• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.113-128
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• 2020

The king of Joseon Dynasty Jeong-jo commanded the renovation of Seongjeong-gak, once a study for crown prince, to serve as Pyeonjeon(便殿), a main office for kings. The renovated building strictly separated the routes designated for the king and the other officers, respectively. The interior space consisted of Youngnae, reserved for the king and his senior aides, and Youngwae, for lower ranking officers. Youngnae(楹內) and Youngwae(楹外) corresponded to the two blocks (the space between two columns) on the east and west side, respectively. Such structure of Pyeonjeon was heavily transformed over several occasions beginning from the late nineteenth century. Youngwae was subdivided into separate spaces, and the routes for the king and the officers became indistinguishable.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

It is generally believed that Seonjeong-jeon and Heejeong-dang respectively served as Pyeonjeon of Chang-deok Palace in the earlier and the later period of Joseon dynasty. However, such belief is based on the concept of Pyeonjeon that emerged after the time of King Soonjo's reign(1800~1834). The concept and functions of Pyeonjeon varied among times ranging from Koryo to late Joseon dynasty. In the earlier Koryo dynasty, the word Pyeonjeon signified both "Pyeonjeon in relation to Jeong-jeon" or "Pyeonjeon as a casual office for the king". The ambiguity of the word was resolved when Bopyung-cheong and Jogye-cheong were established in the earlier Joseon dynasty. These buildings in Chang-deok Palace (and only Bopyung-cheong in Gyeong-bok Palace) held rituals related to events in Jeong-jeon, as well as their exclusive political rituals. Thus, the meaning of the term "Pyeon-jeon" became restricted to its second meaning, namely a casual building for the king's everyday office work and small banquets. However, the ambiguity reemerged from around the time of King Seong-jong's reign(1469~1494). In this period, Pyeonjeon as in relation to Jeong-jeon was often referred to as "Jeong-jeon", or "Beop-jeon" from the mid-16th century. In the 19th century, Pyeonjeon as king's casual office took over the characteristics and functions of Beop-jeon. Thus, the popular notion of "Pyeon-jeon" was newly established and passed onto nowadays.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 2023

In the late Joseon Dynasty, the floor of the royal palace was covered with grass mat called ji-ui. Ji-ui was produced by connecting several mats named seokja(席子) and trimming the edge with narrow fabric named seon(縇). The standard manufacturing technique was to connect the shorter sides of the seokjas by overstitching them. A room was covered with either single or multiple ji-uis, depending on the case. In the case of the main and the subsidiary halls (jeong-jeon and pyeon-jeon, respectively) where the king conducted official meetings with the civil servants, multiple ji-uis were laid out to signify the division of space, which reflected the ceremonial aspects of the governing acts. The most essential division was the distinction of yeong-wae(楹外) and yeong-nae(楹內), with the jeon-goju (a tall frontal pillar inside the hall) functioning as the breakpoint. Jeong-jeon was divided into four spaces each covered with one ji-ui: yeong-nae, yeong-wae, and the left and the right sides of the royal seat named jwa-tap(座榻). Pyeon-jeon was covered with three ji-uis that divided the hall into three spaces: yeong-nae, yeong-wae, and hu-twae(後退) (the hind section) where the royal seat was placed on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.707-708
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• 2008

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 1994

In Pyonjon, Kings received high-ranked officials, heard preachings of classical literatures. State affairs were also discussed here. In palaces of the Chosun Dynasty, Pyonjon used to be regarded as the most important building second to the main hall. In Changduk palace, Sonjongjon was the original Pyonjon. But, before the end of the 17th century, Huijongdang began to be called Pyonjon, and after the 19th century, Huijongdang became Pyonjon officially. Sonjongjon was located beside the main hall, while Huijongdang before the King's bedroom. The floor of the former building was covered with brick but Huijongdang covered with ondol and wooden floorings. In Sonjongjon, every man sit on the chair, but in Huijongdang King and officials used to sit down on the floor. The fact that Huijongdang became Pyonjon replacing to Sonjongjon meant change of building arrangement in the palace and usage of inner space.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.74-91
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• 2012

This study puts its focus on Honjeon space which relatively small number of precedent studies chose as a subject of a study. The objective is to analyze Honjeon space's spatial relationship and palaces that consist Honjeon through analysis of spatial configuration and elements that affected construction of Honjeon space. The Royal Funeral, among other ceremonies of Joseon Dysnasty, carries religious characteristic along with functional and structural characteristics. By analyzing "National Five Rites", "Uigwe for the State Funeral 魂殿都監儀軌", and "Annals of Joseon Dynasty", the study organized elementary details about Honjeon space and surrounding spaces to determine the symbolism of Honjeon space's location at each palace and compared them to see if any systematical features existed between Honjeon spaces of each palace. Through this study, it was apparent the king mainly used Jaseongdang Hall of Gyeongbokgung in the early period of Joseon Dynasty and he mainly used Sunjeongjun of Changdeokgung while the queen used Munjeongjun of Changgyeonggung as the time reached the later period of Joseon Dynasty. Also in determination of Honjeon space, the study found that there were records of avoiding Pyeonjeon space in need for political space. The study also determined that places other than Pyeonjeon space was intended to be used for Honjeon space through the analysis which indicates that spaces that were initially used as Pyeonjun in the early Joseon Dynasty and simultaneously as Honjeon space were moved due to changes made in terms of theirs usages. Through the study, it could be also known that primary spaces of Honjeon was composed accordingly to "National Five Rites" and constant pattern of spaces existed among buildings near Honjeon which were arranged according to each palace's characteristic.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.31-49
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• 2010

This study intends to look into management and architectural space composition of Honjeon during the reign of Sukjong. Also it purposes to inspect how to affect management of the Royal Palace. The study is based on each Binjeon Honjeon Dogam Eugwe between late 17C and 18C. And the data on management of the Royal Palace is based on Joseonwangjosillok and Seungjeongwon Ilgi. Because Sukjong used ChangDeokgung and GyeongDeokgung alternately, Honjeon located at Munjeongjeon of ChangGyeonggung during Sukjong stayed at ChangDeokgung and located at Gyesangdang of GyeongDeokgung during Sukjong stayed at GyeongDeokgung. At that time, often movement of the King modified procedure of moving Honjeon. Between the first year of Hyenjong and the 9th year of Sukjong, architectural space of Honjeon was settled. In 1659, territory of Jeongjeon was settled. Also between 1674 and 1684, Goklimcheong was built. Construction of Goklimcheong is noticeable character. As Munjeongjeon was being used as Honjeon continually, it was recognized as Honjeon. Due to its long utilization as Honjeon, several gonvernment offices were transferred. Also it influenced utilization of Myeongjeongjeon.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2020

The palace byeoljeon(別殿), the King's non-ceremonial space, were created as a space for the king to comfortably use and for the king to do what he wanted to do. The byeoljeon housed various types of spaces and were flexible in that they could be repurposed to meet the demands of the times. Nevertheless, their characteristic as palatial building created for the King's convenience has remained unchanged. In this study, we examine the process by which such royal spaces were created by focusing on the reconstruction of the Changdeokgung Huijeongdang during Japanese occupation period, with a view to continuity and the transformation process. The reconstruction of Huijeongdang at the time may be considered along internal and external characteristics. Internally, Huijeongdang connected the symbolism of the king's space as the palace byeoljeon. Externally, Huijeongdang is characterized by its mixture of traditional and western style, where western style structures were housed within traditional buildings. The plans for the block of Huijeongdang also included the coexistence of traditional building, western style building, and mixture of traditional and western style building. This reflects the characteristic continuity of the byeoljeon as well as the architectural techniques of the time, manifested together within a specific spatial block.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-39
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• 2016

The study pertains to reviewing and discussing of the master plan of the main buildings in the palaces of Joseon Dynasty regarding on a Feng Shui concept that has been implemented on the palace axis that is originated from the main mountain. Gyeongbokgung (景福宮) Palace is located on the northwest coner of Hanyang (漢陽) and on the tip of the main mountain which is in contrast a quite distinguishable from the location of the Fobidden city in Beijing located in the middle of a vast basin. Changdeokgung (昌德宮) Palace as well is also located on the tip of Eungbong (鷹峯), a part of Samkaksan (三角山) mountain, of which the locations were designed for the palaces to receive the benevolent force from the main mountain. The same concept was also applied to appointing the ideal location of the maJor buildings such as Jungjeon (正殿: The throne hall), Pyunjeon (便殿: The king's office) and Chimjeon (寢殿: The king and queen's residence) in the palace that must receive the benevolent force from the qui stream also originated from the main mountain, as such that the buildings have in close relationship with the king. Amisa (蛾眉砂) had been considered as an important geographical milestone of the estate where the palace is located, especially as the guiding landmark for other buildings that must be on the land axis. The land axis with the Amisa as the starting point attributed the Feng Shui as an important measure that determines the location and the shape of other buildings. The buildings location was appeared as having the conceptual buildings location as 'front office-back bedroom building (前朝後寢)' and 'three gates-three sectors (三問三朝)' as per the Rites of Zhou (周禮). On both palaces, Amisa is located on the benevolent point of the land, and the king's bed room buildings are located near the Amisa. The main offices were located on the south of the king's bed room buildings. By practicing this type of concept, consequently the king can receive the pure benevolent force first. In the case of the clearly distinguished locations of the buildings in Gyeongbokgung Palace, Chimjeon, Pyunjeon and Jungjeon were located on the same main qui stream. However, in Changdeokgung Palace where scattered qui stream is observed, the buildings are located on the scattered qui stream. The study found that the type of location of Jungjeon receives least amount of benefit from the Feng Shui but reflects primarily the king's authority rather than order and formality of the space.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1269-1280
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• 2009

This study was performed to construct sound performance DB of royal palace buildings and to examine the special quality more scientifically. Research target of royal palace were Changdeokgung and Gyeongbokgung. Sound insulation performance between the adjacent room and facade, room acoustics of Pyeonjeon and Chimjeon which is representative building in royal palace were examined through field measurement. Measured values of RT($T_{mf}$) at Pyeonjeon were 0.78 sec. and 1.03 sec. in Seonjeongjoen and Sajeongjoen, respectively. The RTs of both Pyeonjeon buildings were estimated suitable for speech and lecture considering their volume. The RT($T_{mf}$)s at Chimjeon were measured in range of 0.29~0.55 sec. This meant that the acoustic energy in rooms was decreased by sound transmission through mulberry paper(Hanji) of traditional windows and doors. As a sound insulation performance, the single-number quantities($D_{ls,2m,nT,w}$) of the building facades in Pyeonjeon and Chimjeon were measured 4~20 dB. Also the single-number quantities($D_{p,w}$) between the adjacent rooms in Chimjeon were measured 3~18 dB. Sound insulation performance of traditional building elements such as window and door depended strongly on their layers and area.