• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1999

Leiomyoma of the bronchus is a very rare, benign tumor of the lung. We herein report a case of endobronchial leiomyoma which was treated by sleeve bronchoplasty without resection of the lung and without any complications. A 35-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of stridor. Bronchoscopy revealed a round, hypervascular and smooth tumor nearly obstructing the left main bronchus at 1.5 cm distal portion from the carina. Biopsy was not performed for fear of massive hemorrhage. A sleeve resection of left main bronchus including the tumor and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. The histologic diagnosis was leiomyoma. The early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment to preserve the pulmonary function are important points of consideration.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1610-1618
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• 1998

In this paper, we present the FB(Fair Buffering) mechanism for the efficient support of TCP traffic over UBR connections in the subnet ATM model. We show that both throughput and fairness may be improved with the FB mechanism. The FB mechanism is founded on the observation that the performance of TCP over UBR connections is optimal when the buffer space is allocated in proportion to the connection's bandwidth-delay product. We compare through simulation the performance of the existing drop-tail, EB(Equal Buffering) and the proposed FB buffer management schemes, with and without RR(Roung-Robin) scheduling, and demonstrate that the proposed FB mechanism is most effective when used in conjunction with the RR scheduling scheme.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.793-797
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• 2007

A communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (CBPFM) is a rare congenital anomaly that is characterized by a fistula between isolated respiratory tissue and the esophagus or stomach, The presence of accessory lung tissue arising from the primitive gastrointestinal tube is a common factor in the development of all forms of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. Recurrent pneumonia associated with cystic radiographic structures is a characteristic of the condition. Further imaging studies using esophagogram, bronchography, computerized tomography, MRI, and arteriography can help in making a diagnostic evaluation. The treatment is a surgical resection of the involved lung tissue, and fistula closure with a good prognosis. We encountered a case of CBPFM, who presented with an extralobar pulmonary sequestration and bronchogenic cyst communicating with a tubular esophageal duplication that was associated with a complete left pericardial defect.

• KOREAN ASSOCIATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSES
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• v.8 no.2 s.28
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• pp.10-18
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• 2001

우리나라 대기오염의 수준은 지난 90년대 초반 이후 아황산가스와 총부유분진의 농도가 감소하고, 대신 오존과 이산화질소의 농도가 증가하면서 점차 다른 선진국에서 경험하는 대기오염현황을 보이고 있다. 한편 PM10과 PM2.5와 같은 미세분진의 경우 그 측정기간이 짧고 자료가 제한적이지만, 일부 지역에서 증가추세를 보이고 있으며, 그 수준을 비교하였을 때 현재 선진국에서 책정한 미세분진의 규제농도를 훨씬 상회하는 것으로 판단된다. 대기오염으로 인한 건강영향으로는 급성으로 고농도에 수 시간에서 수 일 동안 노출되는 경우 폐기능의 저하, 심박동의 변화, 그리고 신체내 염증물질의 증가 등 인체 기능의 변화가 보고되고 있으며, 기존에 폐장질환이나 심혈관질환을 앓고 있는 사람들의 경우 증세의 악화와 의료이용의 증가 등을 경험하거나 더 나아가 사망에 이르러 수명이 단축되는 것이 보고되고 있다. 급성노출의 경우 미세분진 PM10 10 $\mu$m/m3 당 전체 사망률이 0.5-1$\%$ 가량 증가하는 것으로 보고되며, 만성노출을 조사한 코호트 연구에 근거하는 경우 대기오염에 노출되는 전체 인구에 있어 PM2.5 1 $\mu$m/m3 당 1개월의 수명이 단축되는 것으로 추정되고 있다. 아직 대기오염으로 인한 건강영향의 기전이 전부 밝혀진 것은 아니지만, 일부 연구에서 대기오염물질 중에서 전이금속의 역할이 보고되고 있으며, 대기오염에 노출되면서 기관지, 폐포 및 혈액 등에서 염증매개물질의 분비 및 확산 그리고 심장을 비롯한 각 장기 기능의 변화가 보고되고 있다. 한편 이러한 변화들이 증세와 건강상의 비가역적 변화를 야기하는데 있어 대기오염 수준의 역치는 없는 것으로 판단되고 있다. 이러한 대기오염의 영향에 대한 개인수준의 해결책으로서는 자동차 사용의 절제 및 개인적인 쓰레기 소각의 자제 등 오염원 발생의 감소와 함께 대기오염 수준에 따른 증세 및 투약의 적절한 조절과 신체 활동의 조절을 통하여 오염원을 회피하는 것이 강조되어야 하며, 또한 흡연 특히 실내흡연의 금지와 실내 주방기구 및 난방기구의 관리 등이 구체적으로 제시될 수 있다. 마지막으로 대기오염물질들이 신체에 들어와 산화제로 작용하는 만큼, 식품을 통한 항산화제의 섭취가 일반적인 건강관리 수준에서라도 반드시 강조되어야 할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-33
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• 2009

Mineralogical analysis with petrographic microscope and XRD was carried out to verify manufacturing technique of the tiles(9 samples) and kiln wall materials(5 samples) from the Anchang-ri history site in Wonju county. One of the results we found is such that during the tile manufacturing process fine tile fragments or wall materials might be added instead of chamottes to maintain tile pattern. Abandoned tiles or wall materials were recycled repeatedly, which may be supported by the recycled chamottes that made from iron-rich fine aggregates or disposed kiln wall materials in many samples analyzed. The tiles and wall materials are divided into 3 types, including low temperature type (below $800^{\circ}C$), intermediate temperature type ($800-930^{\circ}C$) and high temperature type ($930-1470^{\circ}C$) as a function of firing temperature which deduced by mineral assemblages identified under petrographic microscope and by XRD composition. Both Kiln A8 of Choseon Dynasty and wall material AW5 were burned at the highest temperature among the all analyzed samples.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2017

This study suggests optimal policy options for collection of used diapers through benchmarking of foreign countries and perception surveys. By conducting a survey, this study can identify the actual problems involved in the collection process and enhance the social acceptance toward diaper recycling policies. As a perception survey result, the economic burden of emission bags and sanitary issues were most important for the collection pilot test. Respondents thought that twice-a-week collection frequency was appropriate and that free emission bags might be preferable to participants. Currently municipal wastes are subject to waste management laws, which are applied by local governments. Diaper waste is categorized with municipal waste, so it seems to be treated by municipal waste systems. In terms of connection with government, possible alternatives were suggested to identify the relevant local government. Useful data could be obtained, to determine the economical viability of any future diaper recycling system implementation in the entire Seoul metropolis and adjacent areas of dense population.

• Journal of Information Technology Application
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-81
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• 2000

An Electronic Document Management System(EDMS) is an electronic system solution that is used to create, capture, distribute, edit, store and manage documents and related structured data repositories throughout an organization. Recently, documents of any type, such as text, images, and video files, and structured databases can be controlled and managed by an office automation system and an EDMS. Thus, many organizations are already using these information technologies to reduce process cycle-times. But what the organizations are missing is a integrated system the current workflow or office automation system and provides immediate access to and automatic routing of the organization's mission-critical information. This study tried to find out the user's requirements for integrating current information system and relatively new technology, electronic document management system in order to improve business operations, productivity and quality, and reduces waste. integration of electronic document management system(EDMS) and office automation system and proper use of these technological will improve organization's processes, and compress the process cycle-times. For this study a case study was done by a project team in cooperation with a government organization(say A company). Through this case study valuable electronic document management and office automation system requirement have been identified and reported for providing a system model in order to design an Integrated EDMS(IMDMS).

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

This study investigates and analyzes the total amount of energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission during the material manufacturing, transportation, construction, operation, and disposal phases of eight elementary school buildings in South Korea. Toward this ends, the hybrid LCA model is proposed. The life cycle energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission of eight case buildings are assessed using the hybrid LCA model with an assumption that the operation period is 40 years. As a result, the embodied(sum of the energy consumption in the material manufacturing, transportation and construction phases), operational and disposal energy were 2,279, 11,182, $228Mcal/m^2$, respectively, on average. The average embodied, operational, and disposal $CO_2$ emission were 604, 2,708, 60 kg-$CO_2/m^2$, respectively, on average. This result indicates that about 17% of life cycle energy (or $CO_2$ emission) is consumed in the material manufacturing, transportation and construction phases. Thus, it is necessary to consider the embodied energy and $CO_2$ emission to reduce the life cycle energy and $CO_2$ emission of school buildings. In addition, while the insulation standard of building have been provided based on the climate zone, energy consumption in operation phase still varied depending on the regions in this study. Thus, the insulation standard of building needs to be improved through considering the climate of regions in detail.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.413-421
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate physicochemical properties of porcine blood hydrolyzed by proteases under various conditions for utilization as a food source. Five kinds of proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase, Protex-40L, PTPF-1430, and KMFP-15) were tested at different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, w/v) during hydrolysis at 55 for 4 hr. Hydrolysis with $^{\circ}C$ KMFP-15 showed the lowest pH by 7.3. The highest soluble solid ($24.3^{\circ}Brix$) and free amino acid (4,944 mg%) contents were obtained by hydrolysis with KMFP-15 (w/v) at 0.2% addition level, which was not significantly different from the sample hydrolyzed at 0.3% level. Under the optimal condition of KMFP-15 at 0.2%, porcine blood was hydrolyzed at 60 up to 8 hr. The $^{\circ}C$ free amino acid content reached the highest at 4 hr, and then decreased with longer hydrolysis time. Under the optimal hydrolysis conditions, porcine blood hydrolysis powder had plenty of crude proteins, amino acids, and minerals, including iron, potassium, and zinc. The results showed that porcine blood could be utilized as an useful source of food supplement. The optimum conditions of hydrolyzing porcine blood, using 0.2 KMFP at $60^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr, can be used in the commercial production of protein supplements, amino acid sources, and iron fortifying agents.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

The porosity formation by the addition of additives was found to be the highest in the case of aluminum powder 3% and $Ca(OH)_2$ 2% under the condition that strength was maintained. The optimum mixing ratio of the binder was shown to be the most effective at (Ash+Food waste+clay):(water glass+colloidal silica) 7:3, and the temperature response is most economical and effective at $1,000^{\circ}C$. The optimal mixing ratio is the strength in 30% of ash, 30% of clay and 10% of food waste, which is the effective in non-point pollution water treatment. Filter media produced under optimal mixing conditions were analyzed as $SiO_2$ 65.8%, density $1.4g/cm^3$, porosity 25.6%, pH 9.8, and no hazardous substances were detected. As a result of the filtration of the water treatment, the mean concentration of the filtered SS was $14.06mg/{\ell}$, and the removal efficiency of SS was 90%, the recovery rate of the reversal is 97.1%. This enables the development of filter media considering economic efficiency and efficiency as well as the utilization of waste resources, enabling high value added of waste resources.