• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2001

편평족은 내측 세로궁이 소실되어 족저부가 편평하게 되는 변형의 총칭으로, 소아에서 흔하 고 보호자들의 관심이 많은 질환이다. 이학적 검사상 후족부의 외반과 전족부의 외전소견을 보이며, 감별질환을 위해 정확한 이학적 검사와 방사선학적 검사를 필요로 한다. 원인으로는 유연성 편평족, 종골 외반, 선천성 수직 거골, 부주상골, 족근골 결합등이 있으며 정상적 유 아의 경우 시간경과에 따라 저절로 호전되는 유연성 편평족이 대부분이다. 따라서 병적 편평족이 아닌 경우 편평족의 원인과 양호한 자연경과를 보호자에게 설명하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 소아 편평족의 감별질환을 위한 각 질환에 있어서의 이학적 소견과 검사소견 그리고 이들의 치료에 대해 살펴 보고자 한다.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

Pes planus is a condition where the arch of the foot collapses and comes in contact with the ground. The purpose of study was to confirm the effect of a patient-customized insole on both feet velocity of pes planus with and without the insole, in order to establish both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor of pes planus in future. As a result, the average velocity shifts of both feet showed that left foot is 2.96%, right foot is 1.09% via gait experiment with 13 pes planus patients with and without insole. Therefore this study verified that the patient-customized insole effects on both feet velocity of pes planus. However further study needs to demonstrate both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor in pes planus.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1997

This study on the flatfoot was examined from May 1. 1997 to May 8. 1997. And the subject of investigation was 5U of male and female students, Daegu Health Junior college. The results are as follows ; 1. 240 feet of patients with flatfoot were evaluation in this paper. The incidence of severe flat foot is about $2.34\%$ of the all students. 2. In the distribution of sew, male who have the more mild that foot were 62 students$(38.99\%)$ among 159. female were 178$(50.42\%)$ among 353. The result was that female had more flatfoot than male did, and in the severe flatfoot, showed only female. 3. The longitudinal arch was depressed in all severe flatfoot, and there have been many students suffering from pain after some kinds of heavy work, but there were no definite correlations, found between the depression of the longitudinal arch and clinical symptom. 4. In most students, they weren't recognize whether flatfoot or not, In severe flatfoot, they recognized 6students among.

• 대한족부족관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1997

Radiographs were made of the feet of one hundred and twenty four normal children who were ranged in age from 1 to 13 years. On lateral radiographs that were made with the feet in standing, the talo-first metatarsal, calcaneal pitch and calcaneo-fifth metatarsal angles and arch ratio were measured. Most of the children in this study revealed flattened feet in earlier ages and the mean values were changed with age up to normal range later in the early school ages. These data might provide one of the standard for assessment of the flatfoot in children. However, the diagnosis and treatment of the flatfoot should be based on clinical assessment and radiographic values should not determine clinical management even if the values are beyond the normal range.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.199-207
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• 2019

This study was a convergence study of pre- and post-treatment clinical outcomes and radiologic results of school aged flexible flat foot using insole inserted indoor sandal. Thirty five subjects were asked to wear insole inserted indoor sandals at least five times a week and at least four hours a day. Before and after the $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ week of the treatment, foot radiography and FAOS questionnaire were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure ANOVA. The clinical results showed statistically significant improvement in FAOS symptom and pain category. Radiological results showed a tendency of improvement in the Anterioposterior Talo-$1^{st}$ Metatarsal angle, the Lateral Talo-$1^{st}$ Metatarsal angle, and the Talo-Horizontal angle, but no statistical significance was found. In this study, the use of insole inserted indoor sandal during the majority of the indoor life in school aged flexible flat foot patients is effective in alleviating symptoms and pain relief in the short term.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.256-260
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• 2002

We report a case, showing adult acquired flatfoot, associated with old synchodral diastasis of accessory navicular which was treated with surgical reconstruction.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.208-212
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• 2004

There have been many reports about surgical treatments of flexible flatfoot in children and acquired adult flatfoot deformity due to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction common in the 5th and 6th decades. However there has been a controversy for surgical treatment guideline for painful idiopathic flexible flatfoot deformities in young adults. Therefore, we present a 27-year-old female with severe painful idiopathic flexible flatfoot who was treated with medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy and subtalar arthroereisis using $Kalix^{(R)}$ (Newdeal SA, Vienne, France) endoprosthesis and had good clinical outcome with high patient satisfaction at 10 months follow-up postoperatively.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.110-112
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• 2005

We present the case of an adult flexible flatfoot that was managed with dynamic and multiplarnar approaches which consist of Young's tenosuspension, Evans osteotomy, posterior tibialis tendon advancement with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and Lapidus procedure.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Flatfoot is defined as loss of medial arch with hindfoot valgus, but normal condition is obscure due to wide individual variance. Loss or decreasing of medial longitudinal arch with radiographic image is clinically diagnosed as flatfoot. Flatfoot without symptoms is not an indication for treatment. The etiologies of flatfoot are congenital cause, hypermobility, tarsal coalition, neuromuscular disease, post-traumatic deformity, Charcot arthropathy, and posterior tibial tendon dysfuction. The flatfoot is classified as congenital and acquired, flexible, and rigid. The diagnosis is made by physical examination and radiographic findings. In particular, the posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is known as adult acquired flatfoot.