• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06b
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• pp.153-156
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• 2010

휴대폰으로 영문을 입력하기 위해서는 일반적으로 멀티탭 (multitap) 방식을 사용한다. 멀티탭 방식은 원하는 알파벳을 입력하기 위해 키를 반복적으로 눌러줘야 한다. 본 논문은 키를 누르는 횟수를 줄일 수 있는 효율적인 키패드를 구한다. 기존의 멀티탭 기반의 휴대폰 키패드 설계와 자동 띄어쓰기 관련 연구를 조사한다. 그리고 자동 띄어쓰기 사용을 가정한 상태에서의 휴대폰 키패드를 설계하고 이를 비교한다. 키가 눌러진 총 횟수가 작을수록 효율적인 키패드인 것으로 평가했다. 알파벳 순서를 유지한 키패드 디자인과 유지하지 않은 디자인으로 나누고 8 ~ 12개의 키를 가지는 키패드에 대한 디자인을 각각 구했다. 평가를 위한 데이터로 실제 사용되는 영문 SMS 데이터를 구해 사용했다. 실험 결과 자동 띄어쓰기를 하지 않은 키패드보다 자동 띄어쓰기를 한 키패드의 성능이 약간 개선됨을 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Mobile devices provide various services through payment and authentication by inputting important information such as passwords on the screen with the virtual keypads. In order to infer the password inputted by the user, the attacker captures the user's touch location information. The attacker is able to infer the password by using the location information or to obtain password information by peeping with Google Glass or Shoulder Surfing Attack. As existing secure keypads place the same letters in a set order except for few keys, considering handy input, they are vulnerable to attacks from Google Glass and Shoulder Surfing Attack. Secure keypads are able to improve security by rearranging various shapes and locations. In this paper, we propose secure keypads that generates 13 different shapes and sizes of Tetris and arranges keypads to be attached one another. Since the keypad arranges different shapes and sizes like the game, Tetris, for the virtual keypad to be different, it is difficult to infer the inputted password because of changes in size even though the attacker knows the touch location information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.814-820
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• 2009

The arrangement of the general 12-button cellular phone keypad is unified with one or two kind. In general, the several alphabets are arranged in one key. When inputting an English, countries which do not speak English use multi-tap method. We can input next alphabet by pressing key repeatedly. We address the problem of finding multi-tap-based keypad designs which minimize the number of key presses for various case. Genetic algorithms is proposed method for optimal keypad designs. We are to maintain the number of keys, which is ranged from 8 to 12. We also show experimental using non-alphabetically-constrained and alphabetically-constrained arrangement, respectively. Finally, we give improved keypad designs.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

Due to the popularity of smartphones and the simplification of financial services, the number of mobile financial services is increasing. However, the security keypads developed for existing financial services are susceptible to probability analysis attacks and have security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose and implement a security keypad based on dual touch. Prior to the proposal, we examined the existing types of security keypads used in the mobile banking and mobile payment systems of Korean mobile financial businesses and analyzed the vulnerabilities. In addition, we compared the security of the proposed dual touch keypad as well as existing keypads using the authentication framework and the existing keypad attack types (Brute Force Attack, Smudge Attack, Key Logging Attack, and Shoulder Surfing Attack, Joseph Bonneau). Based on the results, we can confirm that the proposed security keypad with dual touch presented in this paper shows a high level of security. The security keypad with dual touch can provide more secure financial services, and it can be applied to other mobile services to enhance their security.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.144-151
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• 2020

User-authentication process is necessary in Fintech Service. Especially, authentication on smartphones are carried out through PIN which is inputted through virtual keypads on touch screen. Attacker can analogize password by watching touched letter and position over the shoulder or using high definition cameras. To prevent password spill, various research of virtual keypad techniques are ongoing. It is hard to design secure keypad which assures safety by fluctuative keypad and enhance convenience at once. Also, to reconfirm user whether password is wrongly pressed, the inputted information is shown on screen. This makes the password easily exposed through high definition cameras or Google Class during recording. This research analyzed QWERTY based secure keypad's merits and demerits. And through these features, creating Tetris shaped keypad and piece them together on Android environment, and showing inputted words as Tetris shape to users through smart-screen is suggested for the ways to prevent password spill by recording.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.12-18
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• 2011

Most smartphone use virtual keypads based on touch-pad. The virtual keypads often make typographical errors because of the physical limitations of device such as small screen and limited input methods. To resolve this problem, many similar word-finding methods have been studied. In the paper, we propose an edit distance method (a well-known string similarity measure) that is modified to consider various types of virtual keypads. The proposed method effectively covers typographical errors in various keypads by converting an input string into a physical key sequence and by reflecting characteristics of virtual keypads to edit scores. In the experiments with various keypads, the proposed method showed better performances than a typical edit distance method.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.38-45
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• 2022

Due to the development of fintech technology, financial transactions using smart phones are being activated. The password for user authentication during financial transactions is entered through the virtual keypad displayed on the screen of the smart phone. When the password is entered, the attacker can find out the password by capturing it with a high-resolution camera or spying over the shoulder. A virtual keypad with security applied to prevent such an attack is difficult to input on a small touch-screen, and there is still a vulnerability in peeping attacks. In this paper, the entire keypad is divided into several groups and displayed on a small screen, touching the group to which the character to be input belongs, and then touching the corresponding character within the group. The proposed method selects the group to which the character to be input belongs, and displays the keypad in the group on a small screen with no more than 10 keypads, so that the size of the keypad can be enlarged more than twice compared to the existing method, and the location is randomly placed, hence location of the touch attacks can be blocked.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.30-37
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• 2011

보안 키패드는 사용자가 스마트폰을 이용하여 금융 거래를 할 때 사용자가 입력한 패스워드의 터치 좌표가 노출되더라도 키 값을 유추할 수 없도록 한 보안 애플리케이션이다. 하지만, 현재 상용화된 보안 키패드는 좌표값 노출에 따른 키값 노출을 막기 어려우며, 특히 휴리스틱 분석이나 사전 공격(dictionary attack)등에 취약한 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 사용되는 보안 키패드의 취약점을 분석하고, 이러한 취약점을 해결하기 위한 몇 가지 개선 방안을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1152-1159
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• 2019

The Nintendo Switch(NSW), which appeared as an 8th generation console, has succeeded worldwide as a hybrid gaming console. The NSW has E-shop itself, users can sign in to their account and purchase games. The keypad built in the NSW is similar to QWERTY keyboard. In the password input field the input information is hidden, but it's possible to get the value entered from the keypad with shoulder surfing attack. Because of the NSW with many party or family games, there is a high probability that someone else is watching the screen nearby, which acts as a vulnerability in account security. Thus we designed the new keypad which improve from this issue. In this paper, we check the problem about the keypad which built in the NSW, we present the proposed keypad and the compared to the built in keypad by showing the test result of unspecified individuals use.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.613-621
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• 2019

In the case of door locks most widely used in the market, the most used area as a one-dimensional problem is worn out, and a worn area which does not use a special attack method enables password guessing. To solve this problem, various methods such as a keypad for randomly displaying numbers are introduced, but this is also not completely safe. The common feature of all the solutions so far is that the keypad area is fixed. In this paper, we consider that point in reverse and create a new area smaller than the entire area in the entire area of the keypad, making the keypad of the new area move randomly, thereby preventing the password from being deduced. When using this technique, a new type of keypad is proposed for the first time because of the impossibility of a shoulder surfing attack even though the number of keypad is left as it is.