• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.44-50
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• 2002

Recently, a envelope tracking(ET) amplifier that improves efficiency by changing of the bias according to the RF input level is presented to use for a high power amplifier of cellular radio handset using CDMA. The input and the output impedances of the ET amplifier may be varied by changing of the bias of the amplifier, and it makes the amplifier having low gain, low efficiency, and high input and output VSWR. In order to improve the input and the output mismatch of the amplifier, in this paper, two types of ET amplifier are suggested. In case of an ET amplifier using varactor diode, in experimentation, gain is improved about 7dB and the power consumption of the amplifier is better about 60% than that of the conventional amplifier. In case of a base voltage controlled ET amplifier, the gain and power consumption of the amplifier is improved about 9dB and 40% than those of the conventional amplifier, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.9C
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• pp.817-824
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• 2006

The crest factor properties of 16-QAM modulated one- and two-code assisted multi-carrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) signals employing complementary pair as spreading sequences are characterized. It is shown that a set of relationship between the two 16-QAM symbols entirely characterize the power envelope waveforms of the signals. There exists 60 different sets of relationship, which results in 16 different crest factors as a result of various equivalent transforms on the corresponding message symbols. It is also shown that the individual crest factor corresponding to each message combination is always bounded by 3dB.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.68-75
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• 1993

포락선 인텐시티는 신호의 진폭 변화에 비해 상대적으로 천천히 벼놔한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 성질을 이용하여 종래의 순시 음향 인덴시티법을 수정한 새로운 포락선 인텐시티법을 제안하여 비정상 신호 해석에 이 기술을 적용하였다. 이 기술의 유효성은 반사체가 있는 무향실 내의 충격성 음원에 대해 수치계산 결과와 실험결과의 비교로부터 검증되었고 또한, 이 기술은 무향실 및 잔향실 내의 평판 타음 음원의 지향특성 해석에 응용되었다. 수치계산 결과 및 측정결과는 일치하였고, 제안된 방법은 종래의 순시 인텐시티법보다 특히 과도특성을 갖는 충격성 음원 분석에 보다 유효함이 확인되었다.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.62-66
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• 2006

본 논문은 도허티 증폭기 및 포락선 전치 왜곡기를 이용한 전력 증폭기의 효율 및 선형성 개선에 관한 것이다. 전력 증폭기의 효율을 개선하기 위하여 도허티 증폭기를 제작하여 효율 특성을 개선하였으며, 포락선 전치 왜곡기를 이용하여 도허티 증폭기의 선형성 개선량에 대하여 조사하였다. 제작된 도허티 증폭기는 AB 급으로 동작시킨 전력 증폭기와 비교하여 출력 전력 10W에서 8.5%의 효율 개선 효과를 보였으며, 출력 전력 40W에서 12.6%의 효율 개선 특성을 나타내었다. 포락선 전치 왜곡기를 이용한도 허티 증폭기는 출력 전력 10W에서 7dB의 선 형성 개선 효과를 나타내었다. IMT-2000 주파수 대역에서 WCDMA down-link 4 carrier 신호를 이용하여 출력 전력 10W에서 측정한 결과 AB 급으로 동작하는 전력 증폭기와 비교하여 4.2%의 효율 개선 및 6.3dB의 선형성 개선 효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.93-105
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• 2024

Research on the caustic, the envelope of light rays, began with the geometric optics studies of Huygens and others in the 17th century. One of the most important problems in optics in the 17th century was focusing the sun's rays. This was a problem that had to be solved in order to manufacture various practical optical instruments at the time. Beginning with research on the caustic during this period, the concept of envelope became generalized and expanded to various fields until the 19th century. This paper examines the mathematical history involved in the study of envelope curves. We compare several methods of defining the envelope and provide an example of calculating the envelope accordingly.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.79-82
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• 2017

In this paper, we proposed the wireless communication system using millimeter-wave envelope detector. The sub-harmonic mixer based on schottky barrier diode was used in the transmitter. The receiver was used millimeter-wave envelope detector. The transmitter was composed of schottky diode sub-harmonic mixer, frequency tripler, and horn antenna. The receiver was composed of horn antenna, millimeter-wave envelope detector, low pass filter, base band amplifier, and limiting amplifier. At 1.485 Gbps and 300 GHz, the eye-diagram showed a very good performance as measured by the error free. Communication distance is reduced compared to the heterodyne receiver, but compact and lightweight is possible.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1983

The fatigue failure envelopes for the prediction of the fatigue life of asphalt pavements were obtained from the results of laboratory fatigue test for asphalt mixture. The envelopes did not depend on the experimental temperature and the number of loading, and varied with the types of asphalts. In the case of dense graded asphalt concrete, the envelopes formed a single curve regardless of the penetration of the asphalt. On the other hand, the method for the fatigue life prediction was presented based on the envelopes obtained and the triple layered elastic theory developed by Burmister.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.157-164
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• 1997

일반적으로 콘크리트와 철근간의 경계면을 나타내는 유한요소법에는 균열의 부근에서 발생하는 부착열화 현상을 고려하지 않고 있다. 이것은 균열 부근에서 과도한 부착을 초래하고 , 국소 변형과 균열의 진전에도 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 구조물의 균열부근에서 일어나는 부착거동의 변화를 고려한 비선형 부착응력-미끄럼 모델을 제안하였다. 철근과 콘크리트간의 경계면에는 링크요소를 이용하였고, 링크의 특성은 철근을 가로지르는 균열의 상태에 따라 변하도록 조정하였다. 균열의 형성상태를 정량화하고, 부착거동을 두 포락선 1) 균열로부터 충분히 떨어진 위치에서의 부착상태를 모델링한 외연포락선, 2)횡균열면에 있어서의 부착상태를 모델링한 내연포락선의 사이에 변이시키기 위하여 비국소적 손상도 개념을 도입하였다. 이 방법의 유효성을 알아보기 위하여 편재하중을 받는 T형 교각의 실험 및 해석결과를 제시하였다. 제안된 모델의 결과를 실험결과와 비교하여 본 모델의 유용성을 검증하였다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

A simple formula of the envelope method, which uses two envelopes fitted to the transmittance at quarter- and half-wave optical thicknesses, is derived to determine the optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) and the thickness of weakly absorbing thin films. We applied the envelope method to ZnS and SiOx films deposited in a vacuum chamber and determined the optical constants at different deposition conditions. For SiOx films, the decrease in refractive index is consistent with the increase in stoichiometry as the backfilled oxygen pressure increases.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.854-861
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• 2008

We have described a high power hybrid envelope elimination and restoration(H-EER) transmitter for IEEE 802.16e Mobile World Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX) using an efficiency optimized power amplifier(PA). The PA has been designed to have maximum PAE at the important power generation $V_{ds}$, region using Nitronex 100-W PEP GaN HEMT. For the high power application, H-EER transmitter should be considered the regenerative oscillation problem due to the PA's bias fluctuation effect and bias modulator stability issue. Therefore, the bias modulator for H-EER transmitter has been designed to suppress the regenerative oscillation. For the interlock experiment, the bias modulator has been built with the efficiency of 72% and peak output voltage of 30 V for the envelope signal with a PAPR of 8.5 dB. The H-EER transmitter for WiMAX application has been achieved a high PAE characteristic, 38.8 % at an output power of 41.25 dBm. By using digital predistortion(DPD) technique, the Relative Constellation Error (RCE) has been satisfied the specification of -34.5 dB. This is the first work at 2.655 GHz high power H-EER transmitter for WiMAX application.