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Impact of Pre-planting NH4+:NO3- Ratios in Inert Media on the Growth of Chinese Cabbage Plug Seedlings

혼합상토에 기비로 혼합된 질소의 NH4+:NO3- 비율이 배추의 플러그 묘 생장에 미치는 영향

  • Sung, Jwa Kyung (Division of Soil and Fertilizers, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Nu Ri (Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Jong Myung (Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University)
  • 성좌경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 이누리 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 최종명 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과)
  • Received : 2016.02.04
  • Accepted : 2016.08.25
  • Published : 2016.10.31

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various pre-planting $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios on the growth of plug seedlings of 'Bool-am No.3' Chinese cabbage. With fixation of the pre-planting N concentrations to $300mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in a peatmoss+coir dust+perlite (3.5:3.5:3, v/v/v) medium, the $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios were varied to 0:100, 27:73, 50:50, 73:27, 100:0. Then, the each of root media containing various ratios of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ as well as equal concentrations of other essential nutrients was packed into 72-cell plug trays. After seeds of 'Bool-am No.3' Chinese cabbage were sown, the seedling growths were measured 2 and 4 weeks after sowing. The weekly analysis of root media and end-crop tissue analysis for mineral nutrients 4 weeks after seed sowing were also conducted. As the seedlings grew up, the pH of the root media increased, however ECs in all treatments of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios decreased. The concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in root media were higher in the treatments of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) and $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (73:27) than those of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (0:100) and $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (27:73) 2 weeks after seed sowing. But the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Zn were get lowered in all treatments and the differences among treatments were not significant 4 weeks after sowing. The highest $NH_4{^+}$ and lowest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations of the root media were observed in the $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) among all treatments. Contrary to these, the treatment of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (0:100) had the lowest $NH_4{^+}$ and highest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations. The seedling growth in terms of fresh and dry weights of aerial part were the highest in the treatment of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (23:73) at 2 weeks after sowing and those of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (50:50) at 4 weeks after sowing. The survival rate of seedlings in $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) treatment were 19% and the growth of aerial part 4 weeks after sowing was the poorest among all treatments tested. The results mentioned above indicate that the pre-planting $NH_4{^+}$ ratio in inert media should not exceed 25% in plug stage 1 through 3 (until 2 true leaf development) and 50% in plug stage 4 (after 2 true leaves to transplant).

상토에 기비로 혼합된 질소의 $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ 비율이 '불암 3호' 배추의 플러그묘 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 코이어 더스트:피트모스:펄라이트가 3.5:3.5:3(v/v/v)으로 혼합된 상토를 조제하는 과정에서 기비로 혼합된 질소 수준을 $300mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$으로 고정하고, $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ 비율을 0:100, 27:73, 50:50, 73:27, 100:0으로 조절하였다. 각각의 $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ 처리구에 다른 필수적인 비료는 동일하게 배합하여 72구 플러그트레이에 충전하였다. 배추 종자를 파종한 후, 2주와 4주 뒤에 지상부 생육을 조사하였다. 식물체내 무기원소 함량은 파종 4주 후 묘를 분석하였고, 매주 채취한 상토를 이용하여 무기원소 농도를 분석하였다. 파종 후 묘의 생장이 진행됨에 따라 상토의 pH가 점차 상승하고 EC가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 파종 2주 후 $NH_4{^+}$ 비율이 높았던 처리에서 $NO_3{^-}$ 비율이 높았던 처리들 보다 상토의 K, Ca, 및 Mg 농도가 높았지만 파종 4주 후 모든 처리에서 매우 낮은 농도로 분석되었고 처리간 차이도 뚜렷하지 않았다. 상토의 $NO_3{^-}$ 농도는 $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$(100:0) 처리에서 가장 낮았고, $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$(0:100) 처리에서 가장 높았으며, $NH_4{^+}$ 농도는 반대의 경향을 보였다. 파종 2주 후의 배추 유묘는 $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ 비율을 27:73으로 조절한 처리에서 지상부 생체중 및 건물중이 가장 무거웠으며, 파종 4주 후에는 50:50으로 조절한 처리에서 가장 무거웠다. 100:0($NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$)처리의 경우 발아 후 생존율이 약 19%였고, 생존한 식물체의 4주 후 지상부 생장도 가장 저조하였다. 이상의 결과는 배추 플러그 육묘시 식물이 어린 상태에서는 $NH_4{^+}$ 비율을 기비로 혼합된 총 질소의 25% 이하로, 식물이 어느 정도 생장한 상태이더라도 50% 이하로 조절하여야 $NH_4{^+}$ 독성을 방지할 수 있음을 의미한다.

Keywords

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