• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1977

One hundred human maxillary first molars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared, and used in vitro study to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, canals per root, and frequency of apical deltas. The results were as follows; 1. The mesiobuccal root was found to contain a single primary canal in 53% of the teeth studied and two canals in 47 % of the teeth studied. 2. In mesiobuccal roots with two canals, the seperated apical foramen appeared 32% of the specimens and the common apical foramen 15% of the specimens. 3. Of the 347 canals studied, 26.9% of the canals were found to contain lateral canals and these ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-86
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• 1980

Fifty human maxillary second molars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared, and used in vitro study to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, canals per root, and frequency of apical deltas. The results were as follows. 1. The mesiobuccal root was found to contain a single primary canal in 62% of the teeth studied and two canals in 38% of the teeth studied. 2. In mesiobuccal roots with two canals, the seperated apical foramen appeared 24% of the specimens and the common apical foramen 14% of the specimens. 3. Of the 169 canals studied, 23.1% of the canals were found to contain lateral canals and these ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1978

Fifty two mandibular permanent canines were chosen to study the anatomy of the root canal. The experimental teeth were injected with China ink, decalcified, cleared and observed to investigate the number of root canals, frequency and location of lateral canals, the location of apical foramens, the frequency of apical deltas, and the curvature of root canals. The results were as follows: 1) all of the experimental teeth demonstrated single canal. 2) of the 52 canals, 9.6% of the canals were found to have lateral canals and the locations of the lateral canals were in the apical third of the roots 3) Thirty three apical foramens were located laterally on the root apices and nineteen foramens were located on the centers of the root apices. 4) 37 canals showed straight curvature, 12 canals distal curvature. 3 canals labial curvature.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1981

Eighty four human maxillary first premolars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared and used in study, in vitro, to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, the frequency and location of transverse anastomoses, the curvature of root canals, the location of apical foramens, and the frequency of apical deltas. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the teeth demonstrated two canals, but 20.2% of the teeth were found to have one canal. 2. Of the 151 canals studied, 38.4% of the canals were found to have lateral canals and these ramifications were usually located in the apical third of the root. 3. Of the two root canals in one root, 35.7% of the canals were found to have transverse anastomoses and were usually located in the middle third of the root. 4. 15.2% of apical foramens were located directly on the root apex and 84.8% of them laterally, and 52.3% of canals showed distal curvature.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.231-247
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• 2016

본 연구는 2014년도 회계감사보고서부터 주식회사의 외부감사에 관한 법률(외감법)의 개정에 따라 추가자료인 외부감사 참여인원 수, 감사내용 및 투입시간 등을 기초로 자산규모 천억원의 상장기업을 표본으로 평균을 산출한다. 그러나 실제 천억원 자산규모를 가지는 대상기업은 소수이기에 이를 기준으로 도출하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 천억원을 중심으로 -10%의 기업 50개와 +10%의 기업 50개까지 표본을 확장하여 100개의 기업을 선정하고 이를 표본으로 하였다. 등급별 투입인원 및 투입시간의 평균을 산출하기 위해 두 집단의 t-검정을 실시, 두 집단간 차이를 분석한 결과 집단간 차이가 없다는 것을 확인하였다. t-검정의 분석결과에 따라 100개의 표본으로 하는 회계감사 투입 인원 및 투입시간의 평균값을 산출하였다. 그리고 선행연구인 문태형(2016)의 연구에서 산정한 예정원가계산에 의한 감사보수 산정에 사용된 대상기업의 투입인원 및 투입시간의 견적값과 본 연구의 산출값과 비교한다. 본 연구의 결과가 최적의 적정치는 아니다 할지라도 기준이 없는 감사시장에서 회계감사 투입인원 및 투입시간을 비교할 수 있는 기본 척도로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 이러한 외감법의 개정은 이전의 총 투입 감사시간만을 공시한 것보다 항목별 자세한 공시로 감사인의 독립성과 회계제도의 투명성을 제고할 수 있을 것이다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1977

One hundred and thirteen human mandibular first molars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared and used in study, in vitro, to determine the number of root, the number of root canals, canals per root, frequency and location of transverse anastomoses, frequency and location of lateral canals and frequency of the apical deltas. The results were as follows; 1. Most of the teeth showed three canals, but 21. 25% of the teeth were found to have two canals and 21. 25% of them four canals. 2. In so far as observing two canals per root, 77.0% of teeth were found to have two canals in mesial root and 25.7% of them in distal root. 3. In roots with two canals, the separated apical foramen appeared 59.8% in mesial side and 40.0% in distal side, and the common apical foramen 40.2% in mesial side and 60.0% in distal side. 4. Of the two root canals in one root, 37.3% of the canals were found to have transverse anastomoses and were usually located in the apical third of the root. 5. 25.7% of 113 teeth were found to have lateral canals, and ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1981

Ninety four human mandibular third molars were chosen to study the anatomy of the root canal. The experimental teeth were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared and used in study, in vitro, to determine the number of root, the number of root canals, canals per root, frequency and location of transverse anastomoses, frequency and location of lateral canals and frequency of the apical deltas. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the teeth showed two canals, but 17.0% of the teeth were found to have one canal, 17.0% of them three canals, 3.2% of them four canals and l.1% of them five canals. 2. In so far as observing one canal per root, 17.0% of the teeth were found to have one canal in single-rooted tooth, 48.9% of them in mesial root and 58.5% of them in distal root. 3. In roots with two or three canals, the separated apical foramen appeared in 55.6% in single-rooted tooth, 64.3% in mesial side and 80.0% in distal side, and the common apical foramen appeared in 44.4% in single-rooted tooth, 35.7% in mesial side and 20.0% in distal side. 4. Of the two root canals in one root, 19.1% of the canals were found to have transverse anastomoses and were usually located in the apical third of the root. 5. 63.8% of 94 teeth were found to have lateral canals, and ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 1979

Fifty two human mandibular second molars were chosen to study the anatomy of the root canal. The experimental teeth were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared and used in study, in vitro, to determine the number of root, the number of root canals, canals per root, frequency and location of transverse anastomoses, frequency and location of lateral canals and frequency of the apical deltas. The results were as follows; 1. Most of the teeth showed three canals, but 19.2% of the teeth were found to have two canals and 9.6% of them four canals. 2. In so far as observing two canals per root, 80.8% of the teeth were found to have two canals in mesial root and 9.6% of them in distal canal. 3. In roots with, two canals, the seperated apical foramen appeared in 59.5% in mesial side and 40.0% in distal side, and the common apical foramen appeared in 40.5% in mesial side and 60.0% in distal side. 4. Of the two root canals in one root, 36.2% of the canals were found to have transverse anastomoses and were usually located in the apical third of the root. 5. 23.1% of 52 teeth were found to have lateral canals, and ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

2005년부터 한국벤처투자(주)에 의해 운용되고 있는 국내 모태펀드는 그동안 민간VC들의 펀드조성을 원활하게 하는 역할을 수행해 왔다. 그러나 모태펀드의 기여는 기타 LP를 유인하는 마중물 역할에만 국한되지는 않는다. 모태펀드가 출자할 때는 GP에게 투자실행 과정과 사전/사후적 과정에서 철저한 관리를 요구한다. 이러한 관리가 GP의 창의성을 저해하는지 아니면 오히려 GP의 투명성과 전문성을 높이는 지는 실증적인 질문이 될 것이다. 만약 모태펀드의 출자가 마중물 역할만 하고, 펀드의 크기나 운용기간이 VC펀드의 수익률에 양의 영향을 주지 않는다면, 모태펀드의 출자여부는 자펀드의 수익률에 영향을 줄 이유가 없다. 만약 모태펀드의 관리가 GP의 창의성을 저해한다면 모태펀드의 출자는 펀드 수익률에 음의 영향을 줄 것이다. 그러나 모태펀드의 출자가 GP의 투명성과 전문성을 향상시킨다면 자펀드의 수익률에 유의한 양의 영향을 줄 것이다. 또는 모태펀드가 제시하는 관리요건을 충족할 수 있는 GP만이 모태펀드의 출자를 받을 수 있기 때문에 결국 모태펀드는 우수한 GP를 택하게 된다고 해도 실증결과는 동일할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 벤처캐피탈협회로부터 제공받은 자료를 토대로 2000년부터 2018년까지 펀드결성과 청산을 마친 펀드로 표본을 구성하고, 모태펀드의 출자를 받은 하위표본과 그렇지 않은 하위 표본을 나누어 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 모태펀드의 출자를 받은 VC펀드가 더 높은 수익률을 보였음을 보고하면서, 모태펀드가 GP의 전문성을 재고하는 역할도 가지고 있다는 가설을 지지하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(4)
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• pp.514-519
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• 1996

국내 원자력 산업이 활성화됨에 따라 우리 나라의 IAEA 보장조치 대상시설과 시설에서 취급하는 핵물질이 지속적으로 증가하여 왔다. 점차 증가하는 시설과 핵물질들을 효율적으로 통제, 관리하고 원자력의 평화적 이용에 대한 대외적 투명성 제공 및 핵물질 취급에 따른 대외적 의무사항들을 효율적으로 이행하기 위한 국가차원의 법적, 제도적 정비가 요구되어져 왔다. 이에 따라 '95년에 개정된 원자력법 및 관계 범령에 따라 과기처는 '96년도부터 국가사찰을 실시할 예정이며, 이러한 국가사찰 및 국가통제 시스템을 원자력연구소의 원자력통제기술센터가 지원하도록 명시하였다. 이러한 근거로 개발된 국가사찰 지원시스템(National Inspection Support System : NISS)은 여러 가지 사찰기술 중에서 시설이 계량관리 자료를 정확하게 기록하고 유지하였는지에 대한 장부검증, 표본선택을 위한 계층분류 및 사찰결과보고서 작성 등을 수행 할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 이 시스템을 이용하여 사찰관은 시설 핵물질의 재고목록, 재고변동기록 및 근거서류 등과 같은 많은 계량관리 자료의 검증을 신속하고 정확하게 수행하여 업무의 효율성 및 검증결과에 대한 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있다.