• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 2009

As ubiquitous computing technology is proliferating, a wider range of u-services applying ubiquitous computing technology has been implemented and some of the u-services have been actively considered for commercialization. Accordingly, establishing corresponding business models based on u-services also have been increased. However, structured methodologies to build u-service business models are still in its very early age. Moreover, since most of the legacy business model formulation and analysis methodologies have stressed on conventional or digital services, not u-services. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a structured methodology of formulating and analyzing business models for u-services. An illustrative example is described to show the feasibility of the proposed methodology. To do so, Business Model Diagram (BMD), which adopts model components for u-services, is newly developed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1208-1213
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• 2010

In this paper, a microstrip balun-BPF of slotted-square-patch type is proposed. The conventional balun-BPF has some drawbacks of narrow bandwidth and high insertion loss. In order to improve these weak points, we used a square patch in designing balun-BPF on which two slots intersecting perpendicularly and one corner-edge perturbation are adopted. This structure allows one of the most effective use of the patch space so that the insertion loss can be decreased. Changing the slot lengths is use to control the operating frequency and the bandwidth of the balun-BPF. A fabricated balun-BPF shows wide bandwidth of 300 MHz(12.7 %), small insertion loss of 0.56 dB, phase difference of $184^{\circ}{\pm}15^{\circ}$ and amplitude imbalances of within 1 dB between two output ports at 2.4 GHz band.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2016

Emergency tracks are necessary in case a broken down train evacuates, a train needs to make way for a faster train behind it, or a train suddenly stops and following trains must avoid colliding with it. Magnetic Levitated (maglev) Trains can change track to enter an emergency track using a segmented switch or a traverse switch. On a traverse switch, a train can change its track when the part of the track that the train is on moves to the other track. Currently manufactured Maglev trains have two bodies and the total length is 25 meters. If a traverse switch is used, it will only require 30 meters of track to move the train to the other track, so, when it comes to efficiency of costs and space, the traverse switch surpasses the articulated switch. Therefore, in this paper, an optimized design to secure structural safety and weight lightening is suggested. To achieve these results, the heights of the piled concrete and girders which are both placed on the top of the traverse switch, are set as design variables. The Finite Element Method (FEM), in application of kriging and in the design of the experiments (DOE), is used. Maximum stress, deformation, and structural weight are compared with the results, and through this process structural safety and weight lightening is proven.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2014

The historic cultural landscape of East lake in Kyung river area during Joseon dynasty was very outstanding that it had many attractions of scenic beauty, however, the Han river of today is being recognized as a natural landscape and as a place with low cultural and historical traits. This study applied landscape characteristics of the cultural space of Joseon Dynasty on visual image elements of Lynch to research the landscape characteristics. The research results are as follows. When East lake was applied to visual image elements, it was recognized as a 'superb' 'paths,' and the 'edge' which signifies the boundary showed its 'superb' clarity of the East lake. For the 'node,' a turning point of direction, Dumopo represented the 'superb' awareness. As East lake, Apgujung, and Jecheonjung represented the 'superb' awareness when 'landmark' among visual image elements of Lynch was applied to the cultural space, the awareness level and reputation were proportional to the visual image elements. When pattern, structure, and meaning of the cultural space were clear and had definite identity, the 'landmark' and 'district' elements were 'superb.' It was also identified that when awareness level of space was higher, the awareness of historic cultural landscape was high as well. Therefore, considering visual awareness level of the historic cultural landscape of Han river during restoration to investigate and to conduct case studies is considered to increase the awareness level of historicity and cultural character as well as restoration of the place.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.188-199
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• 1995

This International Geographical Symposium is to comemorate the 50th anniversary of the Korean Geographical Society. The Korean Geographical Society (KGS) which is the headquater of the geogaphical study will be play a main role to promote International Geographical Conference(IGC). And KGS hopes to prepare for the success of IGC and to examine the ability of the Korean Geographical Society for holding IGC in Seoul, in 2000. Above all, we expect to confirm what vision of the spatial structure our geographers have had for the last 50 years and in the position of the Korean Geographical Society, we present various studies on the spatial structure of the Unified Korea and through the discussion of the members we are going to lead our common interest to the key of reunification and motivate this studies more actively. We think that German geographers who have been studying the establishment of the spatial structure before and after the reunification of Germany will help in setting spatial structure of reunified Korea. In the second part of seminar, we will have a lecture on "Geography in the 21st Century; its Perspectives and Contribution". This lecture will prepose the trends of international geographical study and discipline, to Korean geographers and encourage them to realize what position we are in on the level of international geography and intensify their study. In the end of twentieth centuries, Korean geographers, who accessto postmodernism, hope to develope the unique subject matter and discipline regrardless of the 50 year-partition of the Korean Peninsula through the study of geobraphy. What can we suagest to geographers under the unique spatia1 structure of the divided peninsula\ulcorner How will our country develope in the future when DMZ, the last remains of cold war, vanishes and our reunified country becomes\ulcorner These subject matters will be issued in this International Geographic Conference. These issued subject matters and procedures of discussion will stimulate younger students to have interest in our unique geographic environment and to set up thier own method of study. In the third part of seminar, a special lecture on "Half-century of Korean Geography: It's Reflection and Perspective", the product and the subject of each part in geography will be discussed. Because this seminar is for the first time in 20 years after the 30th anniversary, the evaluation and the comment of each field in geography will be focused on because the achievement of each member's study is evaluted and refered to objectively. The newly developed field ewll be proposed, as well as the evaluation and the result of the Korean Geographical Society. The criticism and the proposal of the Korean Geographical Society will encourage the study of each member. And it will contribute to the development of the Korean Geographical Society. We hope all the issued papers to be published as atreatise and circulated to all members, university liberaries, each institution etc. There is no doubt our research and study will affect geographers and geography teachers to use this treatise. If possible, we will make public editions to distribute widely for students who study geography. It will help students to study geography encouragingly and to understand a correct structure and to commit themselves to promote the developed industrial country when they are playing a leading part in society. And we will contribute this issue to all the institutes such as the congress, each department of government, the political parties, the economic circles and private institutes, in order to make them understand our academic efforts and activities. Besides, we hope this contribution will give them much understanding and interest about 2000 IGC in Seoul beforehand.in Seoul beforehand.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11
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• pp.22-29
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• 1995

I have to find standpoint of sight moulding of Chi I Sung Hwa(seven stars picture) analysis of graphic systems of a symbol sight native to our nation. And I will comprehend emotion of folkways by simple and graphic lines and colors in mathematical Grid of which ancestor had expressed in gauge moulding consciousness. This papers aim is to make a contribution to lead by on part of communication design. About structural analysis of pictorial graphic side. I) Mathematical thought of the Orient and space constitution are first basically the Orient expressed number notion of mathematics of unlimitedness and notion of zero so called space and empty second can analigize a diagonal expansion method by development of symmetry notion to basic the dual principle of the negative and positive by degrees development expressed space division method by direction notion. 2) About the proportion analysis it based the golden section globularity and in modern layout it takes vision center of position, after appointing the brow of sacred image of Chil Sung Hwa as center point of proportion and applied to the point proportion and so analigized the posibility of established. Rule in union of each elements and rule of forms about picture image. 3) Mathematical structure analysis to search a unified principle at the balanced arrangement and rule of forms it analigized the standard the rule of forms. it analigized the standard the rule of forms to body module of basic movement of protagonist and follower above basic forms of grid that is the basis of design system.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2011

1990년 이후 공산체계인 구소련과 동구권이 몰락하고 세계적으로 탈냉전의 변화와 우리의 민주정부 수립 후 햇빛정책 등에도 불구하고 북한은 적화통일을 포기하지 않고 작년 11월에 연평도에 포격을 가하여 민간인과, 군이 2명이 사망하는 사건이 발생 하였다. 또한 북한의 공격은 과거의 포탄공격뿐만 아니라 미사일이나 화생방과 같은 생화학물질 탑재 가능한 공격이 예상된다. 이에 대비 정부에서는 고정시설의 화생방 방호는 일단유사시에 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하는데 필수요소로서 집단보호개념에 도입하고 있으며, 현재 각 중요 대피시설 및 지자체의 기존 대피시설을 개인방호, 탐지, 제독, 운용절차를 포함한 실태파악 및 재래식 탄을 포함한 통합적인 조치를 마련하고 있다. 작년 2010년 11월 연평도에서의 북한 포격이후 우리는 서해5도나 접경지역 주민과 그리고 근접거리의 서울시민들이 안전하게 포격으로부터 피난 할 수 있는 민방위대피소에 대한 문제점이 대두되고 대책방안을 요구하고 있다. 소방방재청 기준에 따르면 직격(直擊) 핵폭탄을 제외한 화생방, 재래식 무기 공격에 견딜 수 있는 시설은 '1등급 대피시설'인데 서울에는 한 곳도 없다. 고층건물의 지하 2층 이하나 지하철, 터널 같은 2등급 대피시설도 폭격은 견딜 수 있지만 화생방 공격에는 취약하다. 지하상가 등 건축물의 지하층, 지하차도나 보도는 그보다 더 취약한 3등급이며 단독 주택의 지하층처럼 방호 효과가 떨어지는 곳이 4등급이다. 2등급으로 분류된 대피소의 경우 분류만 되어 있을 뿐 장기간 대피시 시민들이 사용 할 수 있는 거주공간이 아닌 임시 대피로서의 역할만 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 민방위 기본법에 따라 지하에 $3.3m^2$ 당 4명 이상이 대피할 수 있는 규모의 공간을 갖추기만 하면 대피시설로 볼 수 있는 현 문제점과 1등급에서 4등급으로 나뉘어져있는 민방위 대피소와 대피소가 있지만 피난공간으로서의 역할과 구조적으로 안전한가에 대한 국내외 실태 분석을 통하여 분석한 결과 우리는 서해5도 대피시설의 반 이상이 무용지물이고 접경지 또한 피난시에 피난장으로서의 대피소가 난방이나, 구급품과 식구 시설 등이 구비가 되어 있지 않고 대피시설로 지정한곳이 간판이나 안내시설이 없다. 외국의 경우 스위스는 연방정부의 관리책임으로 전쟁이나 핵 확산에 따른 화생방 업무 전담팀을 두고 있으며, 방독면은 개인 방호물자로서 전국민 100% 보유하고, 각가정이나 건축, 시설물의 경우 화생방 표준 대피시설 설치관련 규정 마련 시행하고 있다. 대피시설은 화생방 방호가 가능한 지휘부용 대피시설과 일반 주민대피용 시설을 구분하여 설치운영하고 있으며, 전국에 650만개를 설치하고 있다. 결론은 대피시설이 북한 공경시 피난시설로의 활용방안을 모색 등급구분에 따른 현실적용 수정과 기존 대피소 보강과 재선별이 필요하고, 신축시 설계 표준설계안 그리고 기존의 대피소에 대한 보수, 보강방법 가이드라인과 장기간 거주에 대한 설비구축 등과 국민 대홍보등을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.49-63
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• 2010

This study focused on the method of separation - space organization- as one of the architectural methods that is considered by the view point of its location and arrangement of 'Byoul-seo' private garden pavilion in Honam province. As a result, the followings are conclusions; By this study, they can be found in the concept of '居敬窮理', '格物致知'. It is presumed that nature union is archived through the 'yan-sang(玩賞)' which is ultimate state of knowledge that is based on the premises of opened significance in emancipation from narrow view point in the past and cognition of value. Therefore, it is needed to know the unworldly point of space perception about the pavilion territory, furthermore to have conceptual method to distinct pavilion from the world. there are two methods in the distinct concept in this pavilion research: unworldly separation and meditative separation. It is concluded that the specific consideration of the method of separation that is applied in the Byoul-seo pavilion. And it is accomplished by the contemplation of separation method in approach and entrance of direct influence area. they could be 1) cross the hill, 2) cross over a brook, 3) lifted up in the mount, 4) penetrate the forest, and 5) narrow entrance, which could be part of location.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.351-362
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• 2006

Currently, finding one's way in the underground spaces associated with subway stations in large cities is becoming a serious problem, and an environment that facilitates wayfinding is becoming more important. This study investigated interior treatments that function as visual cues in the subway stations of Seoul, Tokyo, and Taipei in order to develop design guidelines that would improve the place-cognition environment. A theoretical study has shown that there are three categories of visual cue for place cognition: marked trails, regional differentiation, and landmarks. The case study showed that marked trails involve treatments like vertical markers, confrontational positioning, and subway color codes. Regional differentiation involves patterns on the floors and walls, and accent colors on the walls and columns. Landmarks include treatments such as super graphics, symbolic features, artistic decoration and special lights. In the cases of Seoul, marked trails and regional differentiation were predominant. In addition, the Olympic symbol 'Hodori' and the ancient Korean character "Hunminjungeum" were used as landmarks. In the cases of Tokyo, regional differentiation predominated over marked trails because of the complexity of the spatial structure and subway line connection system. In the cases of Taipei, simple, unified images predominated, and there was minimal dependence on marked trails and landmarks. The need for regional differentiation was weak, because the stations studied have open structures that guarantee an open field of view. The results of this research could be used as design guidelines, after further experimental verification, that would help to improve the public environment in terms of wayfinding.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.87-121
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• 2010

Soang excavates the idea of equality in our national indigenous thoughts and the theoretical structure of threefold egalitarianism in our traditional Confucianism. He also digests diverse Western thoughts and introduces some of them into his theory. At first sight, his theory looks like an assembly of diverse Western thoughts. However, he always justifies it with our traditions. Even if his theory and political position fails in his time, it gives us valuable instructions. First, if the failure of his political center position means an opening road toward Korean division, his political position must be a future guide for the reunification of Korean peninsula. Second, if the bi-polarization is a serious disease of our society, then his view of egalitarianism must be a efficient guide for curing our society. Third, as European Union shows us, the kingly view of world family is a feasible guide for realizing world peace in future.