• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-172
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• 2024

Autonomous driving technology, when commercialized, has the potential to improve the safety, mobility, and environmental performance of transportation networks. However, safe autonomous driving may be hindered by poor sensor performance and limitations in long-distance detection. Therefore, cooperative autonomous driving that can supplement information collected from surrounding vehicles and infrastructure is essential. In addition, since HDVs, AVs, and CAVs have different ranges of perceivable information and different response protocols, countermeasures are needed for mixed traffic that occur during the transition period of autonomous driving technology. There is a lack of research on traffic flow optimization that considers the penetration rate of autonomous vehicles and the different characteristics of each road segment. The objective of this study is to develop weights based on safety, operational, and environmental factors for each infrastructure control use case and autonomous vehicle MPR. To develop an integrated evaluation index, infra-guidance AHP and hybrid AHP weights were combined. Based on the results of this study, it can be used to give right of way to each vehicle to optimize mixed traffic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.379-394
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• 2020

Purpose To design a scoring system to predict malignancy of additional MRI-detected lesions in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods Eighty-six lesions (64 benign and 22 malignant) detected on preoperative MRI of 68 breast cancer patients were retrospectively included. The clinico-radiologic features were correlated with the histopathologic results using the Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis. The scoring system was designed based on the significant predictive features of malignancy, and its diagnostic performance was compared with that of the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category. Results Lesion size ≥ 8 mm (p < 0.001), location in the same quadrant as the primary cancer (p = 0.005), delayed plateau kinetics (p = 0.010), T2 isointense (p = 0.034) and hypointense (p = 0.024) signals, and irregular mass shape (p = 0.028) were associated with malignancy. In comparison with the BI-RADS category, the scoring system based on these features with suspicious non-mass internal enhancement increased the diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.918 vs. 0.727) and detected three false-negative cases. With this scoring system, 22 second-look ultrasound examinations (22/66, 33.3%) could have been avoided. Conclusion The scoring system based on the lesion size, location relative to the primary cancer, delayed kinetic features, T2 signal intensity, mass shape, and non-mass internal enhancement can provide a more accurate approach to evaluate MRI-detected lesions in breast cancer patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2024

Removable partial denture wearers are exposed to the risks that remaining teeth get damaged by caries, attritions, erosion, and fracture. In the case of damaged abutment tooth which should fit to Removable partial denture (RPD), the fabrication of surveyed crown is followed by the making of RPD. However, making new denture takes a long time, and needs several processes and costs. Also, patients should get used to new denture. If other abutment teeth and edentulous ridges provide the existing denture with support, retention, and stability, use of existing denture is considered clinically acceptable. In this situation, fabricating retrofit crowns to an existing removable partial denture makes patient use existing denture, cuts costs, and reduces discomfort. In this case, severely worn teeth were restored using monolithic zirconia crown which fit to an existing removable partial denture by CAD-CAM. Moreover, support, retention, and stability of the denture were improved, and both doctor and patient were satisfied with the result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.403-409
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• 2016

MRI scan is a useful method in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal excellent contrast of the organization. Depending on the patient's musculoskeletal examinations state the type of aids provided the aid is used there is also challenging as well as the costs do not vary. This study was produced by the use of 3D printing technology, an MRI aids. Aids in the production process, then through 3D modeling and then convert stl files using (3D MAX.2014, Fusion360) slicing programs (Cubicreater 2.1ver., Cura 15.4ver) converted to G-code printed on the FDM scheme (Cubicon Style, output was MICRO MAKE). Output is, but in the FDM to evaluate the SNR on the MRI images were compared to the test is the case before use, and then to produce a Water Phantom case of a PLA, ABS, a TPU thickness 3mm, using aids before, It was evaluated in a clinical image after qualitatively. Obtaining an image of SNR Warter Phantom appeared to have been evaluated as T1 NON $123.778{\pm}28.492$, PLA $123.522{\pm}28.373$, ABS $124.461{\pm}25.716$, TPU $124.843{\pm}27.272$. T2 NON $127.421{\pm}26.949$, was rated as PLA $124.501{\pm}27.768$, ABS $128.663{\pm}26.549$, TPU $130.171{\pm}25.998$. The results did not show statistically significant differences. The use of assistive devices before and after images Clinical evaluation method palliative $3.20{\pm}0.88$, $3.95{\pm}0.76$ after using the aids used to aid improved the quality of the image. Production of the auxiliary mechanism using a future 3D printing is expected are thought to be used clinically, it can be an aid making safe and comfortable than the inspection of the patient is an alternative to improve the problems of the aids used in the conventional do.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.128-160
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• 2009

Narratively I have described interactions between two teachers performing an introduction to the engineering class with various situations such as place, teacher, student and subject. I have specifically illuminated a three-dimensional narrative inquiry space embracing the culture of the university, the college of engineering and the ABEEK(Accreditation Board of Engineering Education of Korea)program. The result of the study is as follows: First, in order to stimulate the students' motivation, the teachers have to make not only their class PowerPoint slides match the size of the classroom, but the content of the slides must be condensed with core concepts. They also should utilized some video clips to empower students' interest in the subject within their classrooms. Second, the teachers should do various class activities in the classroom. Instead of spending most of the class time with his/her explanation, it would be advantageous for the teachers to allow the students to perform a task in class. Third, the teachers should ask their students about assignments which are helping students' understanding of the subject and planning of their future. Lastly, the teachers need to design the mid-term and the final tests inducing the students' motivation. Those tests also must test students' creativity and insight of the subject. Thus, the test should consist of an interpretive exercise and an essay type of item thus reducing the multiple choice types of items. There are several limitations to the study. First it is difficult to generalize what we found here because it is a case study. Second, we could not study in depth the effect of the interaction between the two teachers who were performing the introduction to the engineering course during the academic semester. Third, this study just probed into the difficulties of teaching the course. Hence, we have to understand more by focusing on each issue such as adapting to a new learning environment as a student from abroad, a practical experience boosting the students' interest in the introduction to the engineering course, also a practical experience on process based learning-versus result based learning, and an effective management of the student team presentation etc.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated color stability of Dentca 3D-printed denture teeth, in comparison to color stabilities of four conventional types of denture teeth, upon being immersed in various colorants. Materials and methods: Four types of conventional prefabricated denture teeth (Surpass, GC, Artic 6, Heraeus Kulzer, Premium 6, Heraeus Kulzer, Preference, Candulor), 3D-printed denture teeth (Dentca); and Z250 (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) were prepared for testing. The samples were immersed in erythrosine 3%, coffee, cola, and distilled water (DW) at 37℃. Color change (ΔE) was measured by spectrophotometer before immersion and at 7, 14, and 21 days after immersion. One-way analysis of variance was performed along with Tukey's honestly significant difference multiple comparisons test (P<.05). Results: No great difference was observed between the color change of Dentca denture teeth and that of conventional denture teeth in most cases (P>.05). The color change of Dentca denture teeth immersed in erythrosine 3% was greater than that of Surpass (ΔE = 0.67 ± 0.25) after 1 week; Artic 6 (ΔE = 1.44 ± 0.38) and Premium 6 (ΔE = 1.69 ± 0.35) after 2 weeks; and Surpass (ΔE = 1.79 ± 0.49), Artic 6 (ΔE = 2.07 ± 0.21), Premium 6 (ΔE = 2.03 ± 0.75), and Preference (ΔE = 2.01 ± 0.75) after 3 weeks (P<.05). Conclusion: A color change was observed in Dentca denture teeth when immersed in some colorants; however, the maximum value of ΔE for Dentca denture teeth was within the clinically acceptable range.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2003

In vivo $^1$H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 4.7 T was applied to investigate the cerebral metabolite changes of mice brain before and after experimental brain trauma. In vivo $^1$H MR spectra were acquired from a voxel covering right parietal cortex in normal brain, used as control subjects. After experimental brain trauma using the fluid percussion injury (FPI) method, $^1$H MR spectra were acquired from the same lesion three days after trauma. Metabolite ratios of the injured lesion were compared to those of controls. After trauma, N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio, as a neuronal marker was decreased significantly versus controls, indicating neuronal loss. The ratio of NAA/Cr in traumatic brain contusion was 0.90$\pm$0.11, while that in normal control subjects was 1.13$\pm$0.12 (P=0.001). Choline (Cho)/Cr ratio had a tendency to rise in experimental brain contusion (P=0.02). Cho/Cr ratio after trauma was 0.91$\pm$0.17 while that before traumas was 0.76$\pm$0.15. Cho/Cr ratio was increased and this might indicate a inflammatory activity. However, no significant difference of [(glutamate＋glutamine) (Glx)]/Cr was established between experimental traumatic brain injury models and normal controls. Lactate (Lac)/Cr ratio was appeared as a sign of shifted posttraumatic energy metabolism and increased versus controls. These findings strongly suggest that in vivo $^1$H MRS may be a useful modality for clinical evaluation of traumatic contusion and could aid in better understanding the neuropathologic process of traumatic contusion induced by FPI. In the present study, in vivo $^1$H MRS was proved to be a useful non-invasive method for in vivo diagnosis and monitoring of posttraumatic metabolism in models of brain contusion.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2013

The position of the internal organs can change continually and periodically inside the body due to the respiration. To reduce the respiration induced uncertainty of dose localization, one can use a respiratory gated radiotherapy where a radiation beam is exposed during the specific time of period. The main disadvantage of this method is that it usually requests a long treatment time, the massive effort during the treatment and the limitation of the patient selection. In this sense, the combination of the real-time position management (RPM) system and the volumetric intensity modulated radiotherapy (RapidArc) is promising since it provides a short treatment time compared with the conventional respiratory gated treatments. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of the respiratory gated RapidArc treatment. Total sic patient cases were used for this study and each case was planned by RapidArc technique using varian ECLIPSE v8.6 planning machine. For the Quality Assurance (QA), a MatriXX detector and I'mRT software were used. The results show that more than 97% of area gives the gamma value less than one with 3% dose and 3 mm distance to agreement condition, which indicates the measured dose is well matched with the treatment plan's dose distribution for the gated RapidArc treatment cases.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.611-631
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• 2017

At first there was practice, then festivals and theory followed. Compared to the animation production, which is older then the medium film itself, festivals and theory in this area started with a delay. While animation programs where shown in film festivals like Cannes since the mid 1940s, the first animation festival in Annecy, France was founded in 1960, followed by several short-lived events in Romania, Italy and Tokyo and finally in 1972 by the second oldest festival up to date, Animafest Zagreb. Animation theory evolved in the late 1980s in the Anglo-American area with associations like the Society for Animation Studies, following its 'big sister' film studies. Expanding ever since as a research area, European animation studies in e.g. France, German speaking countries, Poland or Croatia have been catching up in recent years by organizing theoretical conferences and publications. A vivid synergy between practice, festivals and theory has always been a key factor for establishing a platform for the art form and culture of animation. However, in the past few years a trend could be observed towards a more intense interaction between animation festivals and theory. Animation festivals are hosting theoretical and scientific symposia or conferences, which are open for artist positions and insights into the industry. At the beginning of the lecture a short reflection of the concept of Animafest Scanner itself is followed by an introduction of the Symposium Expanded Animation at the media festival Ars Electronica Linz. The talk will subsequently focus on the multilayered academic symposia at the Festival of Animated Film ITFS and the International Conference on Animation, Effects, VR, Games and Transmedia in Stuttgart. These case studies will reveal the blurring boundaries between art, science, theory and industry as well as the specificities of the interplay between artists, practitioners, scholars, curators and festival visitors in different formats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Fifty-four dogs with otitis externa were enrolled in the study for the Evaluation of efficacy of a Hydrocortisone aceponate - Gentamicin - Miconazole otic combination ($Easotic^{(R)}$, Virbac, Carros, France). Otitis externa patients were treated by $Easotic^{(R)}$ once daily for 5 days and 2 days off treatment and evaluated on $7^{th}$ day. If otitis externa persisted, additional $Easotic^{(R)}$ treatment was administered once daily for 5 days and rested 2 days and reevaluated on $14^{th}$ day. For the evaluation of efficacy of $Easotic^{(R)}$, eight clinical signs were scored on a severity scale and infectious agents from ear sample were also graded using semi-quantitative scale at each visit. Sum of clinical scores and cytological scores was defined as Global Clinical Score. When $Easotic^{(R)}$ was applied once daily for 5 days, global clinical score was reduced 76.0%. When $Easotic^{(R)}$ was administered for 10 days, during first 5 days administration, 46.6% reduction of global clinical score was detected. During additional 5 days administration, 82.2% reduction of global clinical score was observed compared with Day 0. Any relevant adverse effect was not reported during the study in all cases. Thus, $Easotic^{(R)}$ treatment once daily for 5 days and 10 days appears to be effective and safe treatment for canine otitis externa.