• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.518-526
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• 2006

Nanoporous alumina film was fabricated by anodization of an aluminum sheet. Highly ordered nanowellstructured and nanonets-tructured metal films were fabricated by vacuum evaporation of several metals(Al, Sn, and Co) using the anodic nanoporous alumina film as a template. In this experiment, an anodic porous alumina film with the cell size of 100 nm and the pore diameter of 60 nm was used. The resistance heating method was adopted for evaporating a desired metal, and vapor deposition was carried out under the base pressure of torr. It was founded that whether the structure fabricated by vacuum evaporation is nanowell or nanonet is dependent on the amount of deposited material. When an anodic porous alumina film with the cell size of 100 nm and the pore diameter of 60 nm was used, a nanowell-structured film was fabricated when a sufficient amount of metal was suppled to cover the surface pores. On the other hand, nanonet-structured film was fabricated bellow a half the amount of metal required for nanowell-structured film.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.981-987
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• 2014

DC/DC switching power converters are commonly used to generate a regulated DC output voltage with high efficiency. The DC/DC converter is composed of a MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), a PWM-IC (pulse width modulation-integrated circuit) controller, inductor, capacitor, etc. It is shown that the variation of threshold voltage and the breakdown voltage in the electrical characteristics of MOSFET occurs by radiation effects in TID (Total Ionizing Dose) testing at the low energy ${\gamma}$ rays using $^{60}Co$, and 5 heavy ions make the gate of MOSFET broken in SEGR (Single Event Gate Rupture) testing. TID testing on MOSFET is accomplished up to the total dose of 40 krad, and the cross section($cm^2$) versus LET(MeV/mg/$cm^2$) in the MOSFET operation is studied at SEGR testing after implementation of the controller board.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

DC/DC switching power converters are commonly used to generate a regulated DC output voltage with high efficiency. The advanced DC/DC converter uses a PWM-IC with OP-Amp. (Operational Amplifier) to control a MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), which is a switching component, efficiently. In this paper, it is shown that the electrical characteristics of OP-Amp. are affected by radiations of ${\gamma}$ rays using $^{60}Co$ for TID (Total Ionizing Dose) testing and 5 heavy ions for SEL (Single Event Latch-up) testing. TID testing on OP-Amp. is accomplished up to the total dose of 30 krad, and the cross section($cm^2$) versus LET($MeV/mg/cm^2$) in the OP-Amp. operation is evaluated SEL testing after implementation of the controller board.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.87-107
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• 1993

The grain size of the final products of WC-Co and WC-Ni composite powders is dependent on the size of the starting material and the conditions employed for the reduction and carburization. APT-Co and -Ni com-plex salts were prepared by the substitution reaction between ammonium ions in APT and the metal ions in Co(NO3)2 and Ni(NO3)2 solutions of different concentrations(0.1 to 0.7M) at $50^{\circ}C$ and the grain sizes of the com-plex salts was $0.54~0.76\mu\textrm{m}$. The complex which calcined the complex salts at $700^{\circ}$~80$0^{\circ}C$ for 60min. were 0.2~0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$. W-Co($5.92^{\circ}C$) and -Ni(6.95%) powders which reduced the complex oxides with H2d atmo-sphere(flow rate;600cc/min.) at $700^{\circ}$~$800^{\circ}C$ for 60min. were $0.5~0.6\mu\textrm{m}$. The mean grain sizes of WC-Co and WC-Ni composite powders which carburized both complex metals of W-Co and W-Ni at $800^{\circ}C$ for 60min. were $0.5~0.6\mu\textrm{m}$, and take place the coarsening of the grain above $800^{\circ}C$ and the optmium ratio of C3H8 and H2 was 0.2 for the control of the free carbon. The effect of Co contents on the particle sizes decreased from 0.4 to $0.25\mu\textrm{m}$ with increasing the content from 2.0 to 7.6w%. The activation energies on the reductions of oxides and the formations of carbides were as follows ; W-Co : Q = 8.7 kcal/mole, W-Ni : Q = 8.1 kcal/mole, WC-Co pow-der : Q = 17.8 kcal/mole, WC-Ni powder : Q = 16.6 kcal/mole.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 2012

A small water phantom (dual-window phantom) was developed to improve the output measurement efficiency of medical linacs. This phantom is suitable for determining the quality index and output dose for high-energy photon beams. The phantom has two opposite windows and two independently rotating axes. The two axes measure the tissue phantom ratio (TPR) and the percentage depth dose (PDD) simply without requiring chamber movement by rotating the phantom around its axis. High-energy photon beams from a Co-60 irradiator and a medical linac were used to evaluate the phantom. The measured quality index is in good agreement with the reference values; the measured and reference values are within 0.2% of each other for the Co-60 gamma rays and within 1.4% for 6 and 10 MV X-rays. This phantom is more practical for routine output measurements, resulting in the prevention of potential human errors.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.711-716
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• 2003

Gate length, height, and silicide thickness have all been shrinking linearly as device density has progressively increased over the years. We investigated the effect of the cobalt diffusion during the silicide formation process on the 60$\AA$-thick gate oxide lying underneath the Ti/Co and Co/Ti bilayers. We prepared four different cobalt silicides, which have similar sheet resistance, made from the film structure of Co/Ti(interlayer), and Ti(capping layer)/Co, and peformed the current-voltage, time-to-break down, and capacitance-voltage measurements. Our result revealed that the cobalt silicide process without the Ti capping layer allowed cobalt atoms to diffuse into the upper interface of gate oxides. We propose that 100$\AA$-thick titanium interlayer may lessen the diffusion of cobalt to gate oxides in 1500-$\AA$ height polysilicon gates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.145-150
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• 1996

약 30$0^{\circ}C$, 160 kg/$cm^2$의 원자로냉각재계통에서 사용이 가능한 $^{60}$Co 제거용 고온흡착제를 얻기 위하여, ZrO$_2$를 zirconyl nitrate를 출발물질로 하여 졸-겔법으로, aluminum isopropoxide를 출발 물질로 하여 A1$_2$O$_3$를, aluminum isopropoxide와 titanium tetraisopropoxide를 출발물질로하여 TiO$_2$-A1$_2$O$_3$를, aluminum isopropoxide와 zirconium propoxide를 출발물질로 하여 ZrO$_2$-A1$_2$O$_3$를 금속알콕사이드 가수분해법으로 제조하였다. 제조한 흡착제는 600~140$0^{\circ}C$의 온도로 하소 하였으며, 결정전이, 열적특성, 비표면적 등의 물성변화를 알아보기 위하여 X선회절, 적외선분광분석, 열분석, 전자현미경 관찰, BET 비표면적 등을 측정하였다. 또한, 고온수에서 이들 흡착제의 Co$^{2＋}$ 흡착특성을 autoclave를 이용한 회분식 흡착실험으로 알아보았다. 이들 흡착제 제조시 하소온도에 따른 Co$^{2＋}$ 흡착량, $Al_2$O$_3$ 흡착제 제조시 pH 변화에 따른 Co$^{2＋}$ 흡착량과 TiO$_2$-A1$_2$O$_3$ 흡착제 제조시 TiO$_2$ 함량에 따른 Co$^{2＋}$ 흡착량과 25$0^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 ZrO$_2$와 $Al_2$O$_3$의 표면에 생성된 코발트 화합물을 XPS와 EPMA로 부터 확인하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 1999

Corrosion of the disk has been an ongoing concern for the manufacturers of hard disk drives. With the advent of magnetoresistive (MR) head, very low levels of corrosion and contamination become more critical since the raised defects and corrosion products on the disk surface-anything that heats the MR sensor due to the contact-can distort the output signal of the head. This phenomenon is called as thermal asperity. In this paper, the effect of corrosion as a form of Co migration on the occurrence of thermal asperity in MR drives was investigated. The corrosion test at high temperature (60$^{\circ}C$) and high relative humidity (80%) was emphasized in this study and the testing results at ambient condition were compared. The corrosion on the disks was characterized as the amount of Co ion migration using an ion chromatography (IC) and a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). It is proved that corrosion on the disk surface after storage testing is closely correlated to the amount of Co ions migration from the magnetic layer to disk surfaces and higher Co migration causes more thermal asperities in the drive. In order to reduce Co migration, several methods such as burnishing process and structure of the carbon overcoat were investigated. It is found that the hydrogenated carbon overcoat shows the least Co migration among different types of overcoat layer. However, the most effective way to reduce Co migration is the application of Cr layer between the overcoat and the magnetic alloy layer.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Purpose: In this study, the marginal fitness of ceramic Co-Cr metal crown made by precision casting, milling, and selective laser melting method were compared. Methods: The ceramic Co-Cr metal crown manufactured by precision casting used the lost wax(LC specimen) method. The abutment were scanned and then made by milling(CM specimen), selective laser melting(CS specimen) method. The specimen were cut bucco-lingual and mesio-distal, and absolute marginal discrepancy and marginal gap were measured using a digital microscope. The surface roughness of the crown was also observed. Results: On the bucco-lingual axial, absolute marginal discrepancy was the LC specimen $31.72({\pm}4.58){\mu}m$, the CM specimen $78.29({\pm}3.28){\mu}m$ and the CS specimen $143.13({\pm}3.83){\mu}m$, respectively. On the bucco-lingual axial, marginal gap was the LC specimen $22.70({\pm}1.46){\mu}m$, the CM specimen $22.70({\pm}1.49){\mu}m$ and CS specimen $99.60({\pm}1.57){\mu}m$, respectively. Conclusion: For ceramic Co-Cr metal crowns, LC specimen was superior for absolute marginal discrepancy and marginal gap. The surface of metal crowns by selective laser melting were the roughest.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 2016

NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method for the application to ethanol gas sensor. They were composited with $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles to improve the sensitivity to ethanol gas. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized NiO nanoparticles were plate-shaped with the approximate size and thickness of 60 - 120 nm and 20 nm, respectively. On the other hand, $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles mixed with NiO was observed to be spherical with the size range of 30 - 50 nm. The sensitivities of NiO sensors composited with $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles at an optimal ratio of 8 : 2 were enhanced to approximately 1.44 - 1.79 times as high as those of as-synthesized NiO sensors for the ethanol concentration of 10 - 200 ppm at $200^{\circ}C$. The mechanism of the improved ethanol gas sensing of the NiO sensors composited with $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles was discussed.