• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2018

The crops cultivated and consumed in Korea require specific climate conditions corresponding to their own growth characteristics. This study aims to analyze the relationship between climate change and agricultural productivity. According to growing concern about climate change internationally, many agricultural studies are developing technology to prevent damage from climate change. Before developing technology, we should figure out what kind of crop gets huge damage and how much caused by climate change. In the context of agricultural economics, we can define the reduction of agricultural product yield as a decline in productivity. As a result, this study analyzes the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity using Stochastic Frontier Analysis model. There are several kinds of climate change phenomena that increase the inefficiency of production. In other words, there are several kinds of crops that get negative influence by climate change. The result of this study can be used as basic guideline for producers to prepare for changing weather prior to developing disaster tolerance technology coping actively with special weather report.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

Interest in smart parks has been increasing due to the recent rapid rise of smart cities, but concerns are growing over the development of technology-oriented smart parks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relative importance of park services through Focus Group Interviews and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to develop user-oriented smart parks in the future. To this end, literature on park functions and services was reviewed, and interviews with experts in the field of landscape architecture and IT were conducted to derive service items. The AHP model consisted of four values, and 15 park services were established and used to survey 38 landscape experts. As a result, services for improving the park's essential functions, such as contact with nature, relaxation, and exercise-walking, were deemed important. Services related to the environment and safety in response to climate change, such as the amelioration of pollution and heatwaves were also high. The importance of social integration services was relatively low, but it was considered an important service to when enhancing community participation. Future smart parks should enhance the health benefits of contact with nature rather than implementing excessive artificial facilities and technology. Additionally, smart technology will need to be applied based on users' needs while reflecting local characteristics. Efforts should be made to enhance user intimacy and improve the understanding of smart parks by strengthening public relations education.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2014

Natural disasters of large scale such as typhoon, heat waves and snow storm have recently been increased because of climate change according to global warming which is most likely caused by greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Increase of greenhouse gases concentration has caused the augmentation of earth's surface temperature, which raised the frequency of incidences of extreme weather in northern hemisphere. In this paper, we present spatial analysis of future typhoon genesis based on IPCC AR5 RCP 8.5 scenario, which applied latest carbon dioxide concentration trend. For this analysis, we firstly calculated GPI using RCP 8.5 monthly data during 1982~2100. By spatially comparing the monthly averaged GPIs and typhoon genesis locations of 1982~2010, a probability density distribution(PDF) of the typhoon genesis was estimated. Then, we defined 0.05GPI, 0.1GPI and 0.15GPI based on the GPI ranges which are corresponding to probability densities of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15, respectively. Based on the PDF-related GPIs, spatial distributions of probability on the typhoon genesis were estimated for the periods of 1982~2010, 2011~2040, 2041~2070 and 2071~2100. Also, we analyzed area density using historical genesis points and spatial distributions. As the results, Philippines' east area corresponding to region of latitude $10^{\circ}{\sim}20^{\circ}$ shows high typhoon genesis probability in future. Using this result, we expect to estimate the potential region of typhoon genesis in the future and to develop the genesis model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.859-867
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• 2019

Severe weather conditions, such as heavy snowfall, rain, heatwave, etc., may affect travel behaviors of people and finally change traffic patterns in transportation networks. To deal with those changes and prevent any negative impacts on the transportation system, understanding those impacts of severe weather conditions on the travel patterns is one of the critical issues in the transportation fields. Hence, this study has focused on the impacts of a weather condition on travel patterns of public transportations, especially when a heavy snowfall which is one of the most critical weather conditions. First, this study has figured out the most significant weather condition affecting changes of public transport ridership using weather information, card data for public transportation, mobile phone data; and then, developed a decision-tree model to determine complex inter-relations between various factors such as socio-economic indicators, transportation-related information, etc. As a result, the trip generation of public transportations in Seoul during a heavy snowfall is mostly related to average access times to subway stations by walk and the number of available parking lots and spaces. Meanwhile, the trip attraction is more related to business and employment densities in that destination.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.14-22
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• 2017

The frequency and scale of natural disasters due to the abnormal climate phenomena caused by global warming have being increasing all over the world. Various natural disasters, such as typhoons, earthquakes, floods, heavy rain, drought, sweltering heat, wind waves, tsunamis and so on, can cause damage to human life. Especially, the damage caused by natural disasters such as the Earthquake of Japan, hurricane Katrina in the United States, typhoon Maemi and so on, have been enormous. At this stage, it is difficult to estimate the scale of damage due to (future) natural disasters and cope with them. However, if we could predict the scale of damage at the disaster response level, the damage could be reduced by responding to them promptly. In the present study, therefore, among the many types of natural disaster, we developed a function to estimate the damage due to wind waves caused by sea winds and waves. We collected the damage records from the Disaster Report ('91~'14) published by the Ministry of Public Safety and Security about wind waves and typhoons in the western coastal zone and, in order to reflect the inflation rate, we converted the amount of damage each year into the equivalent amount in 2014. Finally, the meteorological data, such as the wave height, wind speed, tide level, wave direction, wave period and so on, were collected from the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) and KHOA (Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency)'s web sites, for the periods when wind wave and typhoon damage occurred. After that, the function used to estimate the wind wave damage was developed by reflecting the regional characteristics for the 9 areas of the western coastal zone.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.162-175
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the surface temperature of surface fabrics using UAV TIR images, to mitigate problems in the thermal environment of urban areas. Surface temperature values derived from UAV images were compared with those measured in-situ during the similar period as when the images were taken. The difference in the in-situ measured and UAV image derived surface temperatures is the highest for gray colored concrete roof fabrics, at $17^{\circ}C$, and urethane fabrics show the lowest difference, at $0.3^{\circ}C$. The experiment power of the scatter plot of in-situ measured and UAV image derived surface temperatures was 63.75%, indicating that the correlation between the two is high. The surface fabrics with high temperature are metal roofs($48.9^{\circ}C$), urethane($43.4^{\circ}C$), and gray colored concrete roofs($42.9^{\circ}C$), and those with low temperature are barren land($30.2^{\circ}C$), area with trees and lawns($30.2^{\circ}C$), and white colored concrete roofs($34.9^{\circ}C$). These results show that accurate analysis of the thermal characteristics of surface fabrics is possible using UAV images. In future, it will be necessary to increase the usability of UAV images via comparison with in-situ data and linkage to satellite imagery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2017

In recent years, the damage scales of water disasters such as typhoons, tsunamis, and heavy snow have been increasing globally as a result of global warming and climate changes. In particular, the economic loss caused by typhoons has been increasing for overpopulated areas that have undergone economic development and urbanization since the 1960s. In this study, we investigated and analyzed satellite images captured before and after typhoons on the Korean peninsula, including Typhoon Chaba (2016), Typhoon Rusa ('02), and Typhoon Maemi ('03). There was a limitation in utilizing existing satellites. Domestic satellites have mostly been developed and operated for the observation of the weather, ocean, and topography, as well as for use in communication. There are therefore insufficient temporal and spatial observations for water management and disaster response. In this work, we expanded the scope to overseas satellites and collected data from GMS, TRMM, COMS, and GPM. In the future, it will be necessary to develop and launch water resources satellites that can provide sufficient temporal and spatial data analysis units to obtain rapid and accurate water hazard information for the Korean peninsula.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.308-319
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• 2016

In order to set the outdoor weather conditions to be applied to the design standard of the greenhouse heating and cooling system, outdoor air temperature and heating degree-hour for heating design, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and solar irradiance for cooling design were analyzed and presented. For every region in Korea, we used thirty years from 1981 to 2010 hourly weather data for analysis, which is the current standard of climatological normal provided by KMA. Since the use of standard weather data is limited, design weather conditions were obtained using the entire weather data for 30 years, and the average value of the entire data period was presented as a design standard. The design weather data with exceedance probability of 1, 2.5, and 5% were analyzed by the TAC method, and we presented the distribution map with exceedance probability of 1% for heating and 2.5% for cooling which are recommended by design standards. The changes of maximum heating load, seasonal heating load and maximum cooling load were examined by regions, exceedance probabilities, and setpoint temperatures. The proposed outdoor design conditions can be used not only directly for the greenhouse heating and cooling design, but also for the reinforcement of heating and cooling facilities and the establishment of energy saving measures. Recently, due to the climate change, sweltering heat in summer and abnormal temperature in winter are occurring frequently, so we need to analyze weather data periodically and revise the design standard at least every 10 years cycle.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2018

As the damage caused by the abnormal climate due to climate change is increasing, the interest in resilience is increasing as a countermeasure to this. In this study, the resilience of Suwon city was examined and the plan to improve the resilience were derived against climate impacts such as drought, heatwave, and heavy rain. Urban resilience is divided into social resilience (e.g. vulnerable groups, access to health services, and training of human resources), economic resilience (e.g. housing stability, employment stability, income equality, and economic diversity), urban infrastructure resilience (e.g.residential vulnerability, capacity to accommodate victims, and sewage systems), and ecological resilience (e.g. protection resources, sustainability, and risk exposure). The study evaluated the urban resilience according to the selected indicators in local level. In this study, the planning elements to increase the resilience in the urban dimension were derived and suggested the applicability. To be a resilient city, the concept and value of resilience should be included in urban policy and planning. It is critical to monitor and evaluate the process made by the actions in order to continuously adjust the plans.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2015

Due to the cases of recent global warming and unusual weather etc., large-scale natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, snow damage occur frequently across the continents such as Southeast Asia and North America, South America etc. and risks of earthquakes and tsunami are also increasing gradually in Korea which has been regarded as a safe zone and disaster types are also being diversified such as typhoons, floods, heat waves, heavy snow and damage scale is also enlarged. In addition, due to geographical characteristics or lack of infrastructure, disasters tended to occur intensively around a specific region or city in the past but disasters occur throughout the country in recent years so preparation for disaster prevention has emerged as an urgent challenge issue. Therefore, considering that the plan of obtaining the effective feedback function of disaster Information is very important in the proactive and software aspects for disaster reduction, this paper analyzed this three aspects of contents, procedural and contextual aspects and proposed the plan. First, in the content aspect, building disaster prevention information communication Infrastructure, building urban and regional disaster prevention system, obtaining concurrency and sharing of information and second, in the procedural aspect, active utilization of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) of the prevention stage, disaster prevention information collection and analysis reinforcement of the preparation stage, improvement of decision-making structure and field command system of the response stage, recovery system related information promotion of the recovery stage were proposed as alternatives and finally, in the contextual aspect, if disaster prevention information is effectively managed through maintenance of disaster prevention information related systems, obtaining domainality by disaster prevention work, improvement of the ability to judge the situation, obtaining comprehensive and feedback function etc, it is considered to significantly contribute to reducing natural disasters.