Effect of the Scalding Temperature at Slaughtering Process on Meat Quality and Storage Properties of Chicken

탕침 온도에 따른 닭고기의 저장성 및 품질 변화

  • Published : 2004.06.01

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the scalding temperature at slaughtering process on meat quality and storage properties of chicken. The yellowness (b$\^$*/ value) of skin decreased at high scalding temperature (65-67$^{\circ}C$) and WHC (water holding capacity) increased from 67.04% at low temperature (53-55$^{\circ}C$) to 69.26% at high temperature. WBS (Warner-Bratzler Shear force) significantly increased from 1.70kg/0.5inch$^2$ to 2.54kg/0.5inch$^2$ as the scalding temperature increased (p<0.05). TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substance) values were 0.25mgMA/kg at low temperature, 0.24mgMA/kg at middle temperature (59-61$^{\circ}C$) and 0.27mgMA/kg on 3 days of storage. Total aerobic counts (TPC) were 4.99 logCFU/mL at low temperature, 4.88 10gCFU/mL at middle temperature and 4.05 logCFU/mL. Although TPC was decreased as the scalding temperature increased. The detection rate of feather at carcass inspection was low as the scalding temperature increased and the detection rate of large feather (>lcm) was not significantly different between middle temperature and high temperature. Exposed flesh was severe as the scalding temperature increased. In conclusion, meat color and physical properties of chicken were acceptable when the carcasses were scalded at low temperature, but they were microbiologically susceptible and uneasy to remove the feather. The yellowness (b$\^$*/ value) of skin decreased at high scalding temperature, and total aerobic counts (TPC) were decreased as the scalding temperature increased, and easy to remove the feather.

도계과정에서 탕침 온도를 저온(53-55$^{\circ}C$), 중온(59-61$^{\circ}C$), 고온(65-67$^{\circ}C$)으로 변화시켰을 때 닭고기의 육질에 미치는 영향과 저장 특성을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 탕침 온도가 높을수록 피부의 황색도(b$^{*}$ )는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 물리적 변화에서 보수력은 저온(67.043%)에서 고온(69.26%)으로 온도가 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 전단력은 저온(1.70kg/0.5inch$^2$)보다 고온 (2.54kg/0.5 inch$^2$)으로 높아질수록 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였다. 저장 3일에 저온 탕침 처리 닭고기의 지방산패도(TBARS) 값은 저온 0.25, 중온 0.24, 고온 0.27mg MA/kg으로 중, 저온에서는 비슷한 경향을 나타났으나 고온에서는 약간 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 총세균수는 저온에서 4.99, 중온 4.88, 고온 4.05 log CFU/mL를 나타나 탕침 온도가 높아질수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 도체 조사에서 깃털의 출현율은 탕침 온도가 높아지면서 큰 것(1cm 이상)은 중온(59-61$^{\circ}C$)부터 현저히 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으나 중온과 고온에서는 차이가 거의 없었다. 외상은 탕침 온도가 61$^{\circ}C$ 이하인 저온, 중온에서는 0.6cm를 나타냈으나 고온처리에서는 7 cm로 급격히 증가하여서 고온처리에 따른 피부의 손상이 심한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 탕침 온도가 너무 낮을 경우는 육색 및 물리적 특성은 양호하나 미생물이 증가하고, 깃털이 잘 뽑히지 않는 단점이 있으며, 고온일 경우는 황색도(b$^{*}$ )가 낮아지는 경향을 나타내며, 도체에서 깃털은 잘 뽑혔으나 표피 손상으로 근육의 노출이 많았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Berrang, M. E., Buhr, R. J., and Cason, J. A. (1999) Cam-pylobacter recovery from the surface and internal organ of commercial broiler carcasses. Abstracts, 88th Annual Meeting Poultry Science
  2. Berrang, M. E., Dickens, J. A., and Musgrove, M. T. (2000) Effects of hot water application after defeathering on the levels of Campylobacter, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli on broiler carcasses. Poult. Sci. 79(11), 1689-1693
  3. Demeyer, D., Hooze, J., and Meadom, H. (1974) Specificity of lipolysis during dry sausage ripening. J. Food Sci. 39(2), 293-296 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb02878.x
  4. Lee, S. G. (1999) Science on egg and chicken. Yoo Han press. pp. 166
  5. Thomson, J. E., Bailey, J. S., and Cox, N. A. (1979) Phosphate and heat treatments to control salmonella and reduce spoilage and rancidity on broiler carcasses. Poult. Sci. 58(1), 139-143 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0580139
  6. SAS (1987) SAS User guide : Statistics. SAS Inst Inc., Cary, NC
  7. Shackelford, A. D., Childs, R. E., and Hamann, J. A. (1969) Determination of bruise rates in broilers before and after handling by live bird pick up crews. Us. Dept. Agr. ARS. pp. 47-52
  8. Sinnhuber, R. O. and Yu, T. C. (1977) The 2-thiobarbituric acid reaction, an objective measure of the oxidative deterioration occurring in fats and oils. J. Jap. Soc. Fish. Soc. 26, 259-267
  9. Turner, E. W., Paynter, W. D., Montie, E. J., Bessert, M. W., Struck, G. M., and Olson, F. C. (1954) Use of 2-thio-barbituric acid reagent to measure rancidity in frozen pork. Food Technol. 8, 326-330
  10. Young, L. L., Reviere, R. D. and Cole, A. B. (1988) Fresh red meats: A place to apply modified atmospheres. J. Food Tech. 9, 65-69
  11. Yang, H., Li, Y., and Johnson, M. (1999) Cross-contamination of Salmonella typhimurium on chicken skin during chilling process. Abstracts, 88th Annual Meeting Poultry Science
  12. Zeidler, G. (2002) Improving HACCP system performances and poultry operations using remote monitoring and controls (RMC) technology and the wireless system. Abstracts, 91st Annual Meeting Poultry Science
  13. 高坂知久 (1975) 肉製品の鮮度保持と測定. 倉品工業 18(4),105-108
  14. 農林部告示 (2003) 畜産物 等級判定 細部基準.2003-14互, 鷄肉 等級判定基準扁
  15. 食品醫藥品安全廳 (2002) 食品別 基準 및 規格 5. 食肉製 品(註), 食品公典 文塋社 pp.220