• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2001

In Conventional process, sugaring and seasoning step were combined during seasoning process of Changran-Jeotgal. While, in the case of Improved process, sugaring and seasoning step were separated and agitation was employed in order to control moisture content and improve taste. The addition of $20\%$ of corn syrup and agitation with 10 rpm for 4 hours at $20^{\circ}C$ were carried out to optimize the seasoning process in Changran-Jeotgal. From above results, quality estimation of Changran-Jeotgal manufacturing process, such as chemical and microbiological changes, there were little difference for salinity, pH, VBN value, crude fat and crude protein between Improved process and Conventional one, However water activity of Changran-Jeotgal produced by the Improved process was lower with 0.82 than that of Conventional one with 0.90. And the sensory evaluation showed that Improved process produced more favorable products; By regional groups, Seoul residents favored them more than Busan ones and by age, teen-aged like them best.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

To obtain the fundamental information on the dissolution of nickel into the slag in the pyrometallurgical processes for treatment of wasted PCB, the distribution ratios of nickel between CaO-$SiO_2-Al_2O_3$-MgO slag and copper-5 wt%Ni alloy were measured at 1623 K to 1823 K under a controlled $CO_2$-CO atmosphere. The distribution ratio of Ni increased linearly with increasing oxygen partial pressure. Therefore, the dissolution reaction of nickel into the slags could be described by the following equation; $$Ni(l)_{metal}+\frac{1}{2}O_2(g)NiO(l)_{slag}$$ The distribution ratio of Ni increased linearly with increasing content of basic oxides(CaO and MgO) in slag. However, the distribution ratio of Ni decreased linearly with increasing temperature. From these results, the empirical equation of distribution ratio of Ni was obtained by the following equation from the analysis of experimental conditions by multiple regression. $${\log}L_{Ni}=0.4000{\log}P_{O2}-5.1{\times}10^{-4}T+0.3375\(\frac{X_{CaO}+X_{MgO}}{X_{SiO2}}\)$$

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2011

Ventilation rates, inside and outside weather data were measured in a arch-shape single-span plastic greenhouse growing tomatoes. On the roof of the experimental greenhouse, round windows which have a diameter of 0.6 m were installed at intervals of 8m. It showed that the number of air changes in this greenhouse were average 0.17 volumes per minute and in the range of 0.02 to 0.32 volumes per minute. These air changes are insufficient to meet the recommended ventilation rate for commercial greenhouses, and it is estimated that interval of 6 m is appropriate for spring or fall season. For summer season, it is necessary to narrow the space or to enlarge the open area of roof windows. Using the heat balance model, the evapotranspiration coefficients of greenhouse tomatoes were estimated from experimental ventilation data, overall heat transfer and solar radiation. It showed that the evapotranspiration coefficients were average 0.62 and in the 0.39 to 0.85 range. We suggest applying 0.6 as the evapotranspiration coefficient in design of ventilation for the single-span tomato greenhouses.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-109
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• 1983

The Cretaceous Palgongsan granite is a typical, calc-alkaline, subsolvus monzogranite and shows characteristics of "I-type" granite by mineralogy and chemical composition. Many of the major and trace element characteristics of the Palgongsan granite are consistent with a relationship by fractional crystallisation to form a chemically zoned pattern. The granite show light REE enrichment with (Ce/Yb)N ratios of 5.78-9.50. All the REE patterns show Eu negative anomalies which become larger from the margin ($Eu/Eu^*=0.75$) to the core ($Eu/Eu^*=0.24$) of the pluton, mainly due to feldspar fractionation. Mineral geochemistry (alkali-feldspar, plagioclase & biotite) studies also show the zonal structure of the Palgongsan granite. The two-feldspar geothermometer shows that the temperature difference between the margin and the core part of the pluton is about $200^{\circ}C$ at various assumed pressures.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.12
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• pp.83-95
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• 1994

Fixation rate of reactive dyes on silk fibroin showed the same tendency to absorption rate. Fixation rate of Yellow 179 and Blue 71 was quite slow and Black 5, Blue 49, Blue 4, Blue 19 and Blue 21 was relatively fast. Weight increase by MAA graft polymerization onto filk fibroin was decreased, on the whole, according to the the increase of dye fixation, but weight increase of silk fibroin dyed with Blue 71 and Blue 21 was much higher than that of silk fibroin. And weight increase of silk fibroin dyed with Yellow 179 was similar to that of silk fibroin and in case of Blue 19, weight increase was about 12%, constantly. Weight increase of silk fibroin dyed with Blue 71 and Blue 21 was higher and the others were lower than of silk fibroin. And weight increase was diminished according as the dyeing temperature rises. The color was a little changed by MAA graft polymerization.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.29-34
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• 1990

This study was conducted to examine the influence of heat treatment on the $NH_4{^+}$ adsorption by zeolite and to determine the $NH_4{^+}$ loss from $NH_4-$ zeolite during the incubation. The dominant clay minerals of zeolite were clinoptiloiite and mordenite. $NH_4{^+}$ adsorption by zeolite was equilibrated at a 4hrs-shaking. The content of exchangeable $K^+$ of zeolite was increased with increase in the temperature of heat treatment but the amount of $NH_4{^+}$ adsorbed by zeolite was decreased. The amount of $NH_4{^+}$ in the soil treated with ammonium sulfate was decreased during incubation under the submerged condition but the amount of $NH_4{^+}$ adsorbed by zeolite was not decreased in the same course of incubation. It was estimated that $NH_4{^+}$ adsorbed by zeolite was resistant to $NH_4{^+}$-N loss by various reactions.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2020

The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Acid Red 66, adsorbed by granular activated carbon, were investigated on areas of initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption equilibrium data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin isotherms. The agreement was found to be the highest in the Freundlich model. From the determined Freundlich separation factor (1/n = 0.125 ~ 0.232), the adsorption of Acid Red 66 by granular activated carbon could be employed as an effective treatment method. Temkin's constant related to adsorption heat (B_T = 2.147 ~ 2.562 J mol^-1) showed that this process was physical adsorption. From kinetic experiments, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order model with good agreement. The results of the intraparticle diffusion equation showed that the inclination of the second straight line representing the intraparticle diffusion was smaller than that of the first straight line representing the boundary layer diffusion. Therefore, it was confirmed that intraparticle diffusion was the rate-controlling step. From thermodynamic experiments, the activation energy was determined as 35.23 kJ mol^-1, indicating that the adsorption of Acid Red 66 was physical adsorption. The negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG = -0.548 ~ -7.802 kJ mol^-1) and the positive enthalpy change (ΔH = +109.112 kJ mol^-1) indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process, respectively. The isosteric heat of adsorption increased with the increase of surface loading, indicating lateral interactions between the adsorbed dye molecules.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.513-526
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• 2006

The timing and extent of glaciations during the Late Quaternary in the South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica were defined using field mapping, geomorphic analysis and radiocarbon dating. Landforms of glacial erosion and deposition, in particular subglacial meltwater channel erosion, suggest that at least three glaciations occurred during the late Quaternary within the study region. During the global LGM, glacial troughs (such as Maxwell Bay and Admiralty Bay) were overdeepened by an ice stream moving south from $an\sim1000m-thick$ ice cap centered on the present-day continental shelf to the north. This ice was responsible for the subglacial meltwater channel erosion, and glacial polished and striated bedrock on the Fildes Peninsula. The recent local glaciations occurred about 2,000 years ago and during Little Ice Age (LIA). During these glaciations, glaciers were less extensive than the previous one and less erosive as a cold-based ice

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.501-511
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• 2015

This study suggests a method of alleviating global warming by the increase of the Earth surface albedo through Artificial Sea ice Increasing (ASI) over the Available Freezing Areas (AFA). The method is developed based on the fact that the large sea surface area in or near the Arctic and the Antarctic has no ice even though both water and air temperatures are below zero and the artificial sea ice generation is thus available. The mean energy of $0.85Wm^{-2}$, which was suspected of adding to the earth by the global warming effect was calculated to offset at once when the sea ice area about $4.09{\times}10^6km^2$ was additionally increased. In addition, three techniques for producing ice plates on the sea surface (using ships, installation apparatus, and floating matter such as Green Cell Foam) for ASI were proposed. According to the result of simple analysis using the energy balance model, when ASI was maximally operated only for 3 months (September, October, and November) over AFA, it is expected that the annual mean temperature of earth surface would be decreased about $0.11^{\circ}C$ in the following year. On the other hand, in case of generating the artificial sea ice in all four seasons, a risk of triggering snowball earth was detected.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.838-846
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• 2016

Most of combustion processess used in industries require recovering or removing flue gas components. Recently a new MBA (moving bed adsorption) process for recovering $CO_2$ using zeolite 13X was developed. In this study, adsorption experiments for carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor on zeolite 13X were carried out. Adsorption equilibrium and adsorption rate into solid particle were investigated. Langmuir, Toth, and Freundlich isotherm parameters were calculated from the experiment data at various temperatures. Experimental results were consistent with the theoretically predicted values. Also $CO_2$ adsorption amount was measured under the conditions with impurities such as $SO_2$ and $H_2O$. Binary adsorption data were well fitted to the extended Langmuir isotherm using parameters obtained from pure component experiment. However, $H_2O$ impurity less than, roughly, ${\sim}10^{-5}H_2O\;mol/g$ zeolite 13X enhanced slightly $CO_2$ adsorption. Spherical particle diffusion model well described experimentally measured adsorption rate. Diffusion coefficients and activation energies of $CO_2$, $SO_2$, $N_2$, $H_2O$ were obtained. Diffusion coefficients of $CO_2$ and $SO_2$ decreased with small amount of preadsorbed impurity. Parameter values from this study will be helpful to design of real commercial adsorption process.