• Title/Summary/Keyword: 하상 변화

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Effect of Corona Discharge on the Changes in Quality and Pasteurization of Ginseng Powder (코로나방전 처리 인삼분말의 살균효과 및 품질변화)

  • Kim, Kyung-Tack;Kim, Sung-Soo;Ha, Sang-Do
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.1237-1243
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    • 2003
  • As a newly emerging pasteurization method for improving the shelf-life of powdered ginseng, the corona discharge generated at high voltage conditions was examined for its effects on microbial pasteurization, physicochemical characterization, and sensory evaluation. The pasteurizing effects of corona discharge on total bacteria, yeast, molds, and coliforms increased with increasing voltage. However, corona discharge treatment of 5 kv/cm did not show significant effects of pasteurization on the yeast, molds, and coliforms. Treatment with 20 kv/cm reduced about 95% of the total bacteria $(6.14{\pm}0.04{\rightarrow}\;4.59{\pm}0.04$) and coliforms ($2.43{\pm}0.05{\rightarrow}\;1.00{\pm}0.05$) and 99% of the yeast and molds ($4.65{\pm}0.06{\rightarrow}\;2.73{\pm}0.06$). The proximate analysis, minerals, free sugars, crude saponin, and colors of the control ginseng and the ginseng treated with 20 kv/cm were not significantly different at p<0.05. Corona discharge of up to 20 kv/cm did not affect the proximate analysis, minerals, free sugars, crude saponin, and colors of the powdered ginseng. Sensory evaluation scores on color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability between the control ginseng and ginseng treated with 20 kv/cm corona discharge were not significantly different at p<0.05 level. Consequently, corona discharge treatment is thought to be a good alternative pasteurization method for improving the shelf-life of powdered ginseng due to its effective pasteurization, maintenance of nutrients and good sensory characteristics.

Development of Measuring Method for Bridge Scour and Water Level Using Temperature Difference Between Medium Interfaces (매질 경계면의 온도 변화를 이용한 교량 세굴 및 수위 측정방법 개발)

  • Joo, Bong-Chul;Park, Ki-Tae;You, Young-Jun;Hwang, Yoon-Koog
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2014
  • The main source of bridge destruction is due to scour. The bridge scour is the result of erosive action of flowing water taking away ground materials from near the abutment or pier. Furthermore, the water level must be also monitored whiling flooding, because it dangers not only the stability of bridge itself, but the safety of bridge users. This study is intended to develop a new measuring system for bridge scour by overcoming the current limitation of scour measurement technique. This measuring system is confirmed its excellence and validity through this study. The newly developed measuring system finds the distance between the water surface and the ground surface by detecting temperature difference along the abutment vertically. The measuring mechanism for monitoring the bridge scour and water level is based on identifying the temperature difference among mediums, including air, water and ground. In order to validate the new measuring system, the lab experiments and the field tests are conducted and compared. It has been confirmed that this system can effectively measure the bridge scour and the water level by analyzing the temperature distribution between mediums and the temperature variation over time.

Effect of Soy Protein Film Packaging on the Qualities and the Microbial Growth of Beef during Storage (대두 단백 필름 포장 방법에 따른 저장 중 쇠고기의 품질 및 미생물 변화)

  • Lee Myoungsuk;Park Sangkyu;Bae Dongho;Ha Sangdo;Song Kyung Bin
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.565-568
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    • 2004
  • To investigate the effect of soy protein film packaging on the quality of beef, the rate of weight loss, pH, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and microbial (total bacterial count) Salmonella spp., E. coli changes were determined during storage. Beef samples were packaged with soy protein film containing rosemary extract and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Soy protein film was effective on prevention of weight loss, compared with the control, regardless of addition of rosemary extract. Change in pH of soy protein films containing the rosemary extract (RPF) was less during storage, compared with the control. Packaging of beef products with RPF inhibited lipid oxidation by $86\%$ at day 8 of storage, compared to the control. RPF packaging also affected the microbial growth, resulting in retardation of total bacteria by more than 1 log cycle. These results indicate that storage of beef packaged with RPF should be appropriate in terms of quality as well as shelf-life.

Change of Ichthyofauna and Fish Community on Natural Stream Restoration In Jeonju-chon stream, Jeollabuk-do, Korea (전주천의 자연형 하천 복원에 따른 어류상 변화 및 군집분석)

  • Park, Jong-Young;Kim, Su-Hwan;Ko, Myeong-Hun;Oh, Min-Ki;Shin, Jin-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.381-391
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    • 2009
  • This is the study of the effects and changes on the ichthyofauna and fish community in Jeonju-cheon stream (located in Jeonju Cit, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea) after the implementation of the Natural Stream Restoration Project. The restoration of the stream was carried out between April 2000 and December 2002, and it covered the mid-section of the stream starting from the upstream of Hanbyeok Bridge down to Samcheon where branches of water join. It is 7.2 km long and passes through the downtown area. In this study, comparisons were made before and after the restoration. Before the restoration (1975 to 1999), the number of fish species collected from the Jeonju-cheon stream turned out to be 12 to 18 species, whereas after the restoration (2003 to 2008), it increased up to 34 species in total. Especially in the case of the middle and downstream sections running across the central regions of the city (Daga Bridge to Seosin Bridge), the number of fish species significantly increased from 5 species to 22 species. Such a dramatic increase of fish species appears to be directly related to the restoration of the stream which was designed to improve the quality of water by preventing polluted sewage water from running into the stream. Besides, the structure of stream bed which became more diversified into various components such as marshes and shallows, as well as rocks, Pebbles, sand and clay, also contributed to the increase of fish species.

Time-split Mixing Model for Analysis of 2D Advection-Dispersion in Open Channels (개수로에서 2차원 이송-분산 해석을 위한 시간분리 혼합 모형)

  • Jung, Youngjai;Seo, Il Won
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.495-506
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    • 2013
  • This study developed the Time-split Mixing Model (TMM) which can represent the pollutant mixing process on a three-dimensional open channel through constructing the conceptual model based on Taylor's assumption (1954) that the shear flow dispersion is the result of combination of shear advection and diffusion by turbulence. The developed model splits the 2-D mixing process into longitudinal mixing and transverse mixing, and it represents the 2-D advection-dispersion by the repetitive calculation of concentration separation by the vertical non-uniformity of flow velocity and then vertical mixing by turbulent diffusion sequentially. The simulation results indicated that the proposed model explains the effect of concentration overlapping by boundary walls, and the simulated concentration was in good agreement with the analytical solution of the 2-D advection-dispersion equation in Taylor period (Chatwin, 1970). The proposed model could explain the correlation between hydraulic factors and the dispersion coefficient to provide the physical insight about the dispersion behavior. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient calculated by the TMM varied with the mixing time unlike the constant value suggested by Elder (1959), whereas the transverse dispersion coefficient was similar with the coefficient evaluated by experiments of Sayre and Chang (1968), Fischer et al. (1979).

Hermeneutics and Science Education : Focus on Implications for Conceptual Change Theory (해석학과 과학교육 : 개념변화이론에의 함의를 중심으로)

  • Ha, Sangwoo;Lee, Gyoungho
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2015
  • Constructivism gave many implications to science education but at the same time it has brought confusion about its implication to the field of science education. Hermeneutics has possibilities of being able to reduce confusion as well as opening a new horizon. Hermeneutics seeks the meaning of 'real understanding' through the concepts of horizon, hermeneutical circle, and fusion of horizons. Both hermeneutics and constructivism have positive attitude to students' pre-understanding and accept contextualization of knowledge. Thus, they both can criticize traditional teaching method and propose an alternative. Moreover, hermeneutics approaches human understanding holistically with the concept of horizon, and pays attention to the circularity of the process of human understanding. As a result, hermeneutics can open a new horizon and give new discourse to science education and contribute to the development of research and practice of science education.

Formation processes of low river terraces in Korea (우리나라 저위하안단구(低位河岸段丘)의 형성요인)

  • Son, Myoung-Won
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 2001
  • According to the change of stream power/resisting power relationship due to the crustal movement or the climatic change, most channel landforms which reflect the equilibrium state of fluvial system are eroded and a part of them is remained as a river terrace. In many rivers in Korea are extensively distributed the relatively younger low river terraces. But their accurate formation mechanism is not known. In this paper, the formation processes and the dating of low river terraces distributed in Nakdong River basin will be investigated. Stream power of the downward erosion was revived because the sea level fell down. So stream power was superior to the resisting power under the cool-wet climatic condition during the last glacial period. Thus the river bed was excavated deeply, so that low river terraces were built up. And many incised meander loops were cut during this period. But, when fluvial system did not have equilibrium over all reaches, the last glacial period ended and the sea level initiated to rise rapidly. The headward erosion from the fall of sea level during the last glacial period had kept up to Hagye Fall because of the cutting of incised meander loops. Deeply excavated valleys and abandoned channel of cut-meander in lower reaches of a stream were filled with sediments. Thus the longitudinal profile of the uppermost reaches reflect the last interglacial, the upper reaches the last glacial, and the middle/1ower reaches recent fluvial system. Therefore low river terraces have been formed since the last glacial period.

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The Changes of Depositional Landforms in the Downstream Reach of Cha-Cheon (차천(車川) 하류 구간의 퇴적지형 변화)

  • Yu, Tai-Il
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.352-363
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this paper is to analyze changes in the depositional landform in the channel of Cha-cheon, a branch stream of Nakdong river(main stream) since the artificial straight channel has been constructed in 1973. The results of analyses are as follow. First, the Cha-cheon has flooded over one time in a year, and flowed backward over three times annually, according to analyze the data of the Hyeonpoong Gauging Station of rainfall and water level during a decade(1993$\sim$2002). Second, the flood plain within the artificial straightened channel has a nearly plain profile between the small dike and last riffle(point A). Deposits thickness of flood plain reduce gradually toward upstream. Third, grain size distribution of the flood plain deposits(0$\sim$20cm) within the artificial straightened channel has a coarsening trend in downstream reach of C point. It implies that the backward flow of Nakdong river(the main stream of Cha-cheon) make effect on the depositional mechanism of lowest reach in Cha-cheon. Finally, the result of analyzing grain size distribution of the flood plain deposits(0$\sim$20cm) within the artificial straightened channel implies that the c-point is the boundary between the vertical deposition of suspended load due to the backward flow of Nakdong river and the deposition of bed load supplied from hillslope of Cha-cheon basin.

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A Study on Water Quality Management on Urban Water Circulating System in the New City (신도시 내 물순환시스템 구축 및 수질관리 연구)

  • Ahn, Chang-Hyuk;Joo, Jin-Chul;Kwon, Jae-Hyeong;Song, Ho-Myeon;Ahn, Ho-Sang
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.743-743
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    • 2012
  • 최근 국내에서는 저탄소 녹색도시 조성의 일환으로 도시의 환경오염과 기후변화의 문제의 원인이 되고 있는 탄소 배출을 억제하고 고유가 시대에 에너지저감을 동시에 고려하는 저탄소 도시 조성을 통해 기후변화 시대에 대응을 추진하고 있다(국토해양부, 2009). 이러한 결과로 최근 도시내 물순환시스템(urban water circulating system or blue-network)의 구축이 요구되며 이는 자연의 생태 기능을 복원하고 오염부하를 저감하여 도시 환경의 건강성과 지속성 향상에 기여한다. 이러한 도시물순환시스템은 시민의 휴식 및 문화 공간, 도심열섬현상 완화, 재해방지, 생물서식공간(biotope) 제공 등의 기본적인 기능 이외에도 탄소배출 감소, 우수 저류공간 확보, 지하수위 유지, 비상용수 확보, 대기오염물질의 집진제거, 습지보전 및 생물종 다양성 확보 등의 주요 기능을 수행할 수 있기 때문에 구도심의 재개발 또는 신도시 개발 시 도시 어메니티(amenity) 증진에 널리 적용되고 있다(서울시정개발연구원 2003; 한국토지공사 2003). 남한산성을 포함하는 청량산 계곡수를 발원지로서, 공간적 범위는 장지천과 창곡천을 따라 약 3.5 km 서쪽으로 흘러 탄천에 이르기까지의 물길축(blue-network)를 기반으로 하며 총면적은 $6.8km^2$ 으로 서울, 성남, 하남의 3개 행정구역에 걸쳐있다. 내용적 범위는 현황조사(개발 컨셉, 하천분포현황, 인접지역 연계, 수질), 수량 및 수질 확보방안(물수지분석, 다중 수원 확보방안, 목표수질 설정, 부영양화 가능성 평가), 물순환시스템 구축(소하천 등과 연계 방안), 유지관리 방안의 순서로 진행하여 기본계획을 도출하였다. 현황조사 결과 본 사업대상지는 장지천, 창곡천, 학암천 등 3개 소하천이 서쪽의 탄천과 연결되어 있으며 동쪽은 산지로 청량산이 인접하기에, 주변 자연지형을 최대한 고려하여 물순환시스템을 계획하였다. 하천 유량은 기존 환경영향평가서, 하천 연계방안, 신도시 조성 관련기준 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 하류에서 각각 장지천 $10,087m^3/d$, 창곡천 $7,103m^3/d$, 복우천 $5,530m^3/d$ 의 유지용수량을 산정하였다. 도시 친수공간 확보와 어메니티 향상을 위해 지구내 수로(휴먼링)을 조성하여 장지천, 창곡천과 연계하였으며 주요 유지용수는 저탄소 녹색도시 건설에 부합하도록 우수을 활용한 함양지 및 계곡수로 조성 계획하였다. 또한, 인접한 장지천 및 창곡천 등 소하천은 지속적인 유량공급 및 양질의 수질을 확보하기 위해서 하상여과수를 검토 후 제안하였다.

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1D, 2D interpretation of stream flooding by HEC-RAS and TELEAMC-2D (HEC-RAS, TELEMAC-2D 모형을 이용한 1, 2차원 하천 범람 해석)

  • Sim, Gyu Hyeon;Song, Si Hoon;Lee, Byung Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.394-394
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    • 2015
  • 급격히 변화하고 있는 산업화와 도시화로 지구 온난화 현상으로 기상이변의 발생빈도가 높아졌고 기후가 불안정하여 예전보다 많은 집중호우가 발생하면서, 홍수로 인한 제내지 침수가 발생되기도 한다. 기후변화로 인한 수재해에 대응하기 위하여 하천 호소 수리 예측 모형의 개선이 필요한 실정이다. 하지만, 자연하천 유역의 강우-유출 상관관계와 지표면 유출현상 및 하도 수리 특성을 자연현상의 복잡성, 강우발생의 시간적 공간적인 발생과정의 임의성, 정확한 해석방법 및 확률 분석에 따르는 불확실성 들을 토대로 단순한 이론과 제한적인 경험공식 등에 의해서 해석, 재현 및 평가를 한다는 것은 매우 어려운 문제이다. 최근 IT 기술의 발전과 더불어, 많은 연구자, 엔지니어들이 기존 수리 수문학적 지식과 IT기술을 융합하여 복잡 다단한 수자원 환경 문제를 해결하고자 한다. 이와 같은 최근 연구 동향에 의거하여, 본 연구에서는 HEC-RAS, TELEMAC-2D 1, 2차원 수리 모형을 연계하여 하천 흐름 분석 및 홍수 범람 해석에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 HEC-RAS, TELEMAC 모형을 적용하여 2012년 태풍 '산바(SANBA)'로 인해 홍수 피해를 입은 고령군에 위치한 낙동강 본류 회천 유역(상류 회천교 ~ 하류 도진교)의 하도 내 흐름 분석과 하천 인근 제내지 홍수범람을 예측하였다. 범람해석에 필요한 지형자료를 기초로 하여 각 지형의 조건에 맞게 수치자료를 이용하여 작성하였고, 수자원 정보를 이용하여 유랑, 수위 등 시계열자료를 지류 및 상 하류의 경계조건으로 설정하고, 조도계수 등 하천 기본정보들을 입력하였다. HEC-RAS 모형은 회천교부터 도진교까지 전구간에 대한 종단면과 횡단면별 홍수침수범위 및 홍수위 크기 등 거시적인 1차원 수리해석에 적용하였고, TELEMAC 모형은 HEC-RAS 시뮬레이션 결과를 바탕으로 HEC-RAS에서 나타내기 힘든 2차원 흐름특성, 침수현상 등 일부 범람 구간에 대해 수리해석에 적용하였다. HEC-RAS 시스템은 수공구조물들의 영향과 하천의 영향을 종 횡단면으로 다양한 홍수침수 범위를 1차원으로 나타 낼 수 있으며, TELEMAC 시스템 수리 모의를 통해 얻어진 결과는 유속, 유량, 수심, 하상고 높이 등 2차원으로 나타낼 수 있다. TELEMAC 시스템을 활용한 2차원 분석은 실측자료와 비교적 유사하고 시각, 공간적으로 이해하기 쉽게 표현되므로, 모형 적용성이 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 유역 해석을 위한 수치데이터, 수위, 유량자료를 확보하여 HEC-RAS, TELEMAC 1, 2차원 연계 모형을 적용 한다면, 하천 준설, 하천 구조물 설치, 홍수피해 등 전반적인 하천관리 계획에 활용할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

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