• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.125-148
• /
• 2014

This paper performs a historical analysis on the various factors contributing to the current carbon lock-in of Korean electricity industry by using techo-institutional complex. The possibilities of the industry's carbon lock-out toward more sustainable development are also investigated. It turns out that market, firm, consumer, and government factors are all responsible for the development of the carbon lock-in of Korean power industry; the Korean government consistently favoring large power plants based on the economy of scale; below-cost electricity tariff; inflation policy to suppress increases in power price; rapid demand growth in summer and winter seasons; rigidities of electricity tariff; and expansion of gas-fired and imported coal-fired large power plants. On the other hand, except for nuclear power generation and smart grid, environment laws and new and renewable energy laws are the other remaining factors contributing to the carbon lock-out. Considering three key points that Korea is an export-oriented economy, the generation mix is the most critical factor to decide the amounts of carbon emission in the power industry, and the share of industry and commercial power consumption is over 85%, it is unlikely that Korea will achieve the carbon lock-out of power industry in the near future. Therefore, there are needs for more integrated approaches from market, firm, consumer, and government all together in order to achieve the carbon lock-out in the electricity industry. Firstly, from the market perspective, it is necessary to persue more active new and renewable energy penetration and to guarantee consumer choices by mitigating the incumbent's monopoly power as in the OECD countries. Secondly, from the firm perspective, the promotion of distributed energy system is urgent, which includes new and renewable resources and demand resources. Thirdly, from the consumer perspective, more green choices in the power tariff and customer awareness on the carbon lock-out are needed. Lastly, the government shall urgently improve power planning frameworks to include the various externalities that were not properly reflected in the past such as environmental and social conflict costs.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 1995

Carbon and small amounts of alloying elements were added in Fe-5.7% Al ferromagnetic damping alloy. The specific damping capacities(SDC) of these alloys were investigated in relation to the grain size and the magnetic hysteresis loops. The behavior of carbon was analysed by XRD and EDS. These alloys showed characteristic damping nature of ferromagnetic damping materials. The alloying elements decreased SDC and especially the carbon was remarkable. The SDC was observed to be not related with the grain size but with the magnetic hysteresis loop area. The remarkable decrease of SDC by carbon addition was attributed to the locking migration of $90^{\circ}$ magnetic domain wall by the interstitial carbon in Fe-Al solid solution. However, the carbides also seems to decrease the SDC.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.1551-1562
• /
• 1991

최근까지 발표된 유한 요소법을 이용한 압연 해석 관련 주요 논문들을 정리해 보면 다음과 같다. Li와 Kobayashil는 강소성 유한 요소법(rigidplastic finite element method)을 여러가지 마찰조건에 대하여 해석하였다. 이때 압연롤은 강체 (rigid body)로 시편은 가공경화(workhardening)를 동반한 강소성체로 모델링하였다. Hwang과 Kobayashi는 강소성 유한 요소법을 이용한 평면 변형 압연에서 재료 손실을 최소화하는 예비 성형체(preform)의 설계에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이 경우에도 역시 압연롤은 강체로 시편은 가공 경화를 동반한 강소성체와 완전 소성체로 모델링 되었으나, 고착(sticking) 마찰 조건에 대해서만 해석을 수행하였다. Mori와 Osak- ada 그리고 Oda는 약간 압축성이 있는 재료의 평면 변형 압연에 대하여 연구하였다. 이때 압연롤은 강체로 시편은 가공 경화를 동반한 강소성체로 모델링 되었으며 경계 면에서는 Coulomb 마찰을 고려하였다. 이밖에도 오일러(Eulerian) 수식화를 이용한 Dawson과 Thompson, Berman의 해석 결과가 있으며, 또 폭 방향의 변형까지를 고려한 Li와 Kobayashi, Mori와 Osakada의 3차원 해석 결과가 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.08a
• /
• pp.155-155
• /
• 2011

그래핀(graphene)은 모든 탄소 원자가 표면에 존재하는 이차원 결정이기 때문에 다른 고체 표면에 고착될 때 인장 및 압축 변형(tensile & compressive strain)과 전하 도핑(charge doping)에 취약하다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 산화실리콘(SiO2/Si) 기판 위에 기계적으로 박리된 그래핀에 혼재되어 나타나는 기계적 변형과 전하 도핑 현상을 분석할 수 있는 라만 분광법 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 대부분의 시료에서 기계적 변형으로 인해 라만 G-band와 2D-band의 진동수(${\omega}$)가 특별한 상관관계(${\Delta}{\omega}2D/{\Delta}{\omega}G$ = 2.0 ${\pm}$ 0.2)를 가진다는 사실을 확인하였다. 전자 친화도가 큰 F4-TCNQ (tetrafluorotetracianoquinodimethane)를 증착하여 화학적으로 p-형 전하 도핑을 유도한 그래핀에서는 기계적 변형과는 분명히 구별되는 상관관계(${\Delta}{\omega}2D/{\Delta}{\omega}G$ = 1.0 ${\pm}$ 0.3)가 관찰되었다. 본 연구는 라만 분광법을 통해 그래핀의 기계적 변형과 전하 도핑 정도를 정량적으로 분리해서 분석할 수 있는 방법을 제시해 준다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.365-375
• /
• 2016

This study was interpreted the forming process of surface contaminants on ten-story stone pagoda of Wongaksa temple, Seoul. Results of research, we estimated that black contaminants were formed by graphite stuck carbon in air pollution substance after that gypsum was generated by chemical weathering on stone pagoda. White contaminants were built by recrystallization of calcite that were made by decomposition of finishing materials and structure on the stone surface. To preserve a long-term of stone pagoda in Wongaksa temple, there were required that continuous monitoring, anticorrosion treatment and contaminants cleaning of protective facilities.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 2008

A surfactant is used to assist the effect of cleaning, dispersibility and adhesion during leather manufacturing process. Existing surfactant for that process includes many hydrophilic groups that may cause problem such as stain, bad water resistance and poor durability, etc. It is potential problem to make high-performance property for future leather market. In this study, we have synthesized the fluorinated surfactant of which property decreases surface tension, increases dispersion, cleaning effect and the better chrome absorption by the high bond energy of C-F to complement weakness that the present alkyl derivative surfactants have. Using fluorinated surfactant, we can confirm that dispersion is increased, chrome absorption ratio is augmented with high osmosis and coherence, chrome content in the tanning waste water is reduced, BOD and COD contents are diminished and physical characteristics are improved.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.291-303
• /
• 2019

This study analyzed the changes in the industrial environment surrounding the Gumi region and the status of the industrial crisis in the Gumi area amid such changes. The Gumi region is experiencing a more turbulent period than ever in the environment changes at the international, national and local levels, such as the transition to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the weakening of the competitiveness of key industries including mobile devices and displays, and the moving-out of core companies such as Samsung and LG Group. Accordingly, efforts have been made to diversify the industrial structure by fostering industry of automobile parts, high-tech medical devices and carbon materials to cope with and adapt to environmental changes at the regional level. However, the Gumi region is still locked in to the mono-cultural, large enterprise-dependent industrial structure centering on the mobile and display sectors, failing to overcome the regional industrial crisis and stagnating the overall local economy. The relocation of large companies began to increase in the 2010s, reducing the protection of large corporations against environmental changes at the corporate level. As a result, the crisis factors of small and mediumsized enterprises are gradually expanding to the national and international scale and working more complexly, which is beyond the level they can afford. So it is highly likely that the current industrial crisis will deepen. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the resilience to adapt to changes in the environment when it comes to overcoming the industrial crisis in Gumi region. To this end, it is necessary to improve innovation capabilities and diversify businesses based on convergence and complex technologies at the enterprise level, and to be selected as a special crisis response area aimed at creating an innovative ecosystem through autonomous resonance of companies and industries at the local level.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.4-31
• /
• 2018

The Neolithic pottery excavated from the Jungsandong site has been classified into four types of pottery (I: feldspar type, II: mica type, III: talc type and IV: asbestos type) according to their mineral composition. These four types of potteries generally appear to have undergone incomplete firing, while the level of oxidation in the type I pottery objects, which have a relatively higher clay content, was found to be particularly low. The type III objects, which have a high talc content, are judged to have been somewhat slow in removing carbon because they contain saponite belonging to the smectite group. Of the four types of pottery, type IV showed the highest redness and the most uniform characteristics, thus indicating a good level of oxidation. In particular, fixed carbide (C; 33.7 wt.%) with a thickness of about 1mm, and originating from organic substances, was detected inside the walls of the type I pottery, while the deep radial cracks in the outer surfaces of the pottery are thought to have been caused by repeated thermal shocks. Given that all of the pottery except for the type I artifacts are considered to be have been made for storage purposes, those containing talc and tremolite are easy to done liquid storing vessels based on an analysis of their material characteristics. As for the type II relics, which are composed of various minerals and exhibit poor physical properties, they seem to have been used for simple storage purposes. As domestic talc and asbestos mines were concentrated in the areas of Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, and Chungnam, it seems likely that talc and tremolite were produced as contiguous minerals. Considering the distance between the remains in Jungsandong and these mines and their geographical distribution, there is a possibility - albeit somewhat slight - that these mines were developed for the mining of various minerals. Although ultramafic rock masses - such as serpentine capable of generating talc and tremolite - have not been found in the Jungsandong area, limestone and biotite granite containing mica schist have been identified in the northwestern part of Yeongjong Island, indicating that small rock masses might have formed there in the past. Therefore, it is judged necessary to accumulate data on pottery containing talc and tremolite, other than the remains in Jungsandong, and to investigate the rocks and soils in the surrounding area with greater precision. The firing temperatures of the pottery found at the Jungsandong site were interpreted by analyzing the stability ranges of the mineral composition of each type. As a result, they have been estimated to range from 550 to $800^{\circ}C$ for the type I artifacts, and from 550 to $700^{\circ}C$ for the type I, II and IV artifacts. However, these temperatures are not the only factors to have affected their physical properties and firing temperature, and the types, particle sizes, and firing time of the clay should all be taken into consideration.