• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.210-213
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• 2010

Recent experimental data shows that the noticeable feature of irregular roughened spots on the fuel surface occurs during the combustion test. The generation of these unexpected patterns is likely to be resulted from the disturbed boundary layer due caused by wall blowing which is intended to simulate the process of fuel vaporization. LES without chemical reaction was conducted to investigate the flow characteristics at the near-fuel surface and the behavior of turbulent structures which is evolved by the wall blowing at the Reynolds number of 23,000. Cylindrical geometry was considered to get the most reality of the calculation results because real hybrid rocket motor is circular grain configuration. It was shown that the wall blowing pushed turbulent structures upwards making them tilted and this skewed displacement, in effect, left the foot prints of the structures on the surface. This change of kinematics may explain the formation of irregular isolated spots on the fuel surface observed in the experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.243-246
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• 2008

The combustion characteristic of solid fuel with chamber pressure were experimentally studied in hybrid combustion. This paper was experimental confirmed whether solid fuel affected not only oxidizer mass flux but also chamber pressure. Poly-Ethylene(PE) was used as fuel, GOX was used as oxidizer. Chamber pressure was controled by nozzle throat diameter 6mm and 9mm. In low oxidizer mass flux, solid fuel regression rate was affected not only oxidizer mass flux but also chamber pressure. As well, the regression rate increase as chamber pressure increase with same oxidizer mass flux.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.128-135
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• 2021

In this study, the acid polyols containing acid groups were synthesized, the novel polyurethane adhesive was developed by introducing the acid polyol by content. The acid polyols were introduced, the mechanical properties showed the maximum value when the acid content was 0.1 to 0.3 wt%, and it was confirmed that the mechanical properties and adhesive strength decreased at the content higher than 0.5 wt%. As the acid group, carboxylic acid and sulfuric acid were introduced to compare properties, and carboxylic acid showed stronger hydrogen bonding potential than sulfuric acid and improved mechanical properties. In addition, the correlation between particle size and mechanical properties was confirmed by introducing ZnO and CaCO₃. When ZnO and CaCO₃ were introduced, an ionic bond was formed with an acid group, and it was confirmed that mechanical properties were increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.663-664
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• 2016

Temperature difference power generation using sea water is a method repeatedly closed liquefaction and gasification by using the ammonia (refrigerant) of the deep sea water and surface water with a temperature difference between turning the turbine. The larger the temperature difference between the nature of the temperature characteristic energy generation development, the better. This is the story that the surface waters of the deep-water temperature difference is large. But the winter is not large temperature difference between surface water and deep water has lowered energy efficiency. And desalination technologies accounted for 97% of the earth, but we can not eat the technology to convert sea water into fresh water, fresh water produced by the desalination technology that is available for various industries such as irrigation, drinking water in the vessel.In this paper, LNG transport vessels, based on the LNG transport ship to the temperature difference power generation using cold energy of thermal energy and LNG marine diesel engines, which use the existing order to improve the temperature of the surface waters of the season that is the current problem we propose that a complex development of desalination and desalination of seawater freezing research into hybrid research and utilizing the cold energy of the engine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2016

Two output ports of $90^{\circ}$ hybrid-coupler are generally the same output power with $90^{\circ}$ phase difference. But, Two output ports of $90^{\circ}$ hybrid-coupler must be the different output slope characteristic about frequency because of the different electrical length. In $90^{\circ}$ hybrid-coupler being the same power distribution, 3-dB power distribution at two output ports only exists near the center frequency. And, the output power difference between two output ports increases in accordance with the further away from the center frequency. This paper proposes $90^{\circ}$ hybrid-coupler being the similar output slope characteristic of two output ports in wideband to modify the ${\lambda}/4$ transmission line of $35-{\Omega}$ characteristic impedance between input port and output port near input port. The power difference between two output ports of the proposed circuit is below 0.2dB over 20% bandwidth of the center frequency in ADS(advanced Design System).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.234-239
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to find out the nature of language variation by exploring the ways of the progress of the language variation that produces all English-lects, i.e., the World Englishes. The study of language variation in linguistics is a hybrid enterprise, so the study of World Englishes has led to the recognition of a highly diverse set of all English-lects, encompassing regional dialects, sociolects, ethnolects and (post-)colonial dialects of World Englishes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid language variation model with three interacting factors of social distancing, on/off-contact, and linguistic diversity to examine the characteristics of language variation. In the context of World Englishes, the social distance is typically low in terms of their local location (country/speech) for local purposes. The social distance also varies based on online/offline communication modes and other social factors like gender, age and ethnic groups, resulting in all English-lects. To clarify the nature of World Englishes, the core Englishes, BrE, AmE and CanE are discussed here.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2017

Transactional Memory (TM) has greatly changed the parallel programming paradigm for transaction processing and is classified into STM, HTM, HyTM according to hardware or software frameworks. However, the existing studies have a problem that they provide static retry policy for all workloads. To solve the problems, we propose an hybrid transactional memory scheme using sampling-based adaptive retry policy in multi-core environment. First, the proposed scheme determines whether to use STM or HTM according to the characteristic of a transaction. Otherwise, it executes HTM and STM concurrently by using a bloom filter. Second, the proposed scheme provides adaptive retry policy for HTM according to the characteristic of transactions in each workload. Finally, through the experimental performance evaluation using STAMP, the proposed scheme shows 10~20% better performance than the existing schemes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

This study examined the static characteristics of a spool valve with a hybrid lap between the spool land and the sleeve. The static equation for the pressure characteristics was derived from flow equations that depend on the spool displacement, and the final model was derived from $q_a=q_b=0$ because the pressure characteristics test needs to block the control port in the valve. The static equation for the flow characteristics was derived from the pressure characteristics when the control port is open ($q_a=q_b$, $p_a=p_b$). The characteristic equation in the shifted region was assumed from the proportional relationship between the pressure-flow characteristics and the spool displacement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2001

마이크로스트립 안테나가 가지는 가장 큰 단점인 협대역 특성을 개선하기 위해 그 동안 수많은 연 구와 방법들이 제안되었는데 특히 원형편파 안테나는 임피던스 대역폭 외에 축비 대역폭까지도 고려 되어야 하므로 더욱 심화된 협대역의 특성을 가지게 되어 설계에 많은 어려움이 있었다. 일반적으로 원형편파 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계하는 방법 중 급전 구조면에서는 크게 단일 급전 방식과 하이 브리드 형태의 급전방식이 있다. 단일 급전 방식의 원형편파 안테나는 구조가 간단하고y 제작이 간편 하며, 안테나의 물리적 크기를 줄일 수 있어 배열시 장점이 있으나 구조의 특성상 협대역의 축비 대역 폭을 가지며I 하이브리드 급전 원형편파 안테나는 구조가 복잡하고, 제작이 어려우며, 안테나의 물리적 크기가 커진다는 단점이 있으나 광대역의 축비 대역폭을 가진다. 따라서 원형편파 안테나의 설계시 축 비 대역폭과 안테나의 물리적 크기 간의 trade-off를 고려하여야한다. 최근에는 이를 고려한 단일 급전 을 이용하면서도 개선된 축비특성올 얻을 수 있도록 십자개구 개구를 통해 두 개의 직교 모드를 방사 패치에 급전하는 구조가 제안되기도 하였다. 하지만 이는 일반적인 단일 급전 방식보다 개선된 축비 대역폭을 얻을 수 있었으나 중심주파수에서 2.5%에 불과하였다. 본 논문에서는 단일 급전 십자개구 결합 방식이 가지는 협대역의 축비 대역폭을 개선하기 위해 단 일 급전으로 하이브리드 급전의 효과를 가져올 수 있는 직렬 급전 십자개구 결합 마이크로스트립 안 테나를 제안하였으며, 기존에 발표된 단일 급전 십자개구 결합 안테나와의 축비 대역폭, 이득, 방사패 턴, 그리고 임피던스 대역폭 둥과 비교하여 개선된 특성을 제시하고 제안된 안테나의 타당성을 보였 다. 실제로 2.4GHz의 주파수에서 제안한 직렬 급전 십자개구 결합 단일 마이크로스트립 안테나의 측 정결과 기존에 연구된 안테나보다 약 2배정도 증가된 4.6%의 축비 대역폭, 10%의 임피던스 대역폭 (VSWR<1.5), 그리고 8.2dBi의 최대이득 특성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 바탕으로 시권셜 로테이션 기법올 사용한 $2\times2$ 배열 안테나는 17.5%의 축비 대역폭, 20.8%의 임피던스 대역폭(VSWR<1.5), 그리 고 12.5dBi의 최대이득을 얻을 수 있었다. 이에 해당하는 제안된 단일 안태나와 $2\times2$ 배열 안테나의 구조, 측정된 축비 대역폭 및 이득특성, 그리고 입력 반사손실을 그림 I, 2, 3에 각각 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.2 s.92
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• pp.151-159
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• 2006

The guide line of the SFRC mix design was not established, and the convenience of the practical application on the spot is not so good. In this paper, hence, the program which is optimized to result the mix proportion by the flexural strength and toughness, was developed to apply to SFRC on the practical spot. This program could minimize the number of trial mixes and get an economical and appropriate mixture. In addition, the theoretical background on which the program is based, will be the basis of the embodied method to mixing SFRC. Additionally, new algorithm, in this paper, was used to develop the mix proportioning program of SFRC. The new algorithm is the Harmony Search which is the heuristic method mimicking the improvisation of music players, Musical performances seek a best state determined by aesthetic estimation, as the optimization algorithms seek a best state determined by objected function value. And, it was developed the program about single fiber reinforced concrete, beside to the hybrid fiber reinforced concrete that two kinds of steel fibers, which have the different geometry, was reinforced. This will be able to keep the world trend to study, hence, offers the basis of the next research about hybrid fiber reinforced concrete.