• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.545-567
• /
• 2023

This study investigates effective ChatGPT prompts for solving mathematical problems, focusing on the chapters of quadratic equations and quadratic functions. A structured prompt was designed, following a sequence of 'Role-Rule-Example Solution-Problem-Process'. In this study, an artificial intelligence model combining GPT-4, Wolfram plugin, and Advanced Data Analysis was utilized. Wolfram was used as the primary tool for calculations to reduce computational errors. When using the structured prompt, the accuracy rate for problems from nine high school mathematics textbooks on quadratic equations and quadratic functions was 91%, showing higher performance compared to zero-shot prompts. This confirmed the effectiveness of the structured prompts in solving mathematical problems. The structured prompts designed in this study can contribute to the development of intelligent information systems for personalized and customized education.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.459-469
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the educational effect by developing and applying a decision tree-based artificial intelligence convergence education program. To achieve the purpose of this study, the study was conducted through a three-step process of preparation, development, and improvement. In addition, it consisted of four stages of the creative problem-solving process: 'Understanding the problem', 'Idea search and development', 'realization' and 'evaluation'. In particular, the artificial intelligence convergence education program developed in this study is an unplugged activity that does not include programming. Therefore, it is very noteworthy that artificial intelligence convergence education was implemented in subjects other than technology and home economics education, and information education, which are part of junior engineering education, and practical arts education in elementary education, which is a subject that learns Artificial Intelligence technology including programming during class time. In other words, it shows that AI technology can be integrated and taught in most subjects, not specific subjects and has great significance in that it can utilize the concepts and principles of artificial intelligence technology when teaching the concept of classification, which is included in the curriculum.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.961-973
• /
• 2023

With the changes in the modern computing landscape, securing containerized workloads and addressing the complexities of container networking have become critical issues. In particular, the complexity of network policy settings and the lack of cloud security architecture cause various security issues. This paper focuses on the importance of network security and efficiency in containerized environments, and analyzes the security features and performance of various container network interface plugins. In particular, the features and functions of Cilium, Calico, Weave Net, and Kube-router were compared and evaluated, and the Layer 3/4 and Layer 7 network policies and performance features provided by each plugin were analyzed. We found that Cilium and Calico provide a wide range of security features, including Layer 7 protocols, while Weave Net and Kube-router focus on Layer 3/4. We also found a decrease in throughput when applying Layer 3/4 policies and an increase in latency due to complex processing when applying Layer 7 policies. Through this analysis, we expect to improve our understanding of network policy and security configuration and contribute to building a safer and more efficient container networking environment in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2012

The objective of the present study is to identify the physico-chemical characteristics of used plug media (UPM) and its effect on growth response of tomato and cucumber seedlings. The UPM from commercial media Mix#5 (Sungro co., Ltd.) was used in this study. This media was sterilized by sterilizer at $120^{\circ}C$ in 30 minutes at 1.5 atm. Physicochemical properties of UPM was compared with new plug media (NPM). Physical properties such as air volume, particle density, solid volume, bulk density were investigated by three phase device (DIK-1130, Japan). And chemical characteristics such as $NO_3$-N, $P_2O_5$, K, Mg, Ca, $SiO_2$, CEC, OM were investigated by soil spectrophotometer (PTIZEN 1412SA, Mecasys Co., Ltd). The result indicates that air volume and water holding capacity of UPM are lower than NPM (25%, 15%, respectively). Bulk density and soil weight are more than two times higher than NPM per unit volume. Compared to NPM, there were no significant different for pH and EC. But CEC of UPM is lower than NPM 40%. In order to compare growth response and ability absorption of inorganic elements by plants, cucumber and tomato seedlings were used and chemical characteristics after growing of mediums were determined. The result indicated that seeding quality of tomato and cucumber in UPM is less than in NPM and almost inorganic ions of UPM are lower than NPM. So it is necessary to improve physicochemical properties of UPM.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.616-625
• /
• 2016

This research was conducted to investigate the optimum level of nitrogen incorporated during formulation of root media as pre-plant fertilizer on the growth of plug seedlings of 'Bool-am No.3' Chinese cabbage. A root medium was formulated by blending peatmoss:coir dust:perlite at a ratio of 3.5:3.5:3.0 (v/v/v). The nitrogen was incorporated in the seven treatments at a rate of 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the root medium formulation. The concentrations of other essential nutrients except nitrogen were controlled to equal in all treatments. Then, the root medium was packed into 72-cell plug trays and seeds were sown. The growth measurements as well as tissue and soil solution analysis for nutrients were conducted 2 and 4 weeks after seed sowing. As seedlings grew, the pH in the extracted solution of all treatments tended to decrease. The decreases in the treatments of high N concentrations were more severe than those with low N, but the differences among treatments were not statistically significant. The differences of EC in extracted solution of root media among treatments were sizable until week 3, but the differences began to lessen and the EC decreased in all treatments after week 4. Growth of the aerial parts of plug seedlings at 2 weeks after sowing were highest in the $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and lowest in the $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatments, but those at 4 weeks after sowing were highest in the $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and lowest in the $0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatments among all treatments tested. The tissue N content was highest and lowest in the treatments of 250 and $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively, when tissues were harvested at 4 weeks after sowing and analysed based on the dry weight of above-ground tissue. The contents of micronutrients were the highest in the 1,000 and $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatments among all treatments. The results shown above indicate that the $250mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of pre-plant N and elevation of post-plant N concentration to above $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ are suitable for raising plug seedlings of Chinese cabbage using inert media.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.736-745
• /
• 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various pre-planting $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios on the growth of plug seedlings of 'Bool-am No.3' Chinese cabbage. With fixation of the pre-planting N concentrations to $300mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in a peatmoss+coir dust+perlite (3.5:3.5:3, v/v/v) medium, the $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios were varied to 0:100, 27:73, 50:50, 73:27, 100:0. Then, the each of root media containing various ratios of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ as well as equal concentrations of other essential nutrients was packed into 72-cell plug trays. After seeds of 'Bool-am No.3' Chinese cabbage were sown, the seedling growths were measured 2 and 4 weeks after sowing. The weekly analysis of root media and end-crop tissue analysis for mineral nutrients 4 weeks after seed sowing were also conducted. As the seedlings grew up, the pH of the root media increased, however ECs in all treatments of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios decreased. The concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in root media were higher in the treatments of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) and $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (73:27) than those of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (0:100) and $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (27:73) 2 weeks after seed sowing. But the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Zn were get lowered in all treatments and the differences among treatments were not significant 4 weeks after sowing. The highest $NH_4{^+}$ and lowest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations of the root media were observed in the $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) among all treatments. Contrary to these, the treatment of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (0:100) had the lowest $NH_4{^+}$ and highest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations. The seedling growth in terms of fresh and dry weights of aerial part were the highest in the treatment of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (23:73) at 2 weeks after sowing and those of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (50:50) at 4 weeks after sowing. The survival rate of seedlings in $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) treatment were 19% and the growth of aerial part 4 weeks after sowing was the poorest among all treatments tested. The results mentioned above indicate that the pre-planting $NH_4{^+}$ ratio in inert media should not exceed 25% in plug stage 1 through 3 (until 2 true leaf development) and 50% in plug stage 4 (after 2 true leaves to transplant).

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.78-90
• /
• 2009

이더넷(Ethernet)은 본래 캠퍼스, 기업이나 가정 등 근거리의 LAN 영역에 주로 사용되는 기술이었으나 플러그 앤 플레이(plug and play)와 같은 단순함(simplicity), 적은 설치 비용 및 쉬운 운용 등을 장점으로, 통신 사업자 및 운용자(carrier)의 고유영역인 MAN/WAN에서도 사용 가능한 메트로 이더넷 및 캐리어 이더넷(Metro/Carrier Ethernet)으로 빠른 속도로 진화 발전하고 있는 상황이다. 캐리어 이더넷은 탄력성(resiliency), 신뢰성(reliability), 확장성(scalability), 관리성(manageability) 등과 같은 특징을 중요시하는 통신 사업자 환경에서 이더넷 기반 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 확장된 이더넷 기술을 의미한다. 본 고에서는 캐리어 이더넷 기술에 대한 정의와 관련 서비스를 소개하고, MEF, IEEE 802, ITU-T, IETF 등 국제 기구 및 연관 포럼에서 진행중인 캐리어 이더넷 기술의 표준화 동향을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.838-840
• /
• 2005

웹 어플리케이션 개발에 있어서 동적인 컨텐츠를 생성하는 기술은 매우 다양하다. 본 논문은 동적인 컨텐츠를 생성하는 어플리케이션을 위하여 동적공유객체를 사용하는 기술인 DHE(DCL HTTP Server Extension)에 대하여 다룬다. DHE는 DHE 서블릿과 DHE 서블릿 컨테이너로 이루어져 있다. 서블릿(Servlet)은 HTTP 요청에 대한 구체적인 처리를 하도록 개발된 DSO이고 서블릿 컨테이너에 의하여 실행된다. 서블릿 컨테이너는 이미 널리 사용되고 있는 웹 서버 소프트웨어의 플러그인(plug-in) 형태로 개발되며 서블릿에게 웹 서버 소프트웨어간에 이식이 가능하도록 하는 독립된 환경을 제공한다. DHE의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 동일한 알고리즘이 적용되어 작성된 ASP. PHP, JSP 어플리케이션과 성능비교 실험을 실시 하였다. 실험의 결과는 DHE가 가장 적은 VM(Virtual Memory)를 사용하고 있었고 200라인 이상(27.8KB)의 문자열을 생성하는 실험에서 단위 시간당 처리할 수 있는 HTTP 요청의 개수가 JSP에 비하여 3배 이상, ASP, PHP에 비하여 6배 이상의 결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.550-552
• /
• 1998

본 논문은 인터넷web browser(Netscape communicator 또는 Netscape Navigator)기능에 문서보안 기능 등을 통해서 안심하고를 사용할 수 있는 클라이언트 환경을 제공한다. 보안 모듈을 사용하여 보안 데이터 전송을 수행한다. 본 보안 데이터 전송을 수행한다. 본 보안 모듈의 특징은 소프트웨어적으로 보안 환경을 사용하든 하드웨어적으로 보안 환경을 사용하든 독점적인 환경에서 웹 보안 기능을 제공할 수 있는 장점을 가진다. 일반적으로 보안이 절실히 요구되는 환경은 인트라넷이 구축된 경우이다. 이런 인트라넷 환경에서는 본 논문에서 제안하는 보안 기능을 사용할 경우 독점적인 보안 기능을 제공할 수 있다. 그리고 일반적인 인터넷 환경에서 보안을 만족하기 위하여 서버, 클라이언트 양쪽에서 모두 보안 모듈을 가져야 한다. 본 논문은 클라이언트 측에서 필요한 보안 모듈의 설계 및 구현 내용에 대해서 언급한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2013.01a
• /
• pp.295-298
• /
• 2013

미래 전장 환경하의 복합/다종 무기체계를 대상으로 하는 군수 시뮬레이션 모델링 방법론은 기존의 에이전트 시스템에서 실시간성 및 신뢰성뿐만 아니라, 국내 군수 환경을 수용할 수 있는 모델이어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이 같은 전장상황이라는 특수성에 맞는 다중 에이전트 기반의 모델링 방법론을 제안하다. 다중 에이전트 시스템에서 효과적으로 모델링하기 위하여 군수 시뮬레이션의 모델을 Information, Function model 로 나누고 에이전트 시스템의 중추적인 역할을 하는 Agent Management System(AMS) 을 Management model 로 구성한다. 제안하는 모델링 방법론은 다양한 도메인에서도 구성하기 적합하여 확장성과 유연성의 이점이 있으며, 각 모델이 플러그인 형식으로 구현되어 유사한 도메인에 적용할 때 재사용성이 높은 모델링 방법론을 제시한다.