• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.771-779
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• 2004

Unsteady behavior of the early wake in the viscous flow field past an impulsively started semicircular cylinder is studied numerically. In this paper, we propose the hybrid diffusion scheme to simulate dynamic characteristics of wake such as a fishtail-like flapping and an alternate vortex-shedding more accurately. This diffusion scheme based on particle strength exchange is mixed with the stochastic nature of random walk method. Also, the viscous splitting algorithm which calculates convective and diffusion terms successively is applied in order to handle random walk method effectively. Consequently, the early behavior of wake due to the breakdown of symmetrical vortici balance is more practically simulated with the vortex particle method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.7A
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• pp.682-688
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• 2006

In this paper, a soft-decision method for initial PN code acquisition in pilot-channel aided Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems is proposed in order to improve the acquisition performance. We apply this technique to the conventional hybrid search algorithm and analyze it in terms of mean code acquisition time. For the analysis, we present mathematical model of proposed algorithm and also perform the simulation under IMT-2000 channel models. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the conventional one by 0.2 - 0.4 sec with respect to the mean code acquisition time because the soft decision technique can mitigate the possible decline in search performance caused by the use of a hard-decision technique.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.203-217
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• 2003

Constraint Programming and Optimization have developed in different fields to solve common problems in real world. In particular, constraint propagation and linear Programming are their own fundamental and complementary techniques with the potential for integration to benefit each other. This intersection has evoked the efforts to combine both for a solution method to combinatorial optimization problems. Attempts to combine them have mainly focused on incorporating either technique into the framework of the other with traditional models left intact. This paper argues that integrating both techniques into an old modeling fame loses advantages from another and the integration should be molded in a new framework to be able to exploit advantages from both. The paper propose a declarative modeling framework in which the structure of the constraints indicates how constraint programming and optimization solvers can interact to solve problems.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

Currently the mobile web service is growing with a tremendous speed and mobile contents are spreading extensively. However, it is hard to search what the user wants because of some limitations of cellular phones. And the music is the most popular content, but many users experience frustrations to search their desired music. To solve these problems, this research proposes a hybrid recommendation system, MOBICORS-music (MOBIle COntents Recommender System for Music). Basically it follows the procedure of Collaborative Filtering (CF) system, but it uses Contents-Based (CB) data representation for neighborhood formation and recommendation of new music. Based on this data representation, MOBICORS-music solves the new item ramp-up problem and results better performance than existing CF systems. The procedure of MOBICORS-music is explained step by step with an illustrative example.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2022

기후변화 및 해안 구조물의 증가 등 여러 원인이 연안침식 및 해안선 변화와 같은 연안의 지형변화를 가속하고 있다. 빠르게 변화하는 연안의 지형변화예측 및 대응책 강구를 위해서는 연안의 유사이송 현상에 대한 신속한 예측이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 GPU 엔진 기반 파랑해석모형인 Celeris Advent를 활용하여 실시간으로 연안의 유사이송 모의가 가능한 수치모형을 개발하였다. Celeris Advent는 GPU의 병렬코어를 활용해 실시간 연산과 GUI를 통한 사용자와의 실시간 상호작용이 가능한 모형이다. 지배방정식은 확장형 Boussinesq 방정식에 유사이송방정식을 양방향 결합하여 구성하였고, 지배방정식에는 하이브리드 유한체적-유한차분 수치기법을 적용하여 이송항은 유한체적법(Kurganov & Petrova, 2007), 소스항은 유한차분법을 통해 이산화하여 해석한다. 유사이송방정식은 수심적분형 이송확산방정식에 침식 및 퇴적 플럭스를 반영하는 소스항을 결합하여, 이송항 및 확산항을 통해 유사의 이송/확산을 고려함과 동시에 소스항을 통해 하상과의 상호작용을 고려하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 2차원 비선형 천수모형과 수심평균된 스칼라 이송모형을 해석하는 수치모형에 대해 기술하였다. 수치모형의 정확성을 보장함과 동시에 안정성을 높이기 위해 유한체적법, 플럭스 재구성 및 minmod 제한자를 사용하였다. 비선형 천수방정식의 이송항과 바닥 경사항은 계산된 수심의 양수 보존과 흐름의 정상 상태를 보장하기 위한 second order well-balanced positivity preserving central-upwind method를 이용하여 수치적으로 이산화되었다. 마찬가지로, 이송-확산 방정식 내 이송항은 동일한 2차 풍상차분법을 통해 수치적으로 풀이하였다. 격자점 경계면에서의 불연속으로 인한 수치진동을 방지하기 위해 이송항의 계산에 포함된 보존항의 차이로 인해 발생하는 스칼라의 수치확산을 최소화하기 위해 무차원의 비소산함수를 도입하였다. 또한, 확산항은 유한차분법을 이용하여 이산화하였다. 제안된 수치모형은 시간미분항의 계산을 위해 오일러 기법을 적용하여 계산된 수심 및 스칼라의 양수 보존여부와 함께 정지된 흐름의 정상 상태의 보존여부를 확인하였다. 제안된 수치모형의 해석 정확성을 평가하기 위해 1, 2차원 공간 내 다양한 흐름 조건에서의 해석해를 이용한 3개의 벤치마크 테스트를 수행하였다. 평균 제곱근 오차(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)를 산정하여 수치모형의 성능을 정량적으로 평가하였으며, 비소산함수를 적용함에 따라 스칼라의 수치확산이 감소하게 되었음을 확인하였다. 또한, 세 차례의 벤치마크 테스트 결과는 공통적으로 수치모형에 의해 계산된 결과값이 비소산함수를 고려함에 따라 해석해와 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2022

Information plays an important role in modern society. Most of the information is processed and moved in the digital space. In cyberspace, confidential communication based on resistance and security is fundamental. It is essential to protect the information sent and received over the network. However, information may be leaked and forged by unauthorized users. The effectiveness of the existing protection system decreases as an innovative technique is applied to identify the communication contents by a third party. Steganography is a technique for inserting secret information into a specific area of a medium. Stegganography and steganalysis techniques are at odds with each other. A new and sophisticatedly implemented system is needed to cope with the advanced steganalysis. To enhance step-by-step diffusion and irregularity, I propose a hybrid implementation technique of image steganography for Hangul messages based on layered encryption and variable ShiftRows. PSNR was calculated to measure the proposed steganography efficiency and performance. Compared to the basic LSB technique, it was shown that the diffusion and randomness can be increased even though the PSNR decreased by 1.45%.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.342-353
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• 1997

This paper presents an analytical evaluation of a hybrid direct-sequence/slow frequencyhopped code division multiple-access (DS/SFH-CDMA) system employing noncoherent M-ary frequency shift keying(MFSK) modulation in a multiple Nakagami fading (m) environment. Multipath interference (MPI) and multi-access interference (MAI) is taken into account and the spectral efficiency is calculated for uncoded as well as channel coding systems. Predetection multipath maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity in conjunction with interleaved channel coding (Hamming(7,4) code, BCH(15, 7) code and RS (7, 4), (15, 9)) code ) is employed for improving the bit error rate (BER) performance. The BER of noncoherent hybrid system is obtained using a Gaussian interference approximation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.6 s.95
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• pp.835-842
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• 2004

In this paper, we have analyzed the MC-DS/CDMA system with input signal synchronized completely through adjustment of the gain in the PLL loop, by using the hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) technique, which is said to one of the optimal diversity techniques under the multi-path fading environment, assuming that phase error is defined to the phase difference between the received signal from the multi-path and the reference signal in the PLL of the receiver. Also, assuming that the regarded radio channel model for the mobile communication is subject to the Nakagami-m fading channel, we have developed the expressions and performed the simulation under the consideration of various factor, in the MC/DS-CDMA system with the hybrid SC.MRC-(2/3) diversity method, such as the Nakagami fading index(m), $the\;number\;of\;paths\;(L_p),$ the number of hybrid SC.MRC-(2/3) $diversity\;branches\;(L,\;L_c),$ the number of users (K), the number of subcarriers (U), and the gain in the PLL loop. As a result of the simulation, it has been confirmed that the performance improvement of the system can be achieved by adjusting properly the PLL loop in order for the MC/DS-CDMA system with the hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) diversity method to receive a fully synchronized signal. And the value of the gain in the PLL loop should exceed 7dB in order for the system to receive the signal with prefect synchronization, even though there might be a slight difference according to the values of the fading index and the spread processing gain of the subcarrier.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

Because development of high speed network, spread of internet, and high quality of computer performance, request and internet about massive multiplayer playing the game, is increasing. In order to experience realistic game play which is one of the most importance factor in massive multiplayer on-line, synchronization is importance matter. We propose synchronized and optimized scheme that combined FSM (Finite State Machine) and event holding method for efficient state synchronization for massive multiplayer on-line, and we show the effectiveness and reliability of our proposed scheme through the implementing and testing of the game server applying on our proposed scheme.