• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was a teacher efficacy scale for pre-service teacher and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale. Methods: Participants for this study were 428 pre-service teachers from G region. the data were analyzed using correlation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: The pre-service teacher efficacy scale was consisted of 3 factors, 'efficacy for instructional strategies', 'efficacy for student engagement' and 'efficacy for classroom management' with 12 items. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was ranged from .72 to .82. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that CMIN/DF = 1.59, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05, TLI = .96, CFI = .97. Conclusion/Implications: In conclusion, all these results show that the pre-service teacher efficacy scale is quite a reliability and validity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.225-238
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• 2022

Although the importance of literacy in Artificial Intelligence (AI) education is increasing, there is a lack of testing tools for measuring such competency. To address this gap, this study developed a testing tool that measures AI literacy among middle school students. This goal was achieved through the establishment of an expert group that was enlisted to determine the relevant factors and items covered by the proposed tool. To verify the reliability and validity of the developed tool, a field review, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. These procedures resulted in a testing tool comprising six domains that encompass 30 items. The domains are the social impact of AI (eight items), the understanding of AI (six items), AI execution plans (five items), problem solving with AI (five items), data literacy (four items), and AI ethics (two questions). The items are to be rated using a five-point Likert scale. The internal consistency of the tool was .970 (total), while that of the domains ranged from .861 to .939. This study can serve as reference for developing the analysis of AI literacy, teaching and learning, and evaluation in AI education.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.238-250
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the effect of an appropriate technology program related to water acquisition and purification on scientific attitudes and creative problem-solving skills in elementary school students. Thus, this study developed a learning program related to the appropriate technology composed of 8 sessions, and some were for exploring water acquisition-related scientific principles and the appropriated technology of Warka Tower, and the others were for conducting water purification-related inquiry experiments, such as Life Straw and Drinkable Book, and the last two sessions were for presenting practical tasks through creative ideas and designs and carrying out the relevant campaign activities. For research subjects, this study selected 51 students from two sixth-grade classes, and after modifying the scientific attitude questionnaire and the creative problem-solving skill questionnaire fit for the environment and situation, this study conducted a paired-sample t-test by applying both the questionnaires before and after this program. In addition, while looking into the correlation between scientific attitudes and creative problem-solving skills, based on the post-test results, this study examined relationships between sub-domains perceived by the students after this program was applied. The results can be summarized as below. Out of all the scientific attitudes, curiosity, openness, cooperation, and creativity showed statistically significant results with an increase in the average value when their overall averages of the pre-test were compared with those of the post-test. With creative problem-solving skills, the domain of mastering a specific area and the domain of divergent thinking showed statistically significant results. The correlation analysis results showed that cooperation out of the scientific attitudes had a significant correlation with all the domains of creative problem-solving skills, especially showing the highest correlation coefficient with such sub-domains as critical and logical thinking. All the four domains of creative problem-solving skills showed a number of significant correlations with the sub-domains of scientific attitudes. Through the research results above, this study has several implications on how and where to apply such appropriate technology-related topics in the future and various responses from students.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.164-168
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• 1995

SEJONG-NET은 시각 문자패턴의 인식 과정을 설명 할 수 있는 적절한 패러다임을 제공하기 위해 척추동물의 시신경계 구조와 기능을 모방하여 만든 문자인식 모형이다. 초기에는 온라인 한글 인식을 위하여 설계되었으며, 이후 다양한 문자 집합이나 오프라인 한글 문자를 위한 모뎀들이 개발되었다. 현재까지 개발된 여러 SEJONG-NET 모델이 가지고 있는 문제점은 정직성이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 설계 초기에 고려한 인식 대상 문자 집합과 문자 패턴에 대해서만 인식이 가능하고, 변형된 패턴을 기존의 패턴으로 근사화하여 해석하거나 새로운 패턴에 대하여 그것을 추가 학습하는 것이 불가능하다. 따라서 본 논문은 SEJONG-NET의 이러한 제약점을 해결하여 한글 인식 문제에 일반적으로 적용될 수 있도록 개선하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 상위층에서는 인간이 가지고 있는 문자에 대한 구조적인 지식을 표현하고 학습을 통해 추가적으로 습득할 수 있는 형태로 구현하였고, 하위층에서는 상위층에서 쓰이는 구조적인 지식을 표현하는데 적합한 특징을 추출해 낼 수 있도록 구현하였다. 특히 하위층에서는 인간의 초기 시각 피질에서 감지되는 특징들을 추출하도록 구현하여 사용되는 특징이 일반성을 가질 수 있도록 하였다. 이러한 방법을 기반으로 하여 본 논문에서는 변형된 패턴에 대한 적응 학습 능력을 가지며 인지과학적인 사실에 보다 충실하도록 개선된, 온라인 한글 인식을 위한 SEJONG-NET 모델을 제안한다.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the functions of GMFM and ICF-CY on the activities and participation of ICF-CY sub-items. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: This study compared and analyzed 95 children with cerebral palsy [type of CP: spasticity 86 (90.5%), hypotonia 4 (4.2%), mixed 5 (5.3%); type of palsy: quadriplegia 13 (13.7%), diplegia 71 (74.7%), hemiplegia 11 (11.6%)] using sub-items of functions, activities and participation from GMFM and ICF-CY. Result: The results show that the activities and participation of ICF-CY (9 sub-items) have significant effect on the functions of GMFM and ICF-CY (8 sub-items) (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is intended to provide data to establish practical therapeutic goals and interventions for functions, activities and participation, which are sub-categories of ICF-CY in cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

Occupational self-efficacy is one of the factors necessary for successful occupational rehabilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities. In this research, we investigated to see whether participating in a game-based training for job affects occupational self-efficacy. We compared a group who played a job-training game during traditional training with a group who participated only in traditional training. The results indicate that overall occupational self-efficacy of the game-based training group was affected significantly compared to the control group. Among the four subcategories, problem solving self efficacy and stress management self-efficacy showed significant improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2011

This article deals with a problem of setting reliability targets of the railroad systems where the punctuality target is given to the operator and a penalty is imposed for the year when the target is not met. The operator should set the reliability targets of the railroad system and sub-systems because the reliability affects the expected number of years when the penalty is imposed. This paper presents a procedure for setting the service reliability target and equations to calculate the expected number of years when the penalty is imposed and the probability that the operator should pay the penalty per year according to the mean kilometer between service failures of the railroad system and sub-systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.2039-2044
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• 2008

The problem of an efficient hardware implementation of multiple constant multiplication is frequently encountered in many digital signal processing applications such as FIR filter and linear transform (e.g., DCT and FFT). It is known that efficient solutions based on common subexpression elimination (CSE) algorithm can yield significant improvements with respect to the area and power consumption. In this paper, we present an efficient specialized adder design method for two common subexpressions ($10{\bar{1}}$, 101) in canonic signed digit (CSD) coefficients. By Synopsys simulations of a radix-24 FFT example, it is shown that the proposed method leads to about 21%, 11% and 12% reduction in the area, propagation delay time and power consumption compared with the conventional methods, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2015

The dissemination of smart appliances, along with the development of the latest information and communication technology has an effect on society. Their application can be seen in the smart learning environment, by use of digital textbooks with smart devices in the classroom. Hence in this study, the 4L-ACC activity using digital textbooks was applied in the third grade social studies class to improve critical thinking and problem solving skills of elementary school students. This study compared and analyzed the impact in critical thinking and problem-solving skills using digital textbooks versus standard social studies classes. As a result, in social studies classes that used the 4L-ACC activity compared to common social studies classes, elementary student's problem understanding, critical thinking, problem resolution, reflective thinking, and all lower areas of critical thinking and problem-solving were improved. In conclusion, using digital textbooks enhance student's ability to think critically and problem solve. This should provide learners a more comprehensive learning experience and therefore be integrated into more education environment.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.511-533
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• 2012

In order to determine whether there is a significant correlation between relational understanding and creative math. problem finding ability, this study performed relational understanding and problem finding ability tests on a sample of 186 8th grade middle school students. According to the study results, we found a very significant positive correlation between relational understanding and the creativity of the mathematising ability and the combining ability of mathematical concepts in the problem finding ability. Although there was no statistically significant correlation between relational understanding and the extension ability of mathematical facts, the results from analyzing the students response rate and actual scores in each test showed that students with high relational understanding scores also had high response rate and high scores in analogical reasoning and inductive reasoning. Through this study, therefore, relational understanding is found to have a positive impact on the creative mathematics problem finding ability.