• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.338-351
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: To investigate distribution and seasonal variation of concentration and flux of pesticides in Han river basin, water samples were examined at 24 sites in 2012 and 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS: Water samples were collected four times per year and subjected to liquid-liquid partition extraction followed by GC-ECD/NPD analysis. Of fifteen pesticides detected, iprobenfos, diazinon, isoprothiolane, endosulfan sulfate and oxadiazon were detected in a higher frequency, while fenoxanil, carbofuran, fenitrothion, butachlor and metolachlor were only detected in a sample. Pesticides with high occurrences, iprobenfos, diazinon, isoprothiolane, endosulfan sulfate and oxadiazon were detected in residue level of 0.01-0.46, 0.01-0.24, 0.03-0.85, 0.02-0.06 and 0.05-0.24 ㎍/L, respectively. Carbofuran and acetanilide herbicides were found at lower frequencies, but their concentrations were one order of magnitude higher than those of the others. CONCLUSION: Discharge of pesticides in downstream area were mainly contributed from rice farming and suburban horticulture, while pesticide occurrences in upstream area, such as Donggang river basin were caused by highland agriculture for cabbage and potato production. Despite the influx of pesticides from tributaries through intensive agriculture areas, pesticide concentration in the main stream water was low due to the dilution effect from the upstream. Therefore, the water quality was considered to be good at the most downstream, the effluent of Paldang dam.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

A correlation analysis between raw water turbidity at two wide-area water treatment plants and hydrological data was conducted for efficient water supply, design and management of water treatment plant. Both correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted using hydrological time series data such as inflow discharge, outflow discharge, and rainfall at dam basin of intake station of wide-area water treatment plants. And, forecasting of change in turbidity was conducted using regression equation for turbidity prediction. The raw water turbidity of two water treatment plants was strongly related to time series of discharge. The raw water turbidity of Chungju water treatment plant is strongly related to outflow discharge at Chungju dam (0.708). Whereas, the raw water turbidity of Wabu water treatment plant is strongly related to inflow discharge at Paldang dam (0.805). Similar trends between turbidity forecasting result using regression equation and calculation result using estimation equation on Korea water supply facilities standard were obtained. The result of this study can provide basic data for construction and management of water treatment plant.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.437-446
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• 2022

In April 2020, the Korean government decided to operate the Hwacheon reservoir, a hydropower reservoir to supply water, and it is currently under pilot operation. Through the pilot operation, the Hwacheon reservoir is the first among the hydropower reservoirs in Korea to make a constant release for downstream water supply. In this study, the water supply capacity of the Hwacheon reservoir was estimated using the inflow data of the Hwacheon reservoir. A simulation model was developed to calculate the water supply that satisfies both the monthly water supply reliability of 95% and the annual water supply reliability of 95%. An optimization model was also developed to evaluate the water supply capacity of the Hwacheon reservoir. The inflow data used as input data for the model was modified in two ways in consideration of the impact of the Imnam reservoir. Calculating the water supply for the Hwacheon reservoir using the two modified inflows is as follows. The water supply that satisfies 95% of the monthly water supply reliability is 26.9 m³/sec and 24.1 m³/sec. And the water supply that satisfies 95% of the annual water supply reliability is 23.9 m³/sec and 22.2 m³/sec. Hwacheon reservoir has a maximum annual water supply of 777 MCM (Million Cubic Meter) without failure in the water supply. The Hwacheon reservoir can supply 704 MCM of water per year, considering the past monthly power generation and discharge patterns. If the Hwacheon reservoir performs a routine operation utilizing its water supply capacity, it can contribute to stabilizing the water supply during dry seasons in the Han River Basin.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.531-543
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• 2022

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has focused on efficient response to various water related disasters by climate change. In particular, more flexible usage of conventional water resources infrastructures is expected to provide an eco-friendly water management. Multi-purpose dams and water supply dams are well known as water management facilities for securing and supplying water in drought season. Recently, based on the report '2021 multi-purpose use of hydropower dams in Han river', contribution of hydropower dams on water resources management is becoming more significant beyond the traditional role of hydropower generation. In drought conditions, the dams control water supply depending on the pre-defined drought stages. In the case of multi-purpose dams, an operation standard during drought has been already prepared and applied; however, for the hydropower dams, specific standards are not fully prepared yet in South Korea. In this study, a method for calculation of standard water storage and discharge reduction of hydropower dams according to drought stage is newly proposed reflecting the characteristics of hydropower dams. The proposed method was applied to the hydropower dams in Han river, where six hydropower dams are located. A case study of the historical droughts occurred in 2014-2017 demonstrated that the proposed hydropower dam operation rule could improve the water supply stability under severe drought conditions compared to the conventional operations. In the future, the role of hydropower dams for water resources management is expected to become more important, and this study can be widely used for water supply planning such as drought response using hydropower dams.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.775-779
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• 2009

최근 이상기후 및 국지성 돌발호우 등 여러 가지 형태의 예기치 못한 기상이변으로 인하여 매년 수재해는 빈번히 발생하고 있으며, 이를 위해 하천에서 실시간으로 신속하고 안정성있는 수리학적 하도추적모형의 구축은 지속적으로 연구해야 할 사항이다. 현재 주요 수계 홍수통제소에서는 홍수예보를 위해 주로 수리학적 및 수문학적 모형이 병행되어 적용되고 있으나, 한강과 금강하류를 제외한 나머지 수계에서는 아직까지 개념적 수문학적 모형만을 이용하여 홍수예보를 수행하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 신속하고 안정적인 수문학적 모형이 가지고 있는 몇가지 장점에도 불구하고, 실시간 분석 및 신속한 상황대처를 위해서는 정교한 하천흐름해석 기술인 수리학적분석이 반드시 필요하다. 그러나, 대부분의 모형운영자가 직면하게 되는 수리학적 하도추적모형에서 발생하는 수치적 불안정성인 발산의 문제점은 상당한 어려움으로 작용하고 있다. 이는 다양한 원인들이 있을 수 있으나, 대표적으로 단면의 불규칙성을 고려할 수 있다. 실제단면들을 모형에 반영할 때 수치계산의 과정 중에 급확대/급축소/특이단면에 따른 잦은 발산이 발생하게 되며, 이를 방지하기 위해서 단면의 보간 및 평활화 작업 등을 수행하게 된다. 이때 단면의 형상을 최대한 반영한 보간 및 평활화 작업이 되지 않으면, 물리적 개념이 무시된 비합리적인 계산이 수행될 수 있다. 발산의 요인을 제거한 최적의 단면형태를 선정하는 것은 모형의 안정성을 확보하는 데 중요한 요인이 된다. 또한 모형수행에 있어 발산의 요인으로서 하구와 만나게 되는 지점에서의 경계조건으로서 조위영향이 있다. 수리학적 하도추적모형의 중요한 요인인 하구에서의 흐름을 조위와 연계하여 가장 합리적인 하류 경계조건을 제시하는 것이 모형의 발산 방지 및 정확도를 향상시키는데 중요한 인자로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 수리학적 하도추적모형의 안정성 검증을 위하여, 아직까지 수리학적 하도추적모형이 구축되어 있지 않는, 금강상류구간인 용담댐$^{\sim}$대청댐구간을 설정하여 수리학적 모형의 입력자료를 구축하고, 그에 따른 영향검토를 지속적으로 추진할 계획이다. 대상구간에서 향후 검증될 다양한 수리학적 안정화 기술은 향후 타 수계에서 적용시, 신속하고 합리적인 입력자료 구축에 많은 도움을 줄것이며, 현재 하천에서 발생하는 계산의 불안정성을 빠르게 수정하는 것이 가능하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.50-65
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• 2021

In this study, the water flow system by measuring the flow-way type and distance of flow path that composes the Gugok through literature survey, field survey, and map work on Gugok gardens in Korea whose existence has been confirmed, while investigating and analyzing watersheds, river orders, and river grades. It was intended to reveal the watershed distribution and stream morphological characteristics of the Gugok gardens and to use them as basic data for future enjoyment and conservation of the Gugok gardens. The conclusion of the study is as follows. First, Of the 93 Gugok gardens that have been confirmed to exist, it was found that 11 places(11.8%) were found to have a descending(top-down) type of Gugok that develops while descending along a stream. Second, As a result of analysis of the length of the flow path for each valley, Okryudonggugok(玉流洞九曲, Namsan-gugok) in Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do was found to have the shortest length of 0.44km among the surveyed valleys, while the flow distance of Muheulgugok(武屹九曲) located in Seongju-gun and Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do was 31.1km, showing the longest flowing distance. The average flow path length of the Gugok Garden in Korea was 6.24km, and the standard deviation was 4.63km, indicating that the deviation between the 'curved type'e and the 'valley type' was severe. In addition, 14(15.1%) Gugok gardens were found to be partially submerged due to dam construction. Third, As a result of analyzing the waters area where Gugok garden is located, the number of Nakdong river basins was much higher at 52 sites(55.9%), followed by the Hangang river basin at 27 sites(28.7%), the Geum river basin at 9 sites(9.7%), and the Yeongsan river and Seomjin river basins at 5(5.4%). Fourth, All Gugok gardens located in the Han river region were classified as the Han river system, and the Gugok garden located on the Nakdong river was classified as the main Nakdong river system, except for 7 places including 5 places in the Nakdong Gangnam Sea water system and 2 places in the Nakdong Gangdong sea water system. As a result of synthesizing the river order of the flow path where Gugok garden is located, Gugok, which uses the main stream as the base of Gugok, is 3 places in the Hangang water system, 5 places in the Nakdong river system, 2 places in the Geumgang water system, and 1 place in the Yeongsangam/Seomjin river system. A total of 11 locations(11.5%) were found, including 36 locations(38.2%) in the first branch, 29 locations(31.2%) in the second branch, and 16 locations(17.0%) in the third branch. And Gugok garden, located on the 4th tributary, was found to be Taehwa Five-gok(太華五曲) set in Yonghwacheon Stream in Cheorwon in the Han river system, and Hoenggyegok(橫溪九曲) in Yeongcheon Hoenggye Stream in the Nakdong river system. Fifth, As a result of the river grade analysis of the rivers located in the Gugok garden Forest, the grades of the rivers located in the Gugok garden were 13 national rivers(14.0%), 7 local first-class rivers(7.5%), and 74 local second-class rivers(78.5%) was shown.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.23-26
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• 2009

효과적인 저수지 운영을 위해 가장 중요한 절차는 저수지 유입량을 적절하게 모의하는 것이다. 실시간 저수지 운영의 경우 기존의 물리적인 강우-유출현상에 기초한 수학적인 모형을 이용해서 유입량을 예측하는데 한계가 있으므로 인공신경망과 같이 자료의 특성에 기반한 모형이 효율적인 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공신경망(Artificial neural network, ANN)을 이용하여 실시간 저수지 운영을 위해 현재시간을 기준으로 3시간 후, 6시간 후, 9시간 후, 12시간 후의 유입량을 예측하였다. 본 연구의 대상지역은 한강수계의 화천댐 유역으로 기상청 수치예보자료인 RDAPS(Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System)자료 중에서 강우예측자료를 사용하였다. RDAPS 강우예측자료를 이용한 예측값 결과와 비교하기 위해 지점 강우자료를 사용하였으며, 이 지점 강우자료는 화천댐 유역에 있는 AWS, 기상청, 국토해양부의 지점자료을 이용하였다. RDAPS 강우예측값만을 이용한 유입량 예측결과가 과거 12시간 강우 누적값을 이용한 유입량 예측값과 비슷한 정확도를 가지는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 자료의 효율적인 취득을 고려해야만 하는 실시간 운영의 경우, RDAPS 강우예측자료와 인공신경망을 이용한 모형이 충분히 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.361-366
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• 1994

저수지 운영방안 정책결정에 있어 보다 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 방법론의 개발이 여러측면에서 이루어져 왔다. 이중 동적계획기법의 Explicit 및 Implicit 해에 의한 최적운영방안의 검토가 한강수계의 충주댐을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 이들 방법은 한정된 과거 기록치로부터 합성유량을 발생하여 동적계획기법에 의한 충주댐 최적 운영모형에 적용하여 얻어진 상태변수 및 결정변수의 상관관계를 기준으로 도출한 운영율에 기초하여 모의운영모형을 개발할 수 있다. 개발된 모형중 Explicit 기법은 조건확율에 따른 전단계의 이산화된 유입량 조건별 운영단계의 월초저류량을 기준으로 월말 저류량은 결정하는 방법이며, Implicit 기법은 전단계 저류량 및 유입량, 운영단계 저류량 및 유입량을 대상으로 조합에 의한 회귀분석후 상관성이 우수한 운영율 방정식을 개발하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이렇게 개발된 두가지 운영율을 기준으로 다목적 운영정책 결정을 위한 저수지 모의운영 모형을 개발하여 모형의 이행도를 평가하였다. Explicit 및 Implicit 기법에 기초한 모의모형의 평가방법은 모의치와 과거 운영실적을 비교하는 것으로 하고 Explicit 기법의 적용에서 홍수기 수문사상의 불확실성에 따른 저수지 운영 효율개선을 위하여 수정 방류량 결정방법을 도입하여 가장 적절한 저수지 운영모의모형 개발방법을 제시하고 있다.

• Water for future
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 1985

To develop a simulation strategy of multi-reservoir operation in flood season, the single dam operations methed for the Chungju dam are investigated in the Han river basin. Thus, spillway rule curve, rigid ROM, and linear decision rules are applied for control operations, subject to the restrictions imposed by the river and the reservoir characteristics. The storage and release and control/utility efficiencies for several floods are calculated. The variation of control coefficients with respect to the return period are also examined. As the results of this comparative study, the optimal operation method can be selected in terms of the magnitude of flood. With inflow forecasting, the flood control operation can be greatly improved by variable coefficients rigid ROM and linear decision rules.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.515-529
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• 2022

Identifying the available water resources amount is an essential process in establishing a sustainable water resources management plan. Dam facility is a major infrastructure storing and supplying water during the dry season, and the water supply yield of the dam varies depending on dam inflow conditions or operation rule. In South Korea, water supply yield of dam is calculated by reservoir simulation based on observed historical dam inflow data. However, the water supply capacity of a dam can be underestimated or overestimated depending on the existence of historical drought events during the simulation period. In this study, probabilistic inflow data was generated and used to estimate the appropriate range of the water supply yield of hydropower dams. That is, a method for estimating the probabilistic dam inflow that fluctuates according to climatic and socio-economic conditions and the range of water supply yield for hydropower dams was presented, and applied to hydropower dams located in the Han river in South Korea. It is expected that the understanding water supply yield of the hydropower dams will become more important to respond to climate change in the future, and this study will contribute to national water resources management planning by providing potential range of water supply yield of hydropower dams.