과 인구 편차로 공간적으로 이용 가능한 수자원의 불균형이 발생하고 있어 지역적인 물 공급의 안정성과 형평성은 여전히 취약한 상황이다. 하지만 사회적 공감대 형성이 쉽지 않은 대규모 수자원개발 추진은 어려운 여건이며 국민들의 안전하고 맑은 물에 대한 수요 또한 지속적으로 증대되고 있어 이를 해소하기 위한 다각적인 대책 마련이 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 기 확보된 수자원의 효율적이고 공평한 활용을 위해 국내 용수공급의 중추적인 역할을 담당하고 있는 댐을 대상으로 댐간 연결을 통한 용수공급 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 소양강댐, 충주댐 등 다목적댐 16개 및 광동댐, 영천댐 등 용수댐 12개 총 28개댐의 용수공급능력 평가와 장래 용수수요량 조사를 실시하였으며 장래 용수부족 지역 해소를 위한 상시공급과 극한가뭄 등 재난 대처를 위한 비상시공급 방안을 검토하였다. 상시공급은 댐 용수공급능력 평가를 통하여 기본계획공급량 대비 여유수량을 갖는 댐에서 장래 용수수요 증가, 용수공급능력 감소 등으로 공급 용수가 부족한 인근 댐으로 공급하는 방식이며 용수 공급량은 저수지 모의운영을 통하여 양댐의 이수안전도(분석 기간중 1회에 한하여 물 부족 허용)를 충족시키는 수량을 산정하였다. 비상시공급은 타수계 및 근거리간 연결, 가뭄 예상지역을 기준으로 대상 댐을 검토하였으며 용수 공급량은 공급댐의 유지용수와 관개용수를 이용하여 공급받는 댐의 생 공용수 20% 공급가능시 공급량으로 산정하였다. 검토 결과 상시공급은 소양강댐에서 횡성댐으로 86천$m^3$/일, 장흥댐에서 주암본댐으로 127천$m^3$/일, 남강댐에서 수어댐으로 $140m^3$/일, 비상시 공급은 충주댐과 대청댐, 충주댐과 안동댐간 각각 500천$m^3$/일 공급을 통하여 장래 용수부족 지역의 물 부족 해소와 극한가뭄 등 비상상황의 대처가 가능한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 기후변화와 사회가치적으로 변화하고 있는 수자원 환경에 능동적으로 대처하기 위한 대책의 일환으로 고안된 것이며, 향후 유역간 물 이동에 따른 현행 수리권제도 및 어류, 수질변화에 따른 환경영향 등에 대하여 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.