• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the degree of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers and to further examine the relationships between children and mothers. Methods: The subjects were 281 children from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school located in Gwangju and their mothers. Results: NQ of the children was $66.8{\pm}14.2$, which was in the third (medium) grade. Among the five factors, the scores for Moderation and Diversity were in the second (high) grade, but those for Regularity, Practice, and Balance were in the third grade. Children of non-working mothers had significantly higher scores for NQ and Balance than those of working mothers. Children of mothers with age over 40 had a significantly higher score on Diversity than those with mothers under age 40. Children of mothers with higher education showed higher score for Regularity than those with lower education. Children from high-income families had higher score for Moderation. The score for children keeping the Dietary Guidelines was $78.8{\pm}10.5$ and children of non-working mothers showed higher score than those of working mothers. The score for mothers practicing the Dietary Guidelines was $80.6{\pm}9.4$ and non-working mothers and mothers with age over 40 had higher score. Children's NQ showed significant correlation with the score for keeping the Dietary Guidelines for children (r = 0.789, p < 0.001) and also with that of mothers (r = 0.235, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results show that NQ of elementary school children in Gwangju is in the medium grade, the degree of practicing the Dietary Guidelines for children is pretty fair, and these factors are influenced by their mother's socioeconomic characteristics such as employment, age, education, and family income.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to seek SPAIR's reversal time (TI) which satisfies two conditions ; maintaining the suppression ability of fat tissue and simultaneously minimizing the inhomogeneity of fat tissue in T2 high-speed spin echo 3.0T magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the brain, and to compare SPAIR with STIR which is fat-suppression technique. The reversal times (TI) of SPAIR protocol are set to 1/2, 1/3, 1/6 and 1/12 of SPAIR TR (420 msec), namely 210 msec (8 people), 140 msec (26 people), 70 msec (26 people) and 35 msec (18 people) and STIR TI is set with 250 msec (26 people). With these parameter sets, we acquired the axis direction 104 images of the brain. In ROI ($50\;mm^2$) of output image, signal intensities of the fatty tissue, the muscular tissue, and the background were measured and the CNRs of fatty tissue and the muscular tissue were calculated. The inhomogeneity of the fatty tissue is SD/mean, where SD is the standard deviation and 'mean' is a average fatty tissue signal. Consequently, SPAIR TI is determined on either 1/3 or 1/6 of TR (420 ms) ; 140 ms or 70 ms. Because the difference of statistics in fat-suppression ability and inhomogeneity of fatty tissue is very small (p < 0.001), Selecting 140 ms seems to be better choice for the image quality. Meanwhile, Comparing SPAIR (TI : 140 ms) with STIR, the fat-suppression is not able to be considered statistically (p < 0.252), but the image quality is able to be considered statistically (p < 0.01). In conclusion, SPAIR is better than STIR in the image quality.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.343-352
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of use and necessity of Korean traditional Pyebaeck foods using questionnaire. The subjects of this study consisted of 621 housewives in Daegu area. The results were summarized as follows: The most often used foods of Pyebaeck refreshments included alcoholic drinks(80.0%), Bamgoim(73.8%), Daechugoim(73.4%). The refreshments were most often purchased from caterers(39.6%), and mainly used for marriages of their brothers and sisters(33.3%). The standard number of foods prepared was 7 to 10(42.2%). The most used container for Pyebaeck refreshments is bamboo basket(30.6%). 62.0% of the respondents needed Pyebaeck refreshments and the reason for refreshment preparation was mainly “because it is a Korean tradition”(82.3%) and the reason why most respondents do not think the Pyebaeck refreshments are necessary was “it's troublesome and complicated”(41.1%). The refreshments most frequently included were alcoholic drinks(63.7%) and Daechugoim(47.0%). Most of the respondents(84.9%) said that the Pyebaeck refreshments should be improved and 48.0% said the improvement method should consider the traditional tastes, flavors and arrangements fit to modem sense. Although following the traditions of Pyebaeck refreshments itself is difficult, the concept of Pyebaeck refreshments can develop into a modern concept with new meaning if we improve and adjust it in a way fit to modem lifestyles.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2008

Accounting for tumor motion in treatment planning and delivery is one of the most recent and significant challenges facing radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and clarified the relationship between the motion of an external marker using the Real-Time Position Management (RPM) System and an internal organ motion signal obtained fluoroscope. We enrolled 10 patients with locally advanced lung cancer and liver cancer, retrospectively. The external marker was a plastic box, which is part of the RPM used to track the patient's respiration. We investigated the quantitatively correlation between the motions of an external marker with RPM and internal motion with fluoroscope. The internal fiducial motion is predominant in the caraniocaudal direction, with a range of $1.3{\sim}3.5cm$ with fluoroscopic unit. The external fiducial motion is predominant in the caraniocaudal direction, with a range of $0.43{\sim}2.19cm$ with RPM gating. The two measurements ratio is from 1.31 to 5.56. When the regularization guided standard deviation is from 0.08 to 0.87, mean 0.204 cm, except only for patients #3 separated by a mean 0.13 cm, maximum of 0.23 cm. This result is a good correlation between internal tumor motion imaged by fluoroscopic unit and external marker motion with RPM during expiration within 0.23 cm. We have demonstrated that gating may be best performed but special attention should be paid to gating for patients whose fiducials do not move in synchrony, because targeting on the correct phase difference alone would not guarantee that the entire tumor volume is within the treatment field.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.239-255
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand middle school Home Economics teachers' family value and needs on learning objectives of family life area, and to identify the relationship between the two. Data was collected from the survey mailed to the teachers responsible for family life area in $\lceil$Technology/Home Economics$\rfloor$ in middle schools in Korea. The collected 312 questionnaires were used for final analysis. SPSS/WIN program was used for calculating average, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA with post-verification scheffe., and correlation analysis. Followings are the summary of the results of this study. Firstly, the family value of middle school Home Economics teachers was relatively modern. They had very modem sense of value in all of the sub-areas such as sense of value on marriage. on gender role. on children, on filial love, and familism. Secondly, regarding needs on family life area of learning objects of Home Economics teachers, the requirement on emancipatory system of action was the highest. technical system of action was the next, and Communicative System of Action was the lowest. Thirdly, in the relationship between the needs of teaming objects of family life area and the family value, the needs of technical and interpretive behavioral system had few things to do with the family value. However. the needs on teaming object needs of emancipatory system of action was higher as the family value was modern. The trend in the relationship with needs was same in all the sub-areas such as sense of value on marriage, on gender role, on children. on filial love, and familism. However, the family value and the achievement level of family life area goals did not show significant correlation. Fourthly, regarding the family value and the needs on teaming objectives of family life area of middle school Home Economics teachers, those who were female, who had certificates for Home Economics Teaching, who were young and who had less experiences in teaching had more modem family value and required more teaming objectives in emancipatory system of action. Considering the results of the study, it is needed to emphasize the learning objects of emancipatory system of action in family life education by inducing consensus on the proposition that Home Economics subject is a critical and practical subject. To do this. it is needed to provide Home Economics teachers with emancipatory interest and mature family value through educating and refreshing them. It is desirable to separate Technology and Home Economics so that certificated Home Economics teachers could teach family life area. In that case they can teach the subject in the point of practical criticism. If the area is to be taught by other subject teachers there should be enough understanding on the philosophy and nature of Home Economics subject beforehand.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1990

Some preliminary studies were conducted to find out whether the levee-burning could justifiable for the suppression of insect pests, particularly the smaller brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus F.). Density surveys on pests and their enemies (mostly spiders) were carried out upto the mid May at an experimental paddy field located in Suwon after of it's levee $(72\times1m)$ was burned on Feb. 20, 1987. Results were discussed in relation to density recovering of both pests and their possible enemies (spiders) and summarized as below. Not a single individual of any pest or enemy was found from the levee upto sometime after the levee-burning. Grasses started to grow more vigorously in burned ares than in unburned upto about 60 days after the burning. And densities of both pest and enemies grew higher in burned areas than in unburned from about 75 days after the burning (in Early may). It is suspected that all individuals of pests and enemies fond from the burned areas could have immigrated from the surrounding areas. If levee-burning was carried out in much wider areas, much longer time would be needed to recover the density of both pests and enemies to the center region of the burning. Wingless spiders would require even longer time than winged pest species to re-establish in the center region of the widely burned field. Pirata subpiraticus, the most abundant spider species in Korean paddy fields, starts to move about and searches for food at above $9^{\circ}C$ which is somewhat lower than the critical temperature for the pest species. Thus P. subpiraticus would require more food than other pest species early in the spring, and therefore, it would have lower probability to survive than pest species particularly in burned areas. Experiments for pest suppression with levee-burning would better be carried on in much wider areas, and its justification seems to be discussed after man other disciplines related to both pests and their natural enemies were throughly studied together with their density surveys. However, according to the present point of vie, the opinion that levee-burning is helpful for controlling pests which over winter on levee areas could not be justifiable.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.237-264
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• 2017

With the onset of the Human Genome Project, social concerns about 'genetic information discrimination' have been raised, but the problem has not yet been highlighted in Korea. However, non-medical institutions' genetic testing which is related to disease prevention could be partially allowed under the revised "Bioethics and Safety Act" from June 30, 2016. In the case of one domestic insurance company, DTC genetic testing was provided for the new customer of cancer insurance as a complimentary service, which made the social changes related to the recognition of the genetic testing. At a time when precision medicine is becoming a new standard for medical care, discipline on genetic information discrimination has become a problem that can not be delayed anymore. Article 46 and 67 of the Bioethics Act stipulate the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of genetic information and penalties for its violation. However, these broad principles alone can not solve the problems in specific genetic information utilization areas such as insurance and employment. The United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany have different regulations that prohibit genetic information based discrimination. In the United States, Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act takes a form that adds to the existing law about the prohibition of genetic information discrimination. In addition, the range of genetic information includes the results of genetic tests of individuals and their families, including "family history". Canada has recently enacted legislation in 2017, expanding coverage to general transactions of goods or services in addition to insurance and employment. The United Kingdom deals only with 'predictive genetic testing results of individuals'. In the case of insurance, the UK government and Association of British Insurers (ABI) agree to abide by a policy framework ('Concordat') for cooperation that provides that insurers' use of genetic information is transparent, fair and subject to regular reviews; and remain committed to the voluntary Moratorium on insurers' use of predictive genetic test results until 1 November 2019, and a review of the Concordat in 2016. In the case of employment, The ICO's 'Employment Practices Code (2011)' is used as a guideline. In Germany, Human Genetic Examination Act(Gesetz ${\ddot{u}}ber$ genetische Untersuchungen bei Menschen) stipulates a principle ban on the demand for genetic testing and the submission of results in employment and insurance. The evaluation of the effectiveness of regulatory framework, as well as the form and scope of the discipline is different from country to country. In light of this, it would be desirable for the issue of genetic information discrimination in Korea to be addressed based on the review of related regulations, the participation of experts, and the cooperation of stakeholders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior, food preference and nutrition knowledge according to the body style of male college students. The subjects were 219 male students enrolled in University, Taegu. The data was collected by using a survey questionnaire and an anthropometric measurement. The results were summarized as follows: The mean height, weight and BMI of subjects were $173.8{\pm}8.7cm,\;65.8{\pm}7.9Kg,\;and\;21.9{\pm}2.4$, respectively. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the BMI: underweight group(<20); normal group(20-25); and overweight group(>25). One third of the subjects preferred to gain weight(33.8%); 47 subjects preferred to lose weight(21.5%); and the rest of the subjects satisfied their physique(44.7%). Most of subjects considered 'supper' as the most important meal during a day. Among the food items, the most frequently and evenly ingested item by subjects was 'Kimchi' : 'Ham and sausage' was the least preferred food among subjects. There was no significant difference in preference among three groups and almost half of the subjects had irregular meal time because of busy schedule. The preference for meat showed high score among underweight group; on the other hand, the preference for fruits and vegetables showed high score among overweight group. Usually subjects gained nutrition knowledge through media including newspaper, magazine and TV. There was no significant difference of the nutrition knowledge score among three groups. Based on these results, nutrition education program for the college student should be arranged in the classes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2005

Dietary supplement mainly made of herb and fiber was examined whether it could reduce body weight and fat, modify blood lipid concentrations and bowel habits in 30 collegians without intentional diet restriction or lifestyle change for 5 weeks. Free-living subjects were required to take diet pills 2 times daily 30 minutes before meals. Before the study began, 24 hr recall diet record and the questionnaires had been collected. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and body fat) were performed and blood samples were withdrawn before and after the study. Blood lipid fractions analyzed were total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. After the trial, body weight, body mass index, and percent ideal body weight of the subjects were reduced to mean of 0.5 kg, 0.2 and $0.9\%$, respectively (p<0.05). Percent body fat, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and waist and hip circumferences were all reduced significantly except for $\%$ abdominal fat, but $\%$ body muscle mass increased from $36.5\%$ to $37.4\%$ (p=0.000). TC and TG were remarkably diminished (p<0.01) and LDL-cholesterol tended to decrease, but no change was observed in HDL-cholesterol. Bowel movements were also increased (p<0.01). In conclusion, this specific herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement reduced body weight and body fat indices, improved anthropometric indices, modified blood lipid fractions and bowel movement desirably. The study suggest that herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement might help control body weight, body fat loss and adult diseases positively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2006

In this study, we constructed a forest fire danger map in the Yeongdong area of Gangwon-do and Northeastern area of Gyeongsangbuk-do using a forest fire rating model and geographical information system (GIS). We investigated the appropriate positions of the automatic weather station (AWS) and a comprehensive network solution (a system including measurement, communication and data processing) for the establishment of an optimum mountain meteorological observation network system (MMONS). Also, we suggested a possible plan for combining the MMONS with unmanned monitoring camera systems and wireless relay towers operated by local governments and the Korea Forest Service for prevention of forest fire.