• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2002

The goals of this study are twofold: To investigate non-phobics'and Phobics'Physiological response in virtual environments. and to analyze the trend of phobics' Physiology during virtual reality treatment. As a measure of Physiology. heart rate, skin resistance. and skin temperature were acquired. The data of two group subjects were analyzed: twenty-two non-Phobic subjects (M=32.94 years). thirty-six subjects with fear of flying (M=40.12 yearn) who met the DSM-lV criteria for a fear of flying. As a result. skin resistance showed significant differences between non-Photics and phobics. T(56) =2.978, P〈0.01 And the physiological responses of 33 subjects among the Phobics. who succeed to fly without medicine after virtual reality treatment, showed a gradual trend toward the non-Phobics Physiological responses as therapy sessions went on. In this study. Physiological monitoring. skin resistance appeared to be useful both in understanding the Physiological state of Phobic individuals and in evaluating the results of treatment in virtual reality Psychotherapy.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

Generally, cosmetic creams have been used to moisturize and smooth human skin. Recently, people concerns about the creams released with natural flavors and its functionality. This study focused to assess the psychophysiological effects of creams with 5 natural flavors such as patchouli oil, frankincense, sandalwood oil, none and newly developed S6. Initially, we have performed subjective evaluation for 100 female subjects aged 20 to 30 from Daejeon, South Korea. The results showed the most preferred flavor was S6 condition. Second, physiological evaluations for 20 female subjects were measured with EEG, ECG and GSR. In EEG analysis, the alpha ratio was confirmed to appear higher in each condition. The statistical analysis shows that significantly largest effect at S6 condition($p$ <0.05). The result from ECG and GSR measurements also shows the same trend. Third, skin conditions were measured when using S6. As a result, the skin temperature, humidity and skin movement speed were increased with S6 condition. The moisturizing and elasticity effects were confirmed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2012

In this study, the skin moisturing effect and stability of cream containing L. cuneata G. Don extract (ethyl acetate fraction) were evaluated. The skin hydrating effect of the cream containing extract was 1020% higher than the placebo cream, and the TWEL of the cream containing extracts was decreased to $7.7g/m^2h$ compared to the control ($10.2g/m^2$) and placebo cream ($8.9g/m^2$). The pH, viscosity, and absorbance were measured under the 4, 25, 37, $45^{\circ}C$ and the sun light during the 12 weeks. The pH change between cream containing extract and placebo cream did not show the significant difference under the 4, 25, 37, $45^{\circ}C$ except for the sun light. Both creams showed high decrease (about 59%) of viscosity at $45^{\circ}C$. However, there was no significant change under other conditions. The absorbance of the cream containing the extract and the placebo cream was decreased similarly at all conditions. This decrease in absorbance was relatively small compared to the decrease of absorbance of the extract in ethanol solution under the sun light (Fig. 7). In addition, any change in color or smell of the cream was not observed during the 12 weeks. Also physical changes as creaming and cohesion were not shown. These results indicate that the cream containing L. cuneata extract has the skin moisturizing effect and is relatively stable. Therefore, it is suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction of L. cuneata extract could be applicable to cosmetics as a new cosmetic material with its antioxidative and antibacterial activities reported previously.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.891-902
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• 2007

This paper aims to develop a Korea wind chill temperature index using an experimental method. For this, the researchers carried out a preliminary experiment in order to of for provisions necessary for the selection and safety of test participants, accuracy of experiment, and readiness for various situations that may occur during experiment. The researchers also investigated test subjects' safety and experiment conditions in which wind speed changes from calm condition into strong wind speed condition under the constant air temperature of $5^{\circ}C$. The results of this study are as follows. With regard to the variation of facial skin temperature such as forehead, cheek, nose, and chin, the skin temperature of cheek closely appears to depend on the change of air temperature and wind speed, exhibit a stable variation trend of skin temperature, and indicate the lowest temperature than any other facial parts. The skin temperature of women tends to be more sensitive than that of man and the skin temperature of human tends to decrease at weak wind speed under constant air temperature. It was also found that it is not necessary to take the influence of standard wind speed into consideration when a wind chill index is developed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the scalding temperature at slaughtering process on meat quality and storage properties of chicken. The yellowness (b$\^$*/ value) of skin decreased at high scalding temperature (65-67$^{\circ}C$) and WHC (water holding capacity) increased from 67.04％ at low temperature (53-55$^{\circ}C$) to 69.26％ at high temperature. WBS (Warner-Bratzler Shear force) significantly increased from 1.70kg/0.5inch$^2$ to 2.54kg/0.5inch$^2$ as the scalding temperature increased (p＜0.05). TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substance) values were 0.25mgMA/kg at low temperature, 0.24mgMA/kg at middle temperature (59-61$^{\circ}C$) and 0.27mgMA/kg on 3 days of storage. Total aerobic counts (TPC) were 4.99 logCFU/mL at low temperature, 4.88 10gCFU/mL at middle temperature and 4.05 logCFU/mL. Although TPC was decreased as the scalding temperature increased. The detection rate of feather at carcass inspection was low as the scalding temperature increased and the detection rate of large feather (＞lcm) was not significantly different between middle temperature and high temperature. Exposed flesh was severe as the scalding temperature increased. In conclusion, meat color and physical properties of chicken were acceptable when the carcasses were scalded at low temperature, but they were microbiologically susceptible and uneasy to remove the feather. The yellowness (b$\^$*/ value) of skin decreased at high scalding temperature, and total aerobic counts (TPC) were decreased as the scalding temperature increased, and easy to remove the feather.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

Thermography is a diagnostic procedures that measures infrared energy emitted by the skin. Thermography detects body temperature change which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It does show the thermal dysfunction that correlates closely with pain syndromes as well as normalization when the healing process takes place. Experienced clinical interpretation of the thermal pattern is necessary to diagnose and establish causation. Thermography is useful in the diagnosis of painful conditions such as herniated disc diseases, myofascial syndrome, myositis, musculoligamentous injury, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, athretic injuries, vascular diseases, arthritis, inflammation and breast tumors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.103-103
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• 1993

목적: Estroge 결핍으로 나타나는 폐경기의 주요 증상을 경감 치료하기 위해, estrogen경구 투여시 위장장애, 위장에서의 대사, 간 초회효과, 자주 투여로 인한 환자의 불편 등의 단점이 있나, 이러한 점을 개선하기 위한 투여경로의 하나로 피부를 통해 일정약물을 장기간 일정속도로 송달시키는 경피 흡수 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 (EE)의 장기제어방출을 위해 ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)를 사용하여 장기 제어방출 및 경피 흡수의 최적화 조건을 설정하여 경피흡수 시스템을 위한 막의 개방을 목적으로 한다. 방법: VA 함량이 18-40％까지의 EVA를 사용하여 EE를 함유한 matrix를 casting 방법으로 제조하고 변형된 Keshary-Chien cell을 이용하여 방출실험을 실행하였다. 이때 방출에 미치는 여러 가지 인자로서 EVA 주의 VA함량, 막의 두께, receptor 중 PEG 400의 용량비율, 방출 매개체의 온도, loading 된 약물의 량 등에 대해 검토하였다. 그리고 점개한 mouse skin에 대한 투과 실험을 행하고 이에 미치는 PEG 400과 자질층의 역할을 검토하였다. 결과: EE의 용해도는 saline so PEG 400의 용량 비율이 증가함에 따라 지수 함수적으로 증가하였다. 그리고 VA 함량이 증가될수록, PEG 400의 용량비율, 방출 매개체의 온도, loading 된 약물의 양이 증가될수록 PEG 400의 용량비율, 방출 매개체의 온도, loading 된 약물의 양이 증가될수록 EE의 방출속도와 부과속도는 증가하였다. 또한 투과속도는 막두께의 역수와 직선상의 상관 관계를 보였다. 그리고 EVA matrix로부터 EE가 방출되는 양상은 diffusion-controlled model을 따랐으며 이때 단위면적당 방출된 총량은 T에 비례되었다. 절개한 mouse skin을 통한 EE의 permeation은 PEG 400의 첨가에 의해 상승되었다. 이와 같이 EVA 막이 EE의 부과 및 방출을 조절하는 것으로 보아 경피 흡수를 위해 사용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2020

본 연구는 우리나라 전역에 본포하는 범의귀과 수국속(Hydrangea L.) 식물인 산수국의 잎에서 열수추출하여 활성된 지표물질중 하나인 하이드란지놀(Hydrangenol)의 함량변화에 대해서 논하고자 한다. 산수국(H. serrata f. acuminata)잎을 추출한 결과 Hydrangenol, Diam-sep5-Rt8.2, Thunberginol compound, Hydrangenoside 등이 확인되었다. 특히, 최근 동물 임상 실험에서 항비만, 근개선 및 노화된 피부의 개선 등에 효과가 있다고 검증되었다. 2019년 수행된 추출실험 결과, 하이드란지놀은 산수국의 생육 조건에 따라 함량의 변화가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2019년 5월 23일부터 6월 24일까지 소백산과 무등산 등 전국에 여러 생육지에서 채집한 산수국의 하이드란지놀의 함량은 0%로 파악되었으나, 그 이후 채집된 시료에서는 하이드란지놀의 함량이 일부 확인되었다. 산수국은 생육초반에는 하이드란지놀의 활성이 나타나지 않는 것을 확인 할 수 있었고, 개화시기 이후 잎의 생장이 어느 정도 진행된 상태에서 활성이 보이는 것을 확인해 볼 수 있었다. 하지만 온도 및 광량 등 생육조건에 따라서 하이드란제놀의 함량의 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타나 추가적인 재배 및 생리 실험 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2007

Mockeoseuk(China fossil) contains the various kinds of minerals and radiates far infrared light. In order to apply mockeoseuk to the cosmetic formulation, hybridization technique was adapted and modified by selecting a spherical silicone powder as substrate. The resultant composite improved the physical properties such as skin feeling and apparent color and still sustained the efficacy of mockeoseuk. In a clinical test, the cosmetic formulation with 10 wt% mockeoseuk composite raised the temperature of facial skin through enhancement of skin blood flow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.242-248
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 가상현실에서 simulator factor [FOV (field of view)와 운행속도, frame rate의 fluctuation]를 변화시키면서 사용자들의 시지각 과제수행도, 생리신호의 변화를 관찰하였고, 가상현실 경험 전·후에 실시한 설문지 조사를 통해 심리적 영향도 알아보았다. 1) 가상현실 운행시 눈깜박임이감소하고 Pz, O1, O2 영역의 알파파가 줄어들며 텔타파가 늘어나는 생리적 변화가 나타났다. 2) 특히 가상현실에서 멀미를 보고했을때 심박률, 피부전도도가 증가하고 피부온도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 멀미 보고시 나타난 변화는 교감신경계의 활동성이 증가하는 방향과 일치하였다. 3) 빠른 운행속도가 느린 운행속도보다 높은 말초혈류량 최대-최소차이값을 나타냈고, 넓은 FOV가 좁은 FOV보다 높은 심박률을 나타냈다. 좁은 화면 보다 넓은 화면 조건에서 Cz, Pz 영역의 알파파는 더 낮게 나타났고 텔타파는 더 높게 나타났다. frame rate의 fluctuation이 없을 때에 비해 있을때 더 높은 피부전도도를 보여주었다. 4) 가상현실 평가설문지 분석결과 신체적 불편감은 좁은 FOV·느린 운행속도 조건에서 가장 적은 불편감을 나타냈다. 과제수행 곤란도는 느린 운행속도에서 가장 적게 나타났고 과제수행 적중률은 느린 운행속도에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 생리신호, 과제수행 적중률, 설문지 분석결과는 좁은 FOV·느린 운행속도의 가상환경이 가장 멀미에 덜 민감하고 과제수행하기에 가장 용이한 것으로 나타났다.