Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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A Feng Shui Analysis of the Locations of the Main Buildings in the Palaces of Joseon Dynasty

조선시대 궁궐 정전(正殿)의 배치형식에 투영된 풍수구조

  • Jung, Woo-Jin (Dept. of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Sangmyung University) ;
  • Go, Je-Hee (Dept. of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University)
  • 정우진 (상명대학교 환경조경학과) ;
  • 고제희 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과)
  • Received : 2015.08.12
  • Accepted : 2016.03.14
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

The study pertains to reviewing and discussing of the master plan of the main buildings in the palaces of Joseon Dynasty regarding on a Feng Shui concept that has been implemented on the palace axis that is originated from the main mountain. Gyeongbokgung (景福宮) Palace is located on the northwest coner of Hanyang (漢陽) and on the tip of the main mountain which is in contrast a quite distinguishable from the location of the Fobidden city in Beijing located in the middle of a vast basin. Changdeokgung (昌德宮) Palace as well is also located on the tip of Eungbong (鷹峯), a part of Samkaksan (三角山) mountain, of which the locations were designed for the palaces to receive the benevolent force from the main mountain. The same concept was also applied to appointing the ideal location of the maJor buildings such as Jungjeon (正殿: The throne hall), Pyunjeon (便殿: The king's office) and Chimjeon (寢殿: The king and queen's residence) in the palace that must receive the benevolent force from the qui stream also originated from the main mountain, as such that the buildings have in close relationship with the king. Amisa (蛾眉砂) had been considered as an important geographical milestone of the estate where the palace is located, especially as the guiding landmark for other buildings that must be on the land axis. The land axis with the Amisa as the starting point attributed the Feng Shui as an important measure that determines the location and the shape of other buildings. The buildings location was appeared as having the conceptual buildings location as 'front office-back bedroom building (前朝後寢)' and 'three gates-three sectors (三問三朝)' as per the Rites of Zhou (周禮). On both palaces, Amisa is located on the benevolent point of the land, and the king's bed room buildings are located near the Amisa. The main offices were located on the south of the king's bed room buildings. By practicing this type of concept, consequently the king can receive the pure benevolent force first. In the case of the clearly distinguished locations of the buildings in Gyeongbokgung Palace, Chimjeon, Pyunjeon and Jungjeon were located on the same main qui stream. However, in Changdeokgung Palace where scattered qui stream is observed, the buildings are located on the scattered qui stream. The study found that the type of location of Jungjeon receives least amount of benefit from the Feng Shui but reflects primarily the king's authority rather than order and formality of the space.

본 연구는 조선시대 궁궐에 나타난 핵심전각의 배치형식을 주산과의 관계로 검토하여 궁궐 축선에 투영된 풍수개념과 그에 따른 계획원리를 고찰하는 것이다. 조선 건국 직후 창건된 경복궁은 거대한 분지의 중앙에 입지한 자금성과는 달리 도성 서북쪽에 치우친 곳이면서 백악산의 산줄기가 끝나는 지점에 입지하였다. 태종 때 창건된 창덕궁도 마찬가지로서 삼각산의 또 다른 지맥인 응봉 아래에 궁궐터가 마련되었는데, 모두 산의 정기를 궁궐에 담으려 했던 의도를 담고 있다. 이러한 관념은 구체적으로, 궁궐 내부의 정전, 편전, 침전 등 임금과 관련된 주요 건물의 배치가 주산의 내맥에 따라 배치되는 것으로 이행되었다. 특히 대내에 들어와 있는 아미사는 궁궐터가 정해졌던 근거지형이기도 했지만 전각배치가 이루어진 기준점으로 작용하였다. 아미사를 기점으로 하는 축선은 풍수적 의미의 좌향이 건축적 형식으로 구현되는 형식이었으며, 주례에 근거한 전조후침과 삼문삼조를 실현하는 형식으로 통합되어 나타났다. 한편 양궐 모두 아미사가 혈진처(穴盡處)를 이루고 있는 곳 가까이에는 임금의 정침이 우선적으로 입지되었다. 침전의 남쪽에는 보통 편전이 배치되었는데, 이는 임금이 아미사 혈의 순수한 지기를 가장 먼저 점유하고 누리고자 하는 실리를 따른 결과로 판단된다. 중축선 배치가 뚜렷한 경복궁의 경우, 하나의 주맥 하에 침전, 편전, 정전이 일원적으로 배치되었고, 내맥이 분산된 창덕궁은 정전과 침전의 축이 형편에 따라 나뉘어 졌다. 정전의 입지형식은 최소한의 풍수적 이점을 취하되 왕의 권위를 드러내는 공간의 질서와 형식이 보다 중시된 것으로 조사되었다.

Keywords

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