• Title/Summary/Keyword: 폐기보

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Studies on the Extraction Condition and Utilization of Optimum Active Ingredients and Bark Extract from Red Ginseng Residue and Mugwort Bark Extract (홍삼박 및 인진쑥박으로 부터 활성성분 극대화 추출조건 및 박 추출물의 활용성 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun Kyoung
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2018
  • This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of ginsenoside active ingredients from red ginseng residue and mugwort bark extract produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract from red ginseng residue and mugwort bark extract. Extraction efficacy of ginsenoside active ingredients from extracted red ginseng residue and mugwort bark extract was higher than that before extracting. We suggests that red ginseng residue and mugwort bark extract produced by manufacturing alcholic and water extract of red ginseng and mugwort has higher potencies in the utilization of waste materials.

A Study on the Application of Block Chain to Ensure Data Integrity in MANET Environment (MANET 환경에서 데이터 무결성 보장을 위한 블록체인 적용에 관한 연구)

  • Yang, Hwanseok;Choi, Daesoo
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.18 no.5_1
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2018
  • MANET transmits data by hop-by-hop method because it is composed of mobile nodes without support of any infrastructure. Its structure is very similar to a block chain. However, it is exposed to various threats such as data tampering or destruction by malicious nodes because of transmission method. So, ensuring the integrity of transmitted data is an important complement to MANET. In this paper, we propose a method to apply the block chain technique in order to protect the reliability value of the nodes consisting the network from malicious nodes. For this, hierarchical structure of a cluster type is used. Only cluster head stores the reliability information of the nodes in a block and then, this can be spread. In addition, we applied block generation difficulty automatic setting technique using the number of nodes selecting cluster head and the reliability of cluster head to prevent the spread of wrong blocks. This can prevent block generation and spread by malicious nodes. The superior performance of the proposed technique can be verified by comparing experiments with the SAODV technique.

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A Study on the Planning and Operation of Environmentally Sustainable Exhibition Content (환경적으로 지속가능한 전시 콘텐츠 기획·운영 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Minwoo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.275-286
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    • 2021
  • While art and culture always actively intervene and send messages to social issues and issues, there are critics who say that the way they show them goes against environmental issues. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the environment-friendly methods applied to four types of exhibitions held at existing domestic art museums in order to derive environmentally sustainable exhibition content planning and operation plans. By deriving the method commonly applied to the four exhibitions, the wooden temporary walls that are discarded through local remanufacturing, use of waste resources, and prefabricated module walls were minimized. In addition, when printing/publishing, there were methods such as grafting eco-friendly inks and materials or avoiding the production of unnecessary printed matter. Based on these common factors, a plan that can be applied to each stage of exhibition hall construction and construction, printing and publishing, and exhibition hall operation was derived. However, it is necessary to approach more diverse cases in the future, and it is necessary to supplement the points to enhance scientific explanatory power in quantitative terms.

Reliability analysis methods to one-shot device (일회용품의 신뢰성분석 방안)

  • Baik, Jaiwook
    • Industry Promotion Research
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2022
  • There are many one-shot devices that are used once and thrown away. One-shot devices such as firecrackers and ammunition are typical, and they are stored for a while after manufacture and then disposed of after use when necessary. However, unlike general operating systems, these one-shot devices have not been properly evaluated. This study first examines what the government does to secure reliability in the case of ammunition through ammunition stockpile reliability program. Next, in terms of statistical analysis, we show what the reliability analysis methods are for one-shot devices such as ammunition. Specifically, we show that it is possible to know the level of reliability if sampling inspection plan such as KS Q 0001 which is acceptance sampling plan by attributes is used. Next, non-parametric and parametric methods are introduced as ways to determine the storage reliability of ammunition. Among non-parametric methods, Kaplan-Meier method can be used since it can also handle censored data. Among parametric methods, Weibull distribution can be used to determine the storage reliability of ammunition.

Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks (무선 센서 네트워크에서 위조 데이터 주입 공격의 탐지)

  • Lee, Hae-Young;Cho, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2009
  • Since wireless sensor networks are deployed in open environments, an attacker can physically capture some sensor nodes. Using information of compromised nodes, an attacker can launch false data injection attacks that report nonexistent events. False data can cause false alarms and draining the limited energy resources of the forwarding nodes. In order to detect and discard such false data during the forwarding process, various security solutions have been proposed. But since they are prevention-based solutions that involve additional operations, they would be energy-inefficient if the corresponding attacks are not launched. In this paper, we propose a detection method that can detect false data injection attacks without extra overheads. The proposed method is designed based on the signature of false data injection attacks that has been derived through simulation. The proposed method detects the attacks based on the number of reporting nodes, the correctness of the reports, and the variation in the number of the nodes for each event. We show the proposed method can detect a large portion of attacks through simulation.

Preparation and Oil Absorption Properties of PAN Based 3D Shaped Carbon Nanofiber Sponge (폴리아크릴로니트릴 기반 3D 탄소나노섬유 스펀지의 제조 및 오일 흡착 특성)

  • Hye-Won Ju;Jin-Hyeok Kang;Jong-Ho Park;Jae-Kyoung Ko;Yun-Su Kuk;Changwoo Nam;Byoung-Suhk Kim
    • Composites Research
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 2023
  • In this work, the preparation and its oil adsorption behavior of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber sponge were investigated. The prepared carbon sponges showed excellent selective oil adsorption in the mixture of water and oil, and the adsorption capacity of reused carbon nanofiber sponge was also investigated. Further, carbon nanofiber sponge adsorbent with internally structured channel showed fast oil adsorption behavior due to a capillary phenomenon. After use, sponge adsorbent was heat-treated at 800℃ under N2 and studied the possibility of a sensor for electrochemical detection of 4-aminophenol.

A Study on the Analysis of Book Saturation and Preservation Status in School Libraries in Chungcheongbuk-do (충청북도 학교도서관 장서 및 보존 현황 분석 연구)

  • Younghee Noh;Bong-Suk Kang;Seung-Jin Kwak;Inho Chang
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.83-97
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    • 2024
  • In this study, we aimed to examine the feasibility of establishing a shared preservation center with a focus on the Chungcheongbuk-do Office of Education. We conducted surveys to assess the current situation and gather perceptions. The research findings revealed the following: Firstly, the surveyed school libraries were already experiencing extreme levels of book saturation, necessitating the management of book saturation and proper book quantity. Secondly, very few libraries had the facilities required for book preservation. Thirdly, the research showed that in 78% of school libraries, book saturation already exceeded 75%, leading to a rapid increase in discarded books each year. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the systematic expansion of a shared preservation center. Moreover, given the difficulty of individual libraries in establishing facilities for preservation, valuable materials such as rare books and specialized resources should be transferred to a shared preservation center. Additionally, policies and regulations related to material preservation are deemed necessary.

Association between the Number of Existing Permanent Teeth and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (현존자연치아수와 만성폐쇄성폐질환과의 연관성)

  • Shin, Hye-Sun;Ahn, Yong-Soon;Lim, Do-Seon
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.217-224
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of existing permanent teeth is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a representative sample of Korean adults. Data from 3,107 subjects who participated in the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. The dependent variable was COPD and the independent variable was the number of existing permanent teeth. Spirometry results were classified into three groups (normal pattern, restrictive pattern, and obstructive pattern) by trained technicians. We used dichotomized COPD variables (no vs. yes). The number of existing permanent teeth was evaluated by oral examination and divided into 3 groups (0~19, 20~27, and 28). Demographic factors (age group and sex group), socioeconomic status (education and income), health behaviors (smoking and drinking), oral health and behavior (frequency of toothbrushing; periodontitis; decayed, missing, filled, permanent teeth index; and denture status), and general health status (body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) were included as confounders in the analysis. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses including confounders were applied, and all analyses considered a complex sampling design. Stratified analysis was performed by smoking status. After controlling for various confounders, there was a significant association between the number of existing permanent teeth and COPD (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20~3.00 for the 20~27 group; OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.75~8.84 for the 0~19 group). The association was more significant in current smokers (OR, 8.90; 95% CI, 2.53~31.33). Our data indicate that the number of existing permanent teeth was independently associated with COPD, especially in current smokers. Further longitudinal research is needed to determine whether oral health promotion plays a role in the improvement of lung function and prevention of COPD.

The Effectiveness of Spiral Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Tool in Pulmonary Embolism(Comparison of Spiral CT with Ventilation-Perfusion Scan) (폐색전증 진단의 도구로서의 Spiral Computed Tomography의 유용성(폐환기관류주사와의 비교))

  • Koh, Jae-Hyun;Oh, Eun-Young;Park, Jung-Ho;Park, Sang-Joon;Yun, Jung-Hwan;Park, Jung-Woong;Suh, Gee-Young;Chung, Man-Pyo;Lee, Kyung-Soo;Kwon, O-Jung;Rhee, Chong-H.
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.564-573
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    • 1999
  • Background: With variable symptoms and nonspecific radiographic appearances, pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent and often undiagnosed cause of mortality and morbidity. The Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) study suggested that the majority of patients undergoing ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan would require additional studies to establish or to exclude the diagnosis of PE. Pulmonary angiography has been regarded as gold standard for diagnosis of PE. However, it is an invasive procedure that may be associated with significant notable morbidity and mortality. Thus, availability of an accurate, noninvasive screening examination is highly desirable. Method: From October 1994 to February 1997, twenty patients (male 13, female 7, range 23-91 years, median 58 years) who were suspected as pulmonary embolism on the basis of clinical evidence and underwent the spiral volumetric computed tomography (spiral CT), were studied retrospectively to evaluate the effectiveness of spiral CT as a diagnostic tool in PE. Results: PE could be excluded with spiral CT in 4 patients ; diagnoses of these patients were lung cancer, pneumonia with lung abscess, bilateral pleural effusion due to congestive heart failure, nonspecific pulmonary abnormality retrospectively. One patient who disclosed high probability in V/Q scan, could be diagnosed as pneumonia with lung abscess and underlying emphysema with spiral CT. Among 4 patients who showed intermediate and low probability in V/Q scan, 3 patients could be confirmed as PE with spiral CT. Spiral CT was helpful in 3 patients, in whom V/Q scan could not be performed due to other reasons (e.g. night time, mechanical ventilation) to confirm the diagnosis of PE. Spiral CT could demonstrate embolus above lobar artery level in 11 patients, and up to segmental artery level in 5 patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that spiral CT could allow accurate demonstration of thrombotic clots in centrally localized embolism. Spiral CT could be effective, specific, noninvasive and useful diagnostic screening modality for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

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Clinical Characteristics of Aspergilloma (국균종의 임상적 고찰)

  • Kim, Ki-Up;Gil, Hyo-Wook;Lee, Suk-Ho;Kim, Do-Jin;Na, Moon-Jun;Uh, Soo-Taek;Kim, Yong-Hoon;Park, Choon-Sik
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.46-53
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    • 2002
  • Background: Pulmonary aspergilloma is relatively common in korea. It arises from the colonization and proliferation of Aspergillus in preexisting lung parenchymal cavities, in particular tuberculosis. The most common symptom in this disorder is hemoptysis, which mayor may not be massive and life threatening. A routine chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) are the most important diagnostic procedures. A surgical resection of the aspergilloma has recently been recommended, because of the relatively low incidence of postoperative complications than in the past. A more concentrated sample of patients with aspergilloma, who either underwent a thoracotomy or tested positive for aspergillus antibodies, were reviewed. Method : The medical records of twenty-two patients with aspergilloma, who had a proven thoracotomy (9 cases), or who tested positive for the diagnostic procedure and/or aspergillus antibodies (13 cases) from January 1995 to December 2000, were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The most common underlying lung disease was a current or old healed tuberculosis, and 3 patients had cultures of mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT). The mean time until the aspergilloma was detected 5.91 years in the healed tuberculosis cases. The others cases involved a lung abscess, bronchiectasis and without lung disease. The extrapulmonary disease was alcoholism and diabetes. Hemoptysis was most common in 72.7%. A computed tomography (CT) is useful for diagnosis. The right upper lobe, especially the posterior segment, is the most common location. Bronchial artery embolization is ineffective for a long term follow-up. A lobectomy is most common in a thoracotomy, and intra-operative and post-operative complications are rare. During follow-up, the mortality rate, not from the aspergilloma but from respiratory failure, was 13.6%. Conclusion : Aspergilloma is a common cavitary lung disease, It mainly arises from tuberculosis, either current or healed, but extra-pulmonary disease including alcoholism or diabetes are other possible risk factors. Their most common problem in aspergilloma is hemoptysis. Surgery has a low risk of post-operative complications and is recommended in relatively preserved lung function or healthy patients. Medical maneuvers including embolization, and the local insertion of certain materials needs to be studied more closely.