• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.589-598
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• 2002

thiathlophene (EDiTT) was synthesized. The yield of the synthesis was about 29%. The monomer was identified by using NMR, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopic methods. Poly (3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene) (PEDiTT) was prepared using this monomer and FeCl$_3$. The deep blue green color of the product was changed into brown color by the reduction with $N_2$H$_4$. This was soluble to common organic solvents. Spectroelectrochemistry was used to characterize the PEDiTT. NMP was the best solvent for PEDiTT. PEDiTT/NMP solution was used for making SAM type thin film of the polymer on gold electrode. Electrochemical and IR spectroscopic methods were used to identify the thin film.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.447-454
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• 2017

A new amperometric biosensor has been developed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). The sensor was fabricated through the one-step deposition of a biocomposite layer onto a glassy carbon electrode at neutral pH. The biocomposite, as a $H_2O_2$ sensing element, was prepared by the electrochemical deposition of a homogeneous mixture of graphene oxide, aniline, and horseradish peroxidase. The experimental results clearly demonstrated of that the sensor possessed high electrocatalytic activity and responded to $H_2O_2$ with a stable and rapid manners. Scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry were performed to optimize the characteristics of the sensor and to evaluate its sensing chemistry. The sensor exhibited a linear response to $H_2O_2$ in the range of 10 to $500{\mu}M$ concentrations, and its detection limit was calculated to be $1.3{\mu}M$. The proposed sensing-chemistry strategy and the sensor format were simple, cost-effective, and feasible for analysis of "food-grade $H_2O_2$" in food samples.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2005

A lever type CO micro gas sensor was fabricated by MEMS technology. In order to heat up the gas sensing material, $SnO_2$, to a target temperature, a micro heater was built on the gas sensor. The heater and electrodes were hanged on the air as a bridge type to minimize the heat loss to the silicon base. The sensing material laid on the heater and electrodes and did not contact with the silicons base. The temperature distribution of micro gas sensor was analyzed by a CFD program, FLUENT. The results showed that the temperature of silicon wafer base was almost similar to that of the room temperature, which indicates that the heat generated at the micro heater heated up effectively the sensing material. The required electric current of micro heater to heat up the sensing material to the target temperature could be predicted.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2011

We investigated the surface morphology changes of a lithium/sulfur battery using multi-walled canbon nanotube added sulfur electrode during charge-discharge cycling. The Li/S cell showed the first discharge capacity of 1286 mAh/g-S, which utilized is 71% of the theoretical value. It decreased to 328 mAh/g-S at the 100th cycle, which corresponds to about 19% utilization of the total sulfur in the cathode. The spherical lumps of the reaction product were observed on the surface of the sulfur electrode. This material was verified as lithium sulfide by X-ray diffraction measurement. The pores in the separator were filled with reaction product. Thus the diffusion of the $Li^+$ ion decreased, which resulted in the decreased capacity of the Li/S cell.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2021

With increasingly strict requirements for advanced energy storage devices in electric vehicles (EVs) and stationary energy storage systems (EES), the development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power density and safety has become an urgent task. Because the performance of LIBs is determined primarily by the physicochemical characteristics of its electrode material, TiO₂, owing to its excellent stability, high safety levels, and environmentally friendly properties, has received significant attention as an alternative material for the replacement of commercial carbon-based anode materials. In particular, self-organized TiO₂ micro and nanostructures prepared by anodization have been intensively investigated as promising anode materials. In this review, the mechanism for the formation of anodic TiO₂ nanotubes and microcones and the parameters that influence their morphology are described. Furthermore, recent developments in anodic TiO₂-based composites as anode electrodes for LIBs to overcome the limitations of low conductivity and specific capacity are summarized.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.470-477
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• 2021

Energy storage systems should address issues such as power fluctuations and rapid charge-discharge; to meet this requirement, CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) spinel nanoparticles with a suitable electrical conductivity and various redox states are synthesized and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. In particular, CFO electrodes combined with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can provide long-term cycling stability by fabricating binder-free three-dimensional electrodes. In this study, CFO-decorated CNFs are prepared by electrospinning and a low-cost hydrothermal method. The effects of heat treatment, such as the activation of CNFs (ACNFs) and calcination of CFO-decorated CNFs (C-CFO/ACNFs), are investigated. The C-CFO/ACNF electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 142.9 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and superior rate capability of 77.6% capacitance retention at a high scan rate of 500 mV/s. This electrode also achieves the lowest charge transfer resistance of 0.0063 Ω and excellent cycling stability (93.5% retention after 5,000 cycles) because of the improved ion conductivity by pathway formation and structural stability. The results of our work are expected to open a new route for manufacturing hybrid capacitor electrodes containing the C-CFO/ACNF electrode that can be easily prepared with a low-cost and simple process with enhanced electrochemical performance.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.483-487
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• 2007

Electrochemistry of 1.0 mM bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) $(Cu(ph){_2}^{2+})$ in 100 mM NaCl solution including 27 mM $MgCl_2$ with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is studied. In the presence of SDS, $E_{pa}$ and $E_{1/2}$ of $Cu(ph){_2}^{2+}$ by adding $Mg^{2+}$ shifts to a positive direction compared to the SDS free. The intersection of two lines on ${\Delta}E_p$ vs -log[SDS] plot is determined as a critical micelle concentration (CMC). When $Mg^{2+}$ is added, it seems that the double layer became more compact. And the formation of micelles is retarded.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2024

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) networks structure using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for Si-graphite composite electrode was developed and studied about effects on the electrochemical performances. To investigate the effect of SWCNTs on forming a conductive 3D network structure electrode, zero-dimensional (0D) carbon black and different SWCNTs composition electrode were compared. It was found that SWCNTs formed a conductive network between nano-Si and graphite particles over the entire area without aggregation. The formation of 3D network structure enabled to effective access for lithium ions leading to improve the c-rate performance, and provided cycle stability by alleviating the Si volume expansion from flexibility and buffer space. The results of this study are expected to be applicable to the electrode design for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.311-325
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• 2007

The concept of metal bioavailability, rather than total metal in soils, is increasingly becoming important for a thorough understanding of risk assessment and remediation. This is because bioavailable metals generally represented by the labile or soluble metal components existing as either free ions or soluble complexed ions are likely to be accessible to receptor organismsrather than heavy metals tightly bound on soil surface. Consequently, many researchers have investigated the bioavailability of metals in both soil and solution phases together with the key soil properties influencing bioavailability. In order to study bioavailability changes various techniques have been developed including chemical based extraction (weak salt solution extraction, chelate extraction, etc.) and speciation of metals using devices such as ion selective electrode (ISE) and diffusive gradient in the thin film (DGT). Changes in soil metal bioavailability typically occur through adsorption/desorption reactions of metal ions exchanged between soil solution and soil binding sites in response to changes in environment factors such as soil pH, organic matter (OM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), low-molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), and index cations. Increasesin soil pH result in decreases in metal bioavailability through adsorption of metal ions on deprotonated binding sites. Organic matter may also decrease metal bioavailability by providing more negatively charged binding sites, and metal bioavailability can also be decreases as concentrations of DOC and LMWOAs increase as these both form strong chelate complexeswith metal ions in soil solution. The interaction of metal ions with these soil properties also varies depending on the soil and metal type.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

In order to overcome the cost issue for commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this research was conducted for replacing platinum cathode catalyst with non-precious metal catalyst. The non-precious metal catalyst (Co-PANI-C) was synthesized by the simple reduction method with polyaniline (PANI), carbon black, and cobalt precursor without any heat treatment. Characterization of new Co-PANI-C composite catalysts was done by the measurement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for structure analysis and performed by rotating disk electrode (RDE) and rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) for electrochemical analysis. As a result, Co-PANI-C catalyst showed 60 mV lower on-set potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than Pt/C catalyst, but the overall reduction current of Co-PANI-C catalysts by ORR was still smaller than that of Pt/C. In addition, the ORR behavior of Co-PANI-C catalysts depending on the rotation speed of electrode and the stability of Co-PANI-C catalyst under potential cycling and the performance of fuel cell conditions are also discussed.