• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2015

In this work, we present a novel fountain code-based hybrid P2P storage system that combines cloud storage with P2P storage. The proposed hybrid storage system minimizes data transmission time while guaranteeing high data retrieval and data privacy. In order to guarantee data privacy and storage efficiency, the user transmits encoded data after performing fountain code-based encoding. Also, the proposed algorithm guarantees the user's data retrieval by storing the data while considering each peer's survival probability. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enables fast completion of the upload transmission while satisfying the required data retrieval and supporting the privacy of user data under the system parameters.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

This paper describes the design and implementation of video conference system using hybrid type P2P(Peer to Peer). The proposed video conference system has hybrid type P2P architecture based on a client-server and P2P(Peer to Peer), where client-server is used for exchange of account management, client list and status information and P2P is used for the real time video conference. The proposed video conference system decreases the traffic of server, and cuts down the load of a network. Because the multimedia data is decentralized to client by P2P. Also, this system is tested by the multi-party video conference system using communication protocol and application software through high speed networks.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.540-544
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• 2006

사용자가 자료를 직접 송수신하기 위한 P2P 네트워크 환경에는 하이브리드 P2P 네트워크 환경과 순수 P2P 네트워크 환경이 있다. 하이브리드 P2P 네트워크 환경에서 모든 피어들은 서버에 연결되어 있기 때문에, 피어들 간 메시지를 전달할 수 없는 네트워크 고립 상태가 발생되지 않는다. 그러나 순수 P2P 네트워크 환경에서 각 피어들은 서버 없이 서로 직접 연결하여 다른 피어로부터 서비스를 제공받기 때문에, 각 피어들 간의 통신을 중재하는 특정 피어가 종료할 경우 대상 피어들과의 통신이 단절되는 네트워크 고립 현상이 발생될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 각 피어들로 하여금 인접한 피어로부터 IP 주소를 얻어 목록으로 관리하게 함으로써, 연결된 피어가 종료할 경우 목록으로 유지된 IP 주소로 연결하여 네트워크 그룹에 지속적으로 참여할 수 있게 하는 기법을 연구하였다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

Today's massively multiplayer online games(MMOGs) can contain millions of synchronous players scattered across the world and participating with each other within a single shared game. The increase in the number of players in MMOGs has led to some issues with the demand of server which generates a significant increase in costs for the game industry and impacts to the quality of service offered to players. In dealing with a considerable scale of MMOGs, we propose a cloud computing and peer-to-peer(P2P) hybrid architecture in this paper. Given the two nearly independent functionalities of P2P and cloud architectures, we consider the possibility of fusing these two concepts and researching the application of the resultant amalgamation in MMOGs. With an efficient and effective provisioning of resources and mapping of load, the proposed hybrid architecture relieves a lot of computational power and network traffic, the load on the servers in the cloud while exploiting the capacity of the peers. The simulation results show that MMOGs based on the proposed hybrid architecture have better performance and lower traffic received compared with MMOGs based on traditional client-server system.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.204-212
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• 2011

Mobile P2P(Peer-to-Peer) protocols in MANET(mobile ad-hoc networks) have gained much attention recently. Existing P2P protocols can be categorized into structured and unstructured ones. In MANET, structured P2P protocols show large control traffic because they does not consider the locality of P2P data and unstructured P2P protocols have a scalability problem with respect to the number of nodes. Hybrid P2P protocols combine advantages of the structured and unstructured P2P protocols. Cluster-based P2P protocol is one of the hybrid P2P protocols. Our study makes an analysis of the cluster-based P2P protocol and derives the optimal cluster formation in MANET. In the derived optimal cluster formation, the cluster-based P2P protocol shows better performance than Gnutella protocol with respect to control traffic.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

In a hybrid architecture that combines the technological advantages of P2P(peer-to-peer) and cloud computing, it is possible to efficiently supply resources and allocate loads. In other words, by appropriately utilizing the processing power of the players constituting P2P as well as the server in the cloud computing environment, MMOG(Massively Multiplayer Online Game) can be configured that considers the scale of economic cost and service quality. In fact, the computing power and communication bandwidth of servers in the cloud are important demand-based resources. The more it is used when renting, the higher the cost, while the quality of service improves. On the other hand, if the player's processing power is utilized a lot, the quality of service deteriorates relatively while the economic cost decreases. In this paper, a bandwidth adjustment technique between servers and players for MMOG based on this hybrid structure is described. When the number of players running at the same time increases, the players' actions are appropriately distributed to servers and players to effectively utilize the server's computing power and communication volume. Simulation results show that in the MMOG based on cloud and P2P hybrid architecture, the bandwidth of the server is proportionally decreased as the bandwidth directly handled by players is increased.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.481-491
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a hybrid P2P overlay structure for live media streaming. The proposed structure consists of the mesh overlay organized by peers according to the geographical proximity and similar bandwidth range and the tree overlay formed by the peers for which the stability of participation is approved. The proposed scheme enhances the robustness of tree overlay and the long delay of mesh overlay by intelligently combining the utilization of the tree overlay and the mesh overlay. Furthermore, the peers with a large up-link bandwidth are located near to the media source peer. Therefore, it reduces the height of tree, and as a result, the stream transmission delay. Through simulation, we evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of scalability and quality of services.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

This paper proposes a scalable hybrid P2P(peer-to-peer) cloud architecture for MMOGs(massively multiplayer online games) which includes load management schemes for each region. A game world is divided into several game regions and each game region is serviced by at least one peer(player) in this MMOG cloud environment. The load must be managed regionally to support smooth interactions among them even in the presence of a high concentration of players in a specific region. In the proposed architecture where an efficient and effective provisioning of resources is realized, it is suitable for players to interact with cloud servers effectively and it avoids bottlenecks of the current client-server MMOG architecture. This architecture also relieves a lot of computational power and network traffic, the load on the servers in the cloud by exploiting the capacity of the players. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid P2P cloud architecture can reduce the considerable bandwidth at the server compared to the client server architecture as the available resources grow with the number of players in crowding or hotspots.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

Cloud computing has recently become an attractive solution for massively multiplayer online games(MMOGs), as it lifts operators from the burden of buying and maintaining hardware. Peer-to-peer(P2P) -based solutions present several advantages, including the inherent scalability, self-repairing, and natural load distribution capabilities. We propose a hybrid architecture for MMOGs that combines technological advantages of two different paradigms, P2P and cloud computing. An efficient and effective provisioning of resources and mapping of load are mandatory to realize an architecture that scales in economical cost and quality of service to large communities of users. As the number of simultaneous players keeps growing, the hybrid architecture relieves a lot of computational power and network traffic, the load on the servers in the cloud by exploiting the capacity of the peers. For MMOGs, besides server time, bandwidth costs represent a major expense when renting on-demand resources. Simulation results show that by controlling the amount of cloud and user-provided resource, the proposed hybrid architecture can reduce the bandwidth at the server while utilizing enough bandwidth of players.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1021-1027
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• 2018

Experimental studies have been conducted to verify that the positive coupling between pressure oscillation (p') and combustion oscillation (q') of high frequency range is a prerequisite for the initiation of low frequency instability in hybrid rocket combustion. The post-chamber length and combustion equivalence ratio were selected as critical parameters to control the phase difference between p' and q', and p' amplitude in relation to the suppression of LFI. In the results, even if the post-chamber length increases, the phase difference between p' and q' maintains below pi/2, which is a necessary condition for the LFI development, but the amplification of RI (Rayleigh index) was substantially decreased leading to a stable combustion. In addition, results confirmed that combustion stability is achieved by changing the momentary equivalence ratio and/or by suppressing the positive coupling status of p' and q'. Thus, the periodic amplification of RI was identified as the middle path of the mechanism of occurrence of LFI.