• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.34-50
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• 2012

This study conducted the empirical analysis of the influence that are quality attributes, and strengths, weaknesses, low ranking and excess of Korean restaurants menu on revisit intention based on differences between importance and satisfaction by surveying Korean students in Paris, and also conducting IPA analysis based on survey result. The result of IPA analysis showed weaknesses that are the visual elements of foods; in contrast it showed strengths that are the price, temperature, taste, quantity, cleanliness, freshness, and flavor of dishes. Also it showed low ranking that are seasonal items, authenticity, originality, sizes, colors, texture, explanations, ingredients, recipes of menu, classification of healthy food, suitability of bowls, creativity of existing food. Therefore, it is found that the higher recognition of attributes, organic functions, properties, and explanations of menu, the higher revisit intention. It showed that explanations, sensibility, characters, quality of menu influenced on revisit intention according priority by analysis of quality attributes of menu on revisit intention. This study is significant in that it provides useful data services for marketing strategies and operational suggestions to globalization of Korean food by analysis local menu of Korean food service industry.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1997

Retention ponds have been dug along some of the motorways to control water flow during rainstorms and to minmize environmental pollution. A retention pond located at Les Ardilleres about 20km South of Orleans along the A-71 motorway has been selected to evaluate the effectiveness of such a pond as a trap for heavy metals. Based on the "index of geoaccumulation" and the "enrichment factor" normalized to Fe introduced by Muller in 1979 and by Helz in 1976, respectively, the degree of contamination by heavy metals for the roadside soil and the settling particles was evaluated. As expected, the contamination was very severe in the roadside soil, while it was not so great in the settling particles. Using these methods, cadmium anomaly was traced in the settling particles of the retention pond, their occurrence being attributed partly to natural and partly to anthropogenic pollution. The estimated input of heavy metals associated with settling particles to the pond was 0.9 g/day Pb, 2.1 g/day Zn and 6mg/day Cd. A tentative mass balance of Pb and Zn originated by motor vehicles suggested that only 5 to l1% of heavy metals deposited on the surface of the motorway is carried to the retention pond by runoff water ; suggestions are made to improve their efficiency.ve their efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.901-915
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• 2012

This study comparatively analyzes the characteristics, changes, and differences in class-based costume typology according to a concept of $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century common people in France. The methods and contents are as follow. First, the scope of common people is grasped according to the historical background and a concept of $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century common people in France. Second, through considering a prior research on analyzing the data of ancient documents on the economy of clothing, it classifies common people into bourgeoisie, urban common people, rural common people, and the destitute. It then examines diachronic evolution, and class-based synchronic difference in the consumption of $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century common people's costumes in France. Third, it analyzes the appearance frequency by period according to type of common people's costumes, which were shown in pictorial materials with 283 sheets of engravings and 54 pieces of paintings; in addition, it reconstructs the succession and expansion in typology. It grasps differences and changes in morphology by class, space, and period of typology for common people's costumes. Common people's consumption of costumes was understood to have grown in qualitative aspects as well as a rise in the whole clothing demand. A class-based structure formed and indicated that a fashion cycle existed. As a result of analyzing common people's clothes (shown in pictorial materials of the $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century) 41 items were grasped by gender and according to costume kind. Typology in common people's costumes (classified into bourgeoisie, urban common people, rural common people, and the destitute) showed a change by period. A change in typical costume typology was accepted more by the bourgeoisie than by urban and rural common people, and was accepted more by rural communities than by urban populations. Thus, a difference was formed through an expansion with a temporal difference that depended on class and space.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1580-1588
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• 2023

The desire for clear and clean skin is universal among both men and women. Women, in particular, seek the help of foundation to achieve beautiful and transparent skin. The choice of foundation is not determined by the race of an individual; instead, it varies based on personal skin color and undertone. Therefore, there is a need to surpass the stereotype of using foundation colors based on racial discrimination. The purpose of this study is to randomly select cosmetics brands from Korea, China, Japan, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, considering the impact of each photo, environment, and equipment. The objective is to understand the differences in skin tones in foundation advertisement model images on websites. Analyzing the RGB values of foundation colors for each brand revealed that in Korea, the colors were 8.75R, 1.25YR, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, and 6.25YR. Chinese brands showed similar colors with 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 10YR. Japanese brands displayed colors such as 7.5R, 8.75R, 10R, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 7.5YR. American brands presented colors like 6.25R, 8.75R, 10R, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR. French brands featured 10R, 1.25YR, 3.75YR, 5YR. Lastly, British brands displayed 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 7.5YR. As a follow-up study, in-depth research on the reshaping and color changes of foundation over time is recommended. It is hoped that this research will serve as fundamental data for makeup companies' marketing and contribute to the development of both domestic and international color cosmetics markets.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2024

We This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the theme of 'libertinage' and the associated issues of reason and emotion in 『Dangerous Liaisons』, a novel considered a masterpiece of libertine literature and an epistolary novel of the 18th century, using digital analysis tools. First, based on the frequency analysis of word usage using Voyant and LIWC 22, we confirmed that libertinage is manifested with keywords such as 'love' and 'time'. With Voyant's 'Contexts' feature, it was found that the letters sent by Valmont to Madame de Tourvel and those sent by Madame de Merteuil both have 'love' as the central theme. However, emotional vocabulary was higher in the former, whereas strategic vocabulary was more prevalent in the latter. Additionally, it was observed that the most frequently used word in the letters sent by Madame de Merteuil is 'time', with a higher frequency than 'love'. Thirdly, using LIWC 22, we measured the analytical thinking and emotional tone of the letters exchanged by the main characters, and analyzed how these values changed according to the chapters. Through these analyses, we confirmed that this novel, alongside Rousseau's "New Eloise," anticipates romanticism by embracing the theme of 'emotion,' which was rejected by 18th-century Enlightenment ideals.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.139-144
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• 2021

Since the human act to pursue beauty is the most natural desire and instinct, the demand for a new beauty trend in line with the 4th industrial revolution era, in which aesthetic interest in human appearance management along with the importance of appearance is increasing day by day is very necessary at this time. In order to derive the source from art, which is closely related to beauty studies, the shape and texture of women's hair design appearing in 'Chinoiserie' style Western paintings that were popular in Europe and France in the 18th century. As a result of the study, the hair design of women appearing in four Western paintings showed characteristics of each individual shape, texture, and color. Through this study, the foundation stone for the development of a new mode hairstyle for modern people living in a rapidly changing era while quarreling with the village, and the foundation stone for the development of various beauty contents.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.7-48
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• 2009

The recent crises of Marxism do not mean Marx’s crisis. Marx said that he was not a Marxist. The purposes of this essay explore (1) the modern identity of the political economy; (2) the possibilities of mutual understanding between neoclassical economics and Marxist economics; (3) problems of the political economy in media and communication industry. I have begged for analytical Marxists, because of their good fruits. They accepted the methods of modern social science and they constituted a tremendous advance in the application of the scientific methods to the study of society. In insisting on micro-foundations(methodological individualism), analytical Marxism distinguished itself from structuralism and functionalism. I appreciate that analytical Marxism has reduced a theory to practice. But the works didn’t listen to everyone(from Marxists to un-Marxists), and explain everything. Making theory with production/consumption, macro/micro, and structure/behavior is a road to the political economy in the long run. It also applies to media and communication industry. The realm of media/communication is broad, which in philosophy, humanities, politics, economics, sociology, and engineering. And media policy is more complicated by politicians who look at the same situation from different angles. By the aid of interdisciplinary research, the political economy of media/communication shall explain at full length.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.207-231
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the state of problem solving in Korean elementary mathematics. To do this, we considered the meaning of problem and problem solving in mathematics education, and analyzed the mathematics curricula in the longitudinal-latitudinal dimensions respectively. The longitudinal one consists in examining and comparing the all-time Korean elementary mathematics curricula. Meanwhile the latitudinal one consists in examining and comparing the elementary mathematics curricula of Singapore, the United Kingdom, Japan, and France. As a result of analysis, we selected ten sieves for analysing Korean elementary mathematics textbooks according to the 7th mathematics curriculum. By the analysis, we conclude that we teach problem solving quite positively in school mathematics relative to another countries, in particular we have to reconsider some issues including dealing problem solving as a independent content not a process integrated in other contents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.383-383
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• 2023

오늘날 수문학 분야에서는 유역에 대한 강우-유출 시뮬레이션을 머신 러닝(ML: Machine Learning)을 활용하여 다양한 연구를 실행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 시간별 강우-유출 예측 모델인 GR4H(Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Horaires)를 사용하여 충주댐 유역을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 유역의 속성에 따라서 모델의 성능이 어떻게 달라지는지 비교하여 특성에 맞는 모델을 알아내고. 또한 이 과정에서 기상 및 유출 데이터의 보정 길이를 가지고 어느 정도의 데이터 기간이 모델에서 좋은 성능을 보이는지 파악하였다. 뿐만 아니라 모델에 필요한 선행기간의 데이터가 있는 경우와 없는 경우를 비교하여 어떠한 차이를 보이는지, 그리고 선행기간은 얼마나 필요한지 연구를 통하여 알아냈다. 본 연구를 통하여 충주댐 유역에 대한 모델의 적용성 및 성능을 파악하고 수문 모형 구축에 제한이 있는 유역에 대해서도 사용이 가능한지 판단한다. 실험 유역의 관측 값을 모델에 입력한 후 각 모델에 해당하는 매개변수의 최적값을 찾아내는 과정을 거쳐 시뮬레이션을실 행했다. 본 연구에서 사용한 강우-유출 모델인 GR4H는 프랑스의 INRAE-Antony(Institut National de la recherche agronomique-Antony)에서 만들어진 airGR의 일종으로, 시간별 강우-유출 예측을 위해 개발된 공정 기반(process-based)의 집중적, 개념적 수문학 모델이다. 4개의 매개변수(parameter)가 있으며 이는 유역의 특정 속성을 나타낸다. GR4H를 시뮬레이션 하는 과정에서 매개변수의 최적화를 위해 적절한 보정 길이를 파악하여야 한다. 이러한 과정은 4년, 5년, 6년 등 1년씩 데이터의 양을 늘려가며 매개변수를 최적화한다. 이 과정에서 기상 및 유출 데이터의 적절한 보정 길이를 찾아낸다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻은 데이터를 관측 값과 비교하여 모델의 성능을 평가하고 다른 관측 값을 통해 시뮬레이션을 실행하여 검증을 거친다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2024

This study presents investigation on the technical characteristics and field cases of the salt cavern storage method for large-scale hydrogen storage. The salt cavern storage method enables effective hydrogen storage compared to other methods due to the low porosity and permeability of the rock salt that constitutes the cavern, which is not likely to leak and requires a small amount of cushion gas for operation. In addition, there is no chemical reaction between rock salt and hydrogen, and multiple injection/withdrawl cycles can be performed making it effective for peak shaving and short-term storage. The salt cavern is formed in three stages: leaching, debrining, and filling, and leakage tests are conducted to ensure stable operation. Field applications are currently performing to meet industrial demand in the surrounding area of four sites in the UK and Texas, USA, and salt cavern operation is being prepared for energy storage in European countries such as Germany and France. The investigated results in this study can be utilized as a basic guideline for the design of future hydrogen storage projects.