• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

A construction can be more convenient and safer with adequate informations. Consequently, studies on collecting various informations using newest surveying technology and applying these informations to a construction have been making progress recently. Digital images are easy to obtain and contain various informations. Therefore, with the recent development of image processing technology, the application field of digital images is getting wider. In this study, we proposed to use a fisheye lens camera in underground construction sites, especially tunnels, to overcome inconvenience in photographing with general lens cameras. A program for mapping the surface of a tunnel and making a mosaic image is also developed. This mosaic image can be applied to observe and analyze abnormal phenomenons on tunnel surface like cracks, water leakage, exfoliates, and so on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.507-512
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• 2006

There are many risks in constructing tunnel-structure. To prevent these risks from occurring and secure safety, the precise and rapid survey of inside displacement of the tunnel is required. But nowadays the measurement of the crown settlement, convergency, and surface settlement depends on general kinds of method which use total station or level. In the way to provide data about maintaining structure according to recent improvement and progress of measuring technology, 3D laser scanning is used. It solves the problem of reliability in measuring displacement of existing structure, provides material that enables to estimate shape change of structure visually, and makes it possible to deliberate speedy countermeasure. By this three dimensioning it is possible to make efficient use of structure maintenance and field measurement

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.377-388
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• 2006

Most structures experience deterioration after construction. A routine inspection and maintenance must be accomplished for the efficient use of the structures. The routine inspection will play a major role on the determination of maintenance period and method. This study aims development of an automated tunnel inspection system based upon a 3 dimensional laser scanner. As for the initial stage of the project, a prototype tunnel scanner has been developed. The development of a tunnel scanner prototype follows comparison between image scanning and laser scanning system and investigation on the applicability and adaptivity of the scanners to the railway tunnel scanner. The applicability of the laser scanner on the railway tunnel has been confirmed from the pilot test by using commercialized general purpose close range laser scanner and applicability of a laser scanner as a railway tunnel scanner has been checked. From the result, a prototype of railway tunnel scanner has been built and the calibration of the system was carried out. Finally the developed tunnel laser scanner has been applied to different shapes and sizes of tunnels in use.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2541-2544
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• 2003

새로운 원리에 의한 원격 거리 및 각도측정 시스템［1］［2］(이하 TS, Total Station)을 개발하였다. 본 시스템은 마이크로 터널링 공법의 굴진기의 후미 또는 임의의 기준점에 원격으로 점멸할 수 있는 십자형의 발광체를 부착하고, 추진관에 고정시킨 상하좌우 각도측정 및 비접촉식 레이저 거리측정기가 부착된 무인 원격 제어장치에 의하여 십자형 발광체의 중심을 자동으로 검출한다. 또한. 회전각과 CCD 라인 스캔 센서의 조합에 의하여 각도를 정밀하게 원격 측정하게 된다. 한편 본 시스템을 이용하면 마이크로 터널링 공법에 의한 추진관내의 측정 가능한 범위를 연결하는 위치에 복수의 TS를 배치하여 서로의 위치를 자동으로 계측하고 그들 데이터를 컴퓨터에 의하여 계산함으로써, 맨홀의 임의의 기준점으로부터 굴진기의 현재 좌표를 신속하고 정확하게 계산할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-128
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• 2024

Items of road tunnel PISD (Precise Inspection for Safety and Diagnosis) were reviewed and analyzed using newly enhanced MMS (Mobile Mapping System) technology. Possible items with MMS can be visual inspection, survey and non-destructive test, structural analysis, and maintenance plan. The resolution of 3D point cloud decreased when the vehicle speed of MMS is too fast while the calibration error increased when it is too slow. The speed measurement of 50 km/h is determined to be effective in this study. Although image resolution by MMS has a limit to evaluating the width of crack with high precision, it can be used as data to identify the status of facilities in the tunnel and determine whether they meet disaster prevention management code of tunnel. 3D point cloud with MMS can be applicable for matching of cross-section and also possible for the variation of longitudinal survey, which can intuitively check vehicle clearance throughout the road tunnel. Compared with the measurement of current PISD, number of test and location of survey is randomly sampled, the continuous measurement with MMS for environment condition can be effective and meaningful for precise estimation in various analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2001

Topographic map is important for the additional detailed construction planning followed by slope sliding. It is a base map that is used to compute the volume of soil, the cost of construction, and check the stability in the area of slope sliding. In this study, 3D topographic data were acquired appling softcopy photogrammetry to the dangerous slope, and the method which can transform these data to the same coordinates system as early TM coordinates was designed. There was a problem when the one meter contour line was made by analysing the image taken from the distance three hundred meters. By solving this problem, this could be used as important data for the planning of road expansion construction. It is expected to be useful for the measurement of various dangerous area in civil engineering works.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.40
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• pp.67-75
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• 2007

There are a number of risks in constructing tunnel-structures. Therefore, the precise and rapid observation about inside deformation of the tunnel is required to prevent these risks from occurring and to secure safety. But currently, the real situation is that the crown settlement, cavity deformation and ground surface settlement rely upon the universal mensuration which uses total station or various kinds of measuring instruments. Recently, according to improvement and progress of measuring technology, three-dimensional laser scanning is used as the method to provide data for maintaining structures. It solves the reliability problem of measuring method for the transformational volume of existing structures, provides data that enables to judge visually by three-dimensioning the shape change of structures and makes it possible to deliberate speedy countermeasure. And it can also be efficiently used in the structure maintenance and field measurement.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.2 s.25
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• pp.39-45
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• 2003

Roads have been developed throughout the history of mankind, and play a significant role among many traffic facilities for the economy, politics and cultures of our lives. However, the management of roads has not been fully scientific or systematic due to governmental policies focused on construction resulting in damages, and the loss of drawings for existing roads. In this case, it is difficult to manage roads using normal cadastre due to its time consuming work. And, when applying satellite surveying to rapidly extract the centerline of roads, it is impossible to obtain data about the status of internal tunnels. Therefore, this study can be used to extract optimum alignment data of tunnels using the data from satellite surveying, and is a practical paper which can contribute to efficient management and usage of alignment data and road facilities in establishing a HMS(Highway Management System) for the renewal and management of the alignment data of roads, by comparing the data from satellites with the alignment data in existing drawings.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.438-448
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• 2012

Applicability of the digital photogrammetry technique for measurement of rock joint roughness is addressed in this study using the DSLR camera. Measurements of roughness were performed for two rock joint specimens using the laser profiler and the digital photogrammetry technique. The statistical roughness parameters were estimated for two dimensional roughness profiles constructed from each method. Obtained results showed that the statistical roughness parameters estimated from the digital photogrammetry technique were lower than that based on the laser profilometer, even though a high degree of correlation might exist between them. The effects of camera direction on roughness measurements were found to negligible in practice. The digital photogrammetry could be a cost effective method to measure the roughness of rock joints with various scale at the fields.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.527-533
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• 2015

This study performed an on-site demonstration of the topographic surveying technique at a large-scale open-pit limestone mine in Korea using a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, Drone, SenseFly eBee). 288 sheets of aerial photos were taken by an automatic flight for 30 minutes under conditions of 300 m altitude and 12 m/s speed. Except for 37 aerial photos in which no keypoint was detected, 251 aerial photos were utilized for data processing including correction and matching, then an orthomosaic image and digital surface model with 7 cm grid spacing could be generated. A comparison of the X, Y, Z-coordinates of 4 ground control points measured by differential global positioning system and those determined by fixed-wing UAV photogrammetry revealed that the root mean squared errors were around 15 cm. Because the fixed-wing UAV has relatively longer flight time and larger coverage area than rotary-wing UAVs, it can be effectively utilized in large-scale open-pit mines as a topographic surveying tool.