• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.195-234
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• 2009

This paper examines relative contributions of extensive margin and intensive margin of Korean exports growth to China after 1990s', based on an analytical approach proposed by the Hummels and Klenow(2005). In this paper, extensive margin is defined as a weighted count of Korean exports categories relative to the rest of world's export categories to China. On the other hand, intensive margin refers to Korean exports to China relative to the rest of the world's exports to China, exclusively in those product categories that Korea exports to China. According to the results of the analysis, the expansion of Korean exports to China was induced mainly by the increase of intensive margin. This result is consistent with $Besede{\check{s}}$ and Prusa(2007) as well as the Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein(2007) who suggest that intensive margin is a more important factor than extensive margin for sustaining growth of export in the long term. In addition, this paper shows that the survival rates of exports of parts and components and capital goods is relatively higher in comparison to those of primary and consumption goods. This implies that the expansion of international division of labor under the global production network could substantially affect the survival of exports.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.175-197
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• 2017

As a revision negotiation on the KORUS FTA has become a national pending issue, this study aims to analyze changes in the trade structure of Korean export industry before and after the KORUS FTA. For the analysis, this study used Market Comparative Advantage(MCA) and Intra-industry Trade(IIT) indexes. Results of the analysis are as follows: First, in analyzing the competitive and complementary relationships of export products using the MCA index, it was discovered that Korea has formed an export-oriented complementary relationship with the United States. Second, the results of analysing IIT showed that Korea has made a low-quality vertical IIT with the U.S. in some items while it has usually made a weak IIT with the U.S.. Based on the results above, this study proposes a few policy suggestions in the following areas: Improvement of competitiveness in trade-deficit service sector, achievement of the balance of profit and loss in goods and service sectors through the revision negotiation of the KORUS FTA, enhancement of competitiveness in competitive and comparative disadvantage items, reinforcement of ability to respond to consumption patterns in U.S. market, etc. in export-dominant items, and pursuit of horizontal-vertical division of labor in comparative advantage items and horizontal division of labor in comparative disadvantage items.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

There are index adjustment method and item adjustment method in estimation methods for price fluctuation rate of public constructions. A relevant regulation has put item adjustment method as a principle, but in most construction, contract sum adjustment has been made by index adjustment method. Hence, this study, by figuring out width and causes of the gap between index adjustment method and item adjustment method through direct comparative analysis, solved inequality caused by difference between them and suggested a rational way against irrationality of each method. For building operations of public housing construction, a detailed fluctuation rate by index adjustment method and item adjustment method of construction cost elements of the same construction, that is, direct material cost, direct labor cost and historical construction cost was estimated to analyze difference between two adjustments and establish its cause. Across the analysis, it was found that fluctuation rate by item adjustment method was estimated lower than that by index adjustment method and difference between methods for estimating fluctuation rate of quotation unit price and application of index unrelated to construction type and construction nature are main causes of the difference. This study has a significance in that, for smooth contract sum adjustment between contracting parties, it practically proved the real difference between adjustment methods by conducting comparative analysis of the difference in direct correspondence way.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to select the import and export goods which contribute to activate the operation of port hinterland. The spatial ranges of this study are A-am 1 logistics complex and 4dock hinterland. The Factor Analysis(FA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) are used as the methodologies. Eleven low evaluation factors including 'creation of traffic cargo volume' are selected by precedent studies and four high evaluation factors including 'effective management' are grouped through factor analysis. As the result of priority among low evaluation factors through AHP, 'creation of traffic cargo volume' is the most important factor. Moreover using the AHP, 'electronic component' is the most important item which activate the Port of Incheon and its hinterland. So cargos which have the potential to create traffic cargo volume such as 'electronic component' must be managed strategically and this study can be used as important index when people concerned attract items.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.109-130
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• 2018

The cumulative standard is one of the criteria determining the origin of imported goods and is a provision that allows non-origin materials to be treated as origin goods when satisfying certain conditions. Regarding the Korea-Canada FTA, new cumulative standards were applied concerning cross accumulation of automobile products. It would benefit U.S. originating intermediate goods of HS code chapter 84, 85, 87, and 94 obtained into HS code heading from 8701 into 8706. We examine the effectiveness of crossover cumulative standards through the change in the import values of 84, 85, 87, 94, which are target items for cross cumulation. Only items designated for automobile parts were selected and analyzed. From the estimation results, significant changes appeared in 20 of the 35 items. It was found that the import amount increased significantly as of January 2015 or the rate of change in trend increases more than before. In addition, the estimation results show that Korean auto companies utilizing the cumulative standards through increased imports of auto parts form the U.S.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.63-107
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• 2016

This paper analyzed the restrictiveness of the rules of origin of the 15 FTAs of Korea utilizing the restrictiveness index suggested by Estevadeordal(2000). The main purpose of the paper is to provide an update of the current status and characteristics of the restrictiveness of the rules of origin based on product type and country. The research showed that FTA with EU and Turkey showed the highest restrictiveness, whereas New Zealand, Peru and India showed the lowest. Overall, Korea's restrictiveness index was found to be at appropriate levels. Additionally, in terms of the current status by restrictiveness index, over time with the exception of European countries in the FTA, products with the lowest score in restrictiveness index of 2 continued to be processed in the Korea-Peru FTA which illustrated the current trend of easing restrictiveness. In terms of restrictiveness index based on product type, commodity products, processed food, clothing-fabric-general merchandise were found to be very strict. However, in categories such as general machinery, electronics, chemical products and precision instruments, the restrictiveness index showed the lowest readings. The results imply the high restrictiveness in sensitive products that are vulnerable from competition through high tariffs, and easing of restrictiveness in competitive products in order to vitalize trade. The results also show that in Korea's FTA, Korea's rules of origin in FTA vary and are sorted in a complicated manner. With an increasing number of FTAs and a number of different rules of origin, there is a need for standardized criteria for Korea. This study was significant in that it compiled all the rules of origin and the restrictiveness index of all FTAs that came into effect and have been negotiated in Korea. The results of the research are expected to be used as an informative and meaningful guideline for Korea's FTAs.

• Food Industry
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• s.24
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• pp.72-77
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• 1975

이상 식품의 품질에 관하여 논한바를 다음과 같이 요약하여본다. 가. 식품기업에서 자기가 생산판매한 품목을 결정하는것도 중요하지만 그 품목의 품질을 규정하는 것도 대단히 중요하다. 나. 식품의 품질은 절대적인 것이 아니고 상대적이여서 식품자체의 특성뿐만 아니라 소비자에 따라서 여러가지의 요소가 좌우된다. 다. 식품의 품질요소중에서 가장 중요한 것은 소비자의 기호를 만족시켜주는 색, 맛, 향미, 텍스츄아등의 관능적특성이며 이화학적특성은 관능적특성을 위한 이차적인 요소라고 할수있다. 라. 따라서 품질의 이화학적 분석결과에서 너무 의존하지 말고 항상 관능적인 평가를 병합하여야 할것이다. 마. 최근 과학적으로 발전하여 체계화되고 선진국의 식품업계에서 많이 활용되고 있는 식품의 관능검사방법을 우리나라에서도 도입하여 품질향상에 기여하여야 할 것이다.

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.12 no.9 s.133
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• pp.46-47
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• 1990

우리는 지난해BOP졸업으로 국제사회에서 양반노릇을 하게 되었다. 이제 양반의 지위 유지를 위해서는 냉수마시고 이빨쑤시는 막대한 고통이 따르고 비용이 들게 되었다. 과거 개도국으로 누려왔던 혜택을 포기해야 하기때문에 UR협상이 타결되면 선진국과 같은 수준으로 수입개방되고, 정부정책도 보호나 규제에서 시장기능에 맡겨진다. 이제 우리는 총론적 반대에서 구체적인 산업구조조정에 필요한 유예기간을 최대화 하고, 주요 품목을 선정해서 끝까지 비교역적 고려사항 대상품목으로 인정받아야 할 것이다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• no.8 s.184
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

식품의약품안전청은 소량포장단위 공급 적용대상에서 퇴장방지의약품 및 50원 이하의 저가의약품을 제외하고, 이미 생산한 소량포장단위 품목 재고량을 포함하여 차등적으로 약국 및 병의원 등에 공급할 수 있도록 의약품 소량포장단위 공급에 관한 규정 일부개정고시안을 발표했다. 이를 통해 식약청은 제도를 합리적으로 운영하고, 소량포장단위 품목 생산 및 공급업소명 등의 정보를 공개토록 하여 부당한 재고를 방지하고 유통 활성화 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 본 고에서는 주요 내용과 함께 신.구조문을 비교해 살펴보도록 한다.

• Vending industry
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• v.2 no.7 s.8
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• pp.73-78
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• 2003

자연계의 모든 생물은 대체로 천적이 있다. 생물은 언제나 많은 천적으로 둘러싸여 있으며 이로 인해 자연의 평형이 이루어지고 있다. 그런데 이런 천적관계는 비단 생물에 있어서만 적용되는 게 아니다. 자판기 분야도 그 외부환경 요인이라든가 경쟁 대상 품목 등에 있어 천적의 관계를 형성하고 있는 경우가 많다. 필수 불가결한 품목특성을 갖지 못하는 자판기 특성상 유난히 이러한 천적의 연결고리를 많이 찾아 볼 수 있다. 금호 기획취재에는 자판기의 천적 관계를 조명해 보는 시간을 마련했다. 이 천적관계도 산업의 발전을 막는 나쁜 면으로서 만이 아닌 싫든 좋든 공존 공생해야 하는 동반자적 관계이다. 이러한 측면에서 천적관계 조명을 통해 보다 자판기 산업의 자생력을 강화할 수 있는 계기를 만들고자 함이 본란의 기획취지이다.