• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.264-272
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• 1983

In order to investigate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growing female and male rats, Sprague-Dawley 90 female rats and 54 male rats of 3 weeks old weighing approximately 70-80g and 54-75g, respectively, were subjected feeding trials for 8 weeks and then subsequently to metabolic trials for 2 weeks. Three dietary energy levels(3,200, 3,600, 4,000 kcal/kg) were employed and each energy level contained three protein levels (15, 25, 35% of 3600 kcal ME/kg) and three rat levels (10, 20, 40% of 3,600 kcal ME/kg) by addition of an appropriate amount of carbohydrate and the following result were obtained. As the protein level was increasing, digestibilities of dry matter and carbohydrate tended to decrease whereas that of protein was slightly increasing. On the other hand, digestibility of fat was always very high regardless of the level of protein but that tended to be slightly improved as the level of energy or rat increased. The digestibilities of female and male rats tended to be same. The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate were 83%, 90%, 96% and 93%, respectively, and they were neither affected by protein and energy levels nor observed differently depending upon the sex. Nitrogen retention of female and male rats were best for LPHE ration. In other words, both nitrogen retention was improved as the level of energy increased and the level of protein decreased. The gross energy intake was high at low protein level in female rats and at medium protein level in male rats. That tended to decrease as the level of energy increased in female rats whereas that was not affected by the level of energy in male rats. The metabolic energy efficiency was highest for LPHE ration in female rats and for LPME ration in male rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1271-1278
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• 2007

In this study, the ability of Styela clava or Styela plicata to reduce ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity and hepatic and leucocytic DNA damages was evaluated. Twenty four male SD rats were given 25% ethanol containing water (ad lib, p.o.) and divided into 3 groups; ethanol treated control group (EtOH), ethano1+3% S. clava (EtOH+SC), and ethano1+3% S. plicata (EtOH+SP). After 6 weeks, the supplementation of S. clava reduced the plasma ALT, ALP and LDH activities significantly (p<0.05), while S. plicata induced significant decrease in the plasma LDH activity only. The comet assay was employed to quantify the alcohol-induced DNA damage in rat hepatocytes and leucocytes. A significant protective effect on hepatic and leucocytic DNA damages was observed in S. clava or S. plicata supplemented groups compared to the EtOH control group. The hepatic DNA damage was correlated positively with plasma ALP and LDH activities. These results demonstrated that S. clava or S. plicata supplementation protected alcohol-induced hepatic and leucocytic DNA damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1263-1270
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of green tea product (GTP) on the risk factors of atherosclerosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Sprague-Dewley female rats (10 weeks) weighing approximately $279{\pm}2g$ were divided into 4 groups: sham operated control group treated with high cholesterol diet (Sham-C), OVX control group treated with high cholesterol diet (OVX-C), OVX-G 5% group treated with high cholesterol containing 5% GTP and OVX-G 20% group treated with high cholesterol diet containing 20% GTP. Serum TG concentrations was lower in OVX-G 20% group than in the OVX-C group, whereas ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol (%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the 20% GTP supplementation group than in the Sham-C and OVX-C groups. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the OVX-G 20% group. Hepatic TG levels were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in OVX-G 20% group than in the other groups. Glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities including glutathione-reductase and Mn-superoxide dismutase in liver were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the OVX-G 20% group in the OVX-C group. Fecal total cholesterol concentrations were increased in the GTP supplementation groups than in the OVX-C group. From the above results, it is concluded that GTP may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis via hypolipidemic action. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the hyperlipemia in menopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of Yukwa added with 'Donganme' sorghum bran powder and its extracts. 'Donganme' variety has the highest antioxidant activity among sorghum varieties in Korea. The added contents of sorghum bran to Yukwa were 1% and 5% bran powder of 'Donganme' (BPD 1% and 5%) as well as 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% bran powder extracts of 'Donganme' (BED 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%). The contents of protein, ash, and minerals of BPD 1% and 5% added Yukwa were higher compared to non-added and BED 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% added Yukwa. The contents of flavonoids of BPD 1% and 5% as well as BED 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% added Yukwa increased by 1.6~17.1 fold, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased by 1.8~7.4 fold and 2.3~13.6 fold, respectively, compared to non-added Yukwa. Yukwa added with BED 1% showed the highest antioxidant activity among the treatments, followed by BPD 5%, BED 0.5%, BPD 1%, and BED 0.1% added Yukwa. The expansion ratios of BPD 5% and BED 1% added Yukwa remarkably decreased compared to those of non-added and other treatments. The sensory evaluation values corroborated the results of the Yukwa expansion ratio. The acid values of Yukwa under high temperature storage ($60{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) increased rapidly after 20 days in all treatments, and those of BPD 5% and 1% added Yukwa increased slowly compared to non-added Yukwa. ABTS radical scavenging activities of Yukwa showed little change during storage in all treatments. As a results, addition of sorghum bran below BPD 1% and BED 0.5% was suitable for antioxidant activity, quality characteristics and sensory evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2017

This study was carried out to analyze the antioxidant components and activities of cooked mixed grain rice-added foxtail millet with different addition rates (5, 10, 15, and 20%) and cooking methods. The two foxtail millet varieties used in this study were non-waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdame', and waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdachal'. Cooked mixed grain rice-added foxtail millet was cooked by general and high pressure cooking methods with and without fermented alcohol. Except for breakdown viscosity, pasting characteristics of foxtail millet were reduced with increasing amounts of foxtail millet. Water-binding capacity and swelling power significantly decreased with increasing amounts of foxtail millet, whereas water solubility index significantly increased. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased with increasing amounts of foxtail millet. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities also increased with increasing amounts of foxtail millet. Moreover, foxtail millet cooked by general cooking method with fermented alcohol showed higher antioxidant effect compared to other cooking methods. In this study, antioxidant components and activities of cooked mixed grain rice-added foxtail millet with different addition rates and cooking methods can be used as basic data for manufacturing processed products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.519-525
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• 2012

Effects of cultivated conditions on antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) were determined. The cultivated variety was Shinyulmi, and they were cultivated in a conventional culture, successful cropped hairy vetch culture, successful cropped barley cultivation, successful cropped rye cultivation, successful cropped mix-seeding of hairy vetch and barley, successful cropped mix-seeding of hairy vetch and rye, and not fertilizer. The brix degree, moisture, protein, and ash content of the sweet potatoes did not significantly change with the cultivated conditions. However amylose, total dietary fiber, and mineral content had significant changes. The total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin content of the methanolic extracts of the sweet potato's pericarp showed significant differences from cultivated conditions, however, the sweet potato's sarcocarp did not significantly change. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the methanolic extracts of the sweet potatoes were 958.81 and 663.53 mg TE/100 g in the sweet potato's pericarp on the successful cropped hairy vetch culture. Generally, there was a difference in antioxidant compound content and radical scavenging activity on the methanolic extract of sweet potato with cultivated conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1128-1135
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• 2011

Changes in the chemical components of three cereals, foxtail millet, proso millet, and sorghum, during germination were determined. The crude protein contents of the three cereals did not significantly change during germination, whereas the contents of total dietary fiber of the three cereals increased during germination. The contents of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of Whanggeum-cho (347.4 ${\mu}g/g$), Chongcha-cho (336.5 ${\mu}g/g$), Bulgeun-gijang (347.4 ${\mu}g/g$), Noranchal-gijang (344.9 ${\mu}g/g$), Whanggeumchal-susu (410.4 ${\mu}g/g$), and Whinchal-susu (444.0 ${\mu}g/g$) increased after 24, 24, 84, 36, 48, and 72 hr of germination, respectively, and then sharply decreased. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannin in foxtail millet, proso millet, and Whinchal-susu tended to increase during germination. However, the total phenolic content of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased by 48 hr of germination and then considerably increased, whereas the total flavonoid content of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased during germination. Total tannin content of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased by 36 hr of germination and then slowly increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased by 36 hr of germination and then remained constant, whereas those of other cereals did not greatly change during germination. These results indicate that there are some differences in the chemical components of three cereals during germination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1121-1127
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• 2011

We evaluated the quality characteristics of adzuki bean sediment according to variety. The moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of the various adzuki bean varieties were 8.2~11.1, 15.4~20.6 and 3.3~3.6 g/100 g, respectively. The potassium contents of Chilbo-pat (CB) and Hongeon-pat (HE) were 875.1 and 873.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The calcium contents of Jungbu-pat (JB) and Kumsil-pat (KS)were 73.6 and 73.2 mg/100 g, respectively. A high level of magnesium (131.4 mg/100 g) was found in Yeonkeum-pat (YK). The yields of adzuki bean sediment according to variety were no different either wet (188.3~204.7%) or dry (62.1~66.0%). The L-values on sediment of YK and KS were 67.0 and 68.0, respectively; however, the CB L-value was low at 54.0. A high level of a- (6.6) and b-value (12.8) was found in YK; however, the values for CB were much lower at 3.8 and 5.9, respectively. There was no difference in particle-size distribution, water binding capacity, and solubility of adzuki bean sediment according to variety. High levels of peak (3.79 RVU), trough (3.75 RVU), final (7.33 RVU), and setback viscosity (3.54 RVU) were found in JB. The sensory properties of products in food processing are important, and the variety of adzuki bean sediment should be chosen depending on desired product characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of cultivating tea plants planted in the mountain area of west Gyeongnam province, Korea for 2 years from March 27th, 2001 to July 30th 2003. Ninety each plants collected from 5 different sife were cultivated in nursery cup pot$(\phi\;16cm)$. in the greenhouse condition and transplanted in 5 different location and monitored their survival growing state etc. The results obtained are as follow : 1. Survival rate tea plants after transfer to soil was relatively high Gaya-myeon Hanyang-gun with $90.0\%$ and the lowest in Buksang-meyon Geochang-gun with $80.0\%$. The tea plant collected from Gaya-myeon showed the best growing activity at early stage. 2. For the second year of harvesting time, survival rate was the highest in Machun-myeon Hamyang-gun with $92.2\%$ and the lowest was Buksang-myeon Geochang-gun with $76.7\%$. 3. For the 3rd year of harvesting time, it was impossible to data collection because of the most upper parts of plants were killed by severe freezing weather condition. In the Baekjeon-myeon, Hamyang-gun Buksang-myeon, Ungyang-myeon Geochang-gun, which are severly cold$(below\;-10^{\circ}C)$ in winter season, seems not a suitable places for tea plant cultivation since it is very different to harvest the young loaves in growing season. In conclnsion we could select two sites Gaya-myeon, Hapcheon-gun, Machun-myeon, Hamyang-gun, as tea plant cultivation in the mountain area of west-Gyeongnam province, korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.636-641
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• 2005

Mulberry leaves, high in dietary fiber and some nutritional materials, are thought to have hypocholesterolemic effect. Therefore, effect of mulberry leaf powder on serum lipid profiles were studied using rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93 diet (control group), and diets containing high-cholesterol and 0% mulberry leaves powder, high-cholesterol and 5% mulberry leaves powder, and high-cholesterol and 10% mulberry leaves powder for 4 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets except in control group. Although no differences were observed in food intake and initial body weight among groups, mulberry leaf treatment resulted in significant decreases in food efficiency ratio and body weight gain. Mulberry leaf treatment decreased serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum aspartate transaminase, and liver lipid levels. High density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, and fecal lipid levels increased, suggesting mulberry leaves could improve hyperlipidemia and liver action, thereby proventing cardiovascular disease.