• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

The distributed rainfall-runoff model which is developed in the country requires a lot of time and effort to generate input data. Also, it takes a lot of time to calculate discharge by numerical analysis based on kinematic wave theory in runoff process. Therefore, most river basins using the distributed model are of limited scale, such as small river basins. However, recently, the necessity of integrated watershed management has been increasing due to change of watershed management concept and discharge calculation of whole river basin, including upstream and downstream of dam. Thus, in this study, the feasibility of the GIS based physical distributed rainfall-runoff model, K-DRUM(K-water hydrologic & hydraulic Distributed RUnoff Model) which has been developed by own technology was reviewed in the flood discharge process for the Geum River basin, including Yongdam and Daecheong Dam Watersheds. GIS hydrological parameters were extracted from basic GIS data such as DEM, land cover and soil map, and used as input data of the model. Problems in running time and inaccuracy setting using the existing trial and error method were solved by applying an auto calibration method in setting initial soil moisture conditions. The accuracy of discharge analysis for application of the method was evaluated using VER, QER and Total Error in case of the typhoon 'Ewiniar' event. and the calculation results shows a good agreement with observed data.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 2018

This study examines the locational characteristics and change of business type in the residental areas that have commercial gentrification issues in Seoul, Korea, using the logistic regression model. The analysis results indicate that the gentrification occurrence areas are strongly associated with low-density and old residential areas. In addition, those areas are more likely to have great accessibilities to highway ramp, subway station, colleges, and other facilities that attract people. Regarding the characteristics of the road, gentrification occurrence areas are associated with longer road length, lower rate of road areas, higher local integration of road network, and higher rate of three-way intersections. This finding indicates that low-density and old residential areas with organic road networks have strong links with commercial gentrification. This study also finds that the business type has been substantially changed from 2006 to 2014 in the commercially gentrified residential areas. While the coffee shops and drinking places have been increased, but neighborhood-living facilities have been decreased. This study also shows that the business life-cycles of drinking places or Korean restaurant are getting short. Finally, this study discusses the commercial gentrification issues and policy implications in the residential districts in Seoul, Korea.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2012

At present, Seoul City is putting the bus exclusive lane system into practice according to mass transit revitalization policy. Starting with the installation of roadside bus exclusive lane in the past, at present, even the road sections for central- lane bus exclusive lane system are on the increase. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors giving impacts on bus accident on central bus exclusive lane and roadside bus exclusive lane. In case of the central bus exclusive lane, the 6 variables, such as the number of bus routes, number of access & entrance to central lanes patterns, whether the stop line of central lanes retreats or not, separated distance between the stop line of central lanes and crosswalks, traffic volume, and number of bus routes stopping at bus stops on reversible lanes, were found to have a significant influence on bus accidents. In case of roadside bus exclusive lane sections, the four variables such as the number of right-turn bus routes, whether to be chronic illegal parking & stopping, time for the walk signal, and forms of land use, etc. were found to have a significant influence on bus accident.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

As the deforestation in North Korea gets severed, the interest for REDD+ is also increasing. This study analyzed historical land cover changes of the study area which is 10,000 ha in Hwanghaebukdo of North Korea for assessing change in landcover and carbon storage. The result showed that the forest area had decreased from 7,035 ha to 4,293 ha which is approximately 39% of total forest area between 1989 and 2013. The deforestation caused that forest carbon storage had decreased approximately $284,399tCO_2$. Set the baseline and analysed the potential reduction amount of carbon emission, it was estimated that REDD+ project could store approximately $364,704tCO_2$ for next 30 years. This study still has limitations such as lacking in direct field survey and the data of stand volume of each tree species which was replaced with the data of stand volume in South Korea. But, study can be applied for future REDD+ projects in North Korea.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

Disasters that destroy homes and infrastructure and cause significant financial damage are becoming more common as population centers grow. In addition, several natural disasters have resulted in a major loss of life and created countless refugees due to damage to housing. After major catastrophic disasters, it is very important that the government agencies respond to post-disaster housing issues and provide resources such as temporary housing before the full rehabilitation and reconstruction of destroyed and damaged housing. To provide affordable temporary housing for residents who may lose their homes as the result of a catastrophic disaster including storms, government agencies must develop a post-disaster housing prototype. In general, government agencies should explore several different forms of factory-built single-story, single family housing, such as modular homes, panelized homes, and precut homes. In urban cities including New York and Seoul, it is very important to provide housing which supports the demand for higher-density living spaces than single-family homes or trailers typically available due to the high population density and the desire to resettle as many residents as possible in their former neighborhoods. This study identified the urban post-disaster housing prototypes that may provide higher density housing with high quality living spaces, high air quality, and energy efficiency as well as rapid deployment. A case study of "Urban Post-Disaster Housing Prototype Program in New York" was conducted through a detailed interview process with a designer, engineer, contractor, the Office of Emergency Management (OEM) in New York, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and temporary occupants. An appropriate disaster housing program that can provide living spaces for victims of disasters that keeps residents in their community and allows them to live and work in their neighborhoods was developed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.529-538
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• 2016

This study, multispectral and hyperspectral sensors were utilized to use radiometric cross validation for the purpose of radiometric quality evaluation of a 'KOMPSAT-3'. Images of EO-1 Hyperion and Landsat-8 OLI sensors taken in PICS site were used. 2 sections that have 2 different types of ground coverage respectively were selected as the site of cross validation based on aerial hyperspectral sensor and TOA Reflectance. As a result of comparison between the TOA reflectance figures of KOMPSAT-3, EO-1 Hyperion and CASI-1500, the difference was roughly 4%. It is considered that it satisfies the radiological quality standard when the difference of figure of reflectance in a comparison to the other satellites is found within 5%. The difference in Blue, Green, Red band was approximately 3% as a comparison result of TOA reflectance. However the figure was relatively low in NIR band in a comparison to Landsat-8. It is thought that the relatively low reflectance is because there is a difference of band passes in NIR band of 2 sensors and in a case of KOMPSAT-3 sensor, a section of 940nm, which shows the strong absorption through water vapor, is included in band pass resulting in comparatively low reflectance. To overcome these conditions, more detailed analysis with the application of rescale method as Spectral Bandwidth Adjustment Factor (SBAF) is required.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

농업 비점오염원으로부터의 수질 보전이나 수자원 관리는 유역단위로 하는 것이 세계적 추세이며, 지형이 복잡한 우리나라에서는 더욱 효율적일 수 있다. 유역은 물이나 기타 물질들이 모여 강이나 더 큰 수계로 흘러드는 지표수의 범위라 표현할 수 있으며 그 범위를 정함에 따라 매우 중요한 의미를 지니게 된다. 특히, 강우에 따른 수자원의 유입과 유출이 토양을 통해 발생함에도 불구하고 기존의 유역단위 구분이 토양의 특성을 전혀 반영하지 못하고 있는 우리의 현실은 효율적 관리를 위한 유역단위 구분의 큰 단점으로 작용해왔다. 따라서, 농업적 관리뿐만 아니라 수질관리 및 수자원 관리를 위해서도 유역단위 특히, 소유역을 토양특성이 포괄하는 체계적 단위로 분류할 필요성이 있다. 토양학에서는 동일한 모재에서 유래된 일련의 토양이 미세지형에 따라 연속적으로 분포된 것을 Soil Catena(토양연접군)라고 한다. 이 토양연접군을 위주로 토양을 분류하게 되면 수문이나 기상현상 등의 주요 매질인 토양을 그룹화할 수 있는 가능성을 얻게 되고 이런 그룹화는 유역을 수계 위주의 유역군이 아닌 동일특성이나 유사특성을 나타낼 수 있는 유역군으로 분류가 가능하도록 유도할 것이므로, 이런 분류는 토양을 포함하는 다양한 수문모형의 적용성을 확대해 합리적 수자원 관리에 도움이 될 것이며 수자원 환경에 영향을 미치는 오염물질 관리에 대한 유역단위 보편성을 확보하고 농업에서의 최적관리를 가능하게 할 것이다. 우리나라 유역 세분화는 토양조사가 되어 있는 지역에만 한정해 분류에 이용했다. 대유역은 15개로 구분하였으며(그림 1), 중유역은 117개 소유역은 1,108개를 분석에 사용했다. 유역의 만곡도(하천의 실제길이 하천의 직선장) 산림의 비율(표준유역내 임지토양의 면적 / 소유역의 면적), 평탄지의 비율(표준유역내 평탄지의 비율 / 소유역의 면적), 다른 소유역으로부터의 유입이 있는지의 여부 등을 기본자료로 하였다. 이렇게 구분된 소유역은 유형적으로 보면 유사한 지형 및 토양특성에 따라 그룹화하였다. 유역내 평탄지가 유역면적의 25% 이상을 차지하는 지역을 평야지로 구분하며, 유역내 평탄지가 25% 미만이고 경사지가 45% 이상인 중간지, 유역내 평탄지가 25% 미만이고, 경사지가 45% 미만인 곳을 산간지로 구분하였다. 경사지는 산악지와 구릉지를 제외하여 모든 소유역을 모암 유래토양특성에 따라 16유형, 농업지대에 따라 3개의 유형으로 나눌 수 있으며 총 개의 유형으로 분류하였다. 이런 분류의 토대위에 향후 필요분야마다 구분이 가능한 기후특성을 포함시킨다면 최종적으로는 모든 것이 해설될 수 있는 유역군으로 만들 수 있을 것이다. 즉, 토양특징, 농업특징, 기후특징에 비점오염가능성 등 토지이용상 문제점등을 포괄한다면 다양한 자연현상을 기술할 수 있는 효과적인 유역군이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.571-583
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• 2007

The effects of climatic changes owing to urbanization, geographical and topographical conditions on Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration, and energy and aerodynamic terms of Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration have been studied. In this study, 56 climatological stations including the Seoul metropolis in South Korea have been selected, and the area of study site was set at $314\;km^2$. The climatological station is centrally located In the study area with a 10 km radius. The geographical and topographical characteristics of these sites were examined using GIS analysis. Land use status of the study area was also examined to estimate the extent of urbanization. The study results indicated that the variation of reference evapotranspiration rate is closely related to urbanization in most climatological stations. The level of change in reference evapotranspiration was higher in areas with higher urbanization rates. The change in reference evapotranspiration appears to be caused by temperature rises following heat island phenomena due to urbanization, and by the decrease in humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration due to the Increase in residential areas in urban districts. Especially, the humidity decrease causes a significant decrease in evapotranspiration rate. The study results showed that climatic change due to urbanization and proximity to the coast had the greatest effect on reference evapotranspiration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.470-474
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 하천복원사업으로부터 발생하는 사회 경제적 편익의 측정 및 평가를 위한 기준 및 지표를 다루고자 한다. 하천복원사업의 목적 및 하천의 기능 및 사업의 영향을 기초로 선정된 평가 기준은 크게 생태적 측면과 사회 경제적 측면으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서 생태적 측면이 강조되는 것은 하천 생태의 다양한 측면을 파악하는 것이 사회 경제성 연구에 있어 풍부한 논의의 가능성을 제공해주는 측면이 있기 때문이다. 이는 하천복원사업이 가지는 복합적인 성격으로 인해 사업의 사회적, 경제적, 생태적 영향이 서로 고립되지 않고 영향을 주고받는 것에서 연유한다. 첫 번째 평가 기준인 생태적 측면에서는 세부기준으로 생태계 및 수문부문 등의 변화를 포함하며, 복원사업 전후의 서식처 및 생물 종 다양성의 변화, 하상의 다양화 등을 지표로 고려할 수 있다. 나머지 큰 평가 기준인 사회 경제적 측면에서는 홍수방지 효과나 수질개선 효과와 같은 우리가 생태계로부터 제공받는 직접적인 서비스나 토지 이용의 변화 및 그 변화에서 야기되는 영향(하천의 친수 기능이나 학습효과 등), 복원사업의 관리 및 비용 측면 등을 세부기준으로 고려할 수 있다. 하천복원사업의 구체적인 평가를 위해, 각 세부기준에 대한 지표는 현 복원사업에서 실시되는 평가기법, 하천복원관련 문헌조사 및 사례조사를 통해 검토하여 일차적으로 선정한다. 각 지표는 고려하고자 하는 특성에 따라 정량화가 용이한 지표와 정성적 측면이 강한 지표로 나뉜다. 이렇게 선정된 지표는 전문가 조사를 통해 지표에 대한 의견을 수렴하여 확정한다.한 치즈곤죽에서는 쓴맛 펩타이드가 형성되었다가 사라짐을 관찰할수 있었다. 한편 지질분해효소를 침가할 경우 총 휘발성산이 4일 이후에 급격히 증가함을 통해 사용한 효소는 유지방을 잘 분해함을 알 수 있었으며 GLC에 의한 유리 지방산의 분석 결과는 Cheddar치즈곤죽은 시판Cheddar 치즈와 비슷하고 Italian형 치즈곤죽은 시판 Italian치즈보다 약간 떨어졌다. Cheddar치즈의 중요한 품미성분인 활성 SH기는 glutathione을 첨가한 치즈곤죽에서 발효 4일부터 증가하였으며 단백질분해효소를 함께 첨가할 경우 그 증가현상이 현저하였다. 단백질분해요소의 첨가유무에 따라 점도 변화는 다른 두 가지 양상으로 나타나 효소를 첨가할 경우 단백질이 분해됨에 따라 점도가 급격히 감소하였다.>${\pm}0.36$) %, 0.34(${\pm}0.27$) %, 0.34(${\pm}0.18$) % 의 오차를 보였다 중간에 6 cm 의 PP 을 위치한 경우에는 에너지별로 1.15(${\pm}1.86$) %, 0.90(${\pm}1.43$)%, 0.86(${\pm}1.01$)% 의 오차를 나타내었다. 이 경우에는 PCD 10 cm 의 경우에 비교적 큰 오차를 보였으며 PCD 10 cm 인 경우를 제외하면 에너지별로 0.47(${\pm}1.17$) %, 0.42(${\pm}0.96$) %, 0.55(${\pm}0.77$0.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.927-940
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• 2017

Landslide has been a major disaster in Indonesia, and recent climate change and indiscriminate urban development around the mountains have increased landslide risks. Java Island, Indonesia, where more than half of Indonesia's population lives, is experiencing a great deal of damage due to frequent landslides. However, even in such a dangerous situation, the number of inhabitants residing in the landslide-prone area increases year by year, and it is necessary to develop a technique for analyzing landslide-hazardous and vulnerable areas. In this regard, this study aims to evaluate landslide susceptibility of Java, an island of Indonesia, by using GIS-based spatial prediction models. We constructed the geospatial database such as landslide locations, topography, hydrology, soil type, and land cover over the study area and created spatial prediction models by applying Weight of Evidence (WoE), decision trees algorithm and artificial neural network. The three models showed prediction accuracy of 66.95%, 67.04%, and 69.67%, respectively. The results of the study are expected to be useful for prevention of landslide damage for the future and landslide disaster management policies in Indonesia.