• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.141-152
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• 2005

A new emotion-based image retrieval method is proposed in this paper. Query emotion descriptors called query color code and query gray code are designed based on the human evaluation on 13 emotions('like', 'beautiful', 'natural', 'dynamic', 'warm', 'gay', 'cheerful', 'unstable', 'light' 'strong', 'gaudy' 'hard', 'heavy') when 30 random patterns with different color, intensity, and dot sizes are presented. For emotion image retrieval, once a query emotion is selected, associated query color code and query gray code are selected. Next, DB color code and DB gray code that capture color and, intensify and dot size are extracted in each database image and a matching process between two color codes and between two gray codes are peformed to retrieve relevant emotion images. Also, a new relevance feedback method is proposed. The method incorporates human intention in the retrieval process by dynamically updating weights of the query and DB color codes and weights of an intra query color code. For the experiments over 450 images, the number of positive images was higher than that of negative images at the initial query and increased according to the relevance feedback.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2004

Compared to the barcode which is being widely employed to store information on products, the color code may find more various applications because of its favorable appearance and larger possible number of combinations. However, the color values read in practice may suffer from distortions from environments and devices. In this paper, we propose efficient ways to reduce the effect of such distortions and to detect color codes. for which we apply the Right Hand on Wall (RHOW) algorithm originated from the area of the maze search. The color codes used in this paper have high values of Hue and Saturation components and have a circular shape. We first preprocessed the images to detect candidate areas of color codes, and then applied the RHOW algorithm to determine optimal coordinates of rectangles enclosing the areas. As a result, we could obtain accurate coordinates of color codes by using the RHOW algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.150-159
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• 2005

With the increase of interest in ubiquitous computing, image code is attracting attention in various areas. Image code is important in ubiquitous computing in that it can complement or replace RFID (radio frequency identification) in quite a few areas as well as it is more economical. However, because of the difficulty in reading precise colors due to the severe distortion of colors, its application is quite restricted by far. In this paper, we present an efficient method of image code recognition including automatically locating the image code using the hue and saturation values. In our experiments, we use an image code whose design seems most practical among currently commercialized ones. This image code uses six safe colors, i.e., R, G, B, C, M, and Y. We tested for 72 true-color field images with the size of $2464{\times}1632$ pixels. With the color calibration based on the histogram, the localization accuracy was about 96%, and the accuracy of color classification for localized codes was about 91.28%. It took approximately 5 seconds to locate and recognize the image code on a PC with 2 GHz P4 CPU.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1100-1105
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• 2006

Severe distortions of colors in the obtained images have made it difficult for color codes to expand their applications. To reduce the effect of color distortions on reading colors, it will be more desirable to statistically process as many pixels in the individual color region as possible, than relying on some regularly sampled pixels. This process may require segmentation, which usually requires edge detection. However, edges in color codes can be disconnected due tovarious distortions such as zipper effect and reflection, to name a few, making segmentation incomplete. Edge linking is also a difficult process. In this paper, a more efficient approach to reducing the effect of color distortions on reading colors, one that excludes precise edge detection for segmentation, was obtained by employing the k-means clustering algorithm. And, in detecting color codes, the properties of both six safe colors and grays were utilized. Experiments were conducted on 144, 4M-pixel, outdoor images. The proposed method resulted in a color-code detection rate of 100% fur the test images, and an average color-reading accuracy of over 99% for the detected codes, while the highest accuracy that could be achieved with an approach employing Canny edge detection was 91.28%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.398-400
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 저항 생산 과정에서 실제저항값과 칼라 코드값이 잘못 표기되는 경우에 이를 검사.인식하는 시스템에 이용할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 알고리즘에서는 칼라 영상에서의 효과적인 경계선 추출 방법과 칼라 영상의 명암도 변화 차이를 이용한 저항의 칼라 코드 영역 추출법, 그리고 역전파 알고리즘을 이용한 칼라 코드 판별법이 제시된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.561-563
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• 2003

Ubiquitous computing 환경에서 휴대용 단말기는 중요한 위치를 차지하고 새로운 Interface와의 연결을 통해 다양한 어플리케이션이 생성하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 휴대용 단말기와 칼라코드 인터페이스를 이용하여서 새로운 형태의 온-오프라인 통합 상거래 서비스 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 휴대용 단말기를 이용해서 오프라인 쇼핑의 눈으로 볼 수 있다는 정과 온라인 쇼핑의 장바구니 기능과 검색기능을 합친 새로운 형태의 쇼핑을 지원하는 시스템이다. 사용자는 물건의 칼라코드를 인식함으로써 물건의 내역을 입력받고 전자 결제를 사용함으로써 손쉽게 결제할 수 있는 장점을 얻게 되고 대형마켓에서는 인력 절감과 편리한 서비스를 제공한다는 장점이 있다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2022

Currently, the black-white QR (Quick Response) codes have been used widely in consumer advertising fields and the study of color QR codes have received a growing demand because of much higher data encoding capacity. Color QR codes can be reproduced by the printing and scanning processes, however, these encounter colors distortion caused by insufficient lighting, low resolution of camera and geometric deformation during the capturing processes. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes an efficient decoding algorithm for color QR codes with inserted patterns, which are dealt with conventional studies. These are evaluated in view of the recognition rate under different noise conditions, for example, Gaussian noises/blurring and geometric deformation. Experimental results demonstrate that the color QR codes with simple pattern can resist the distortion of Gaussian noises/blurrings.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

This study was to develop and apply the avatar art activity as a career search program to find out the possibility of oneself based on self-understanding and to find out the value of work. Furthermore, this study has suggested the effect obtained by appreciating their own business card and images in the use of color code media. Art program has been conducted for five sessions in 'past tense' 'present tense' and 'future tense' on first graders in Middle School. As a result education effect obtained from the art program for career exploration in manufacturing Avatar is as follows. First, there was an effect as to how students ended up knowing their inner strength through mind-map realizing their characteristics and personal interest. Secondly, Avatar was manufactured by enhancing an understanding about them through self-exploration. Third, students appreciated their 'business card' and 'video clip' by using color code media building self-leading attitude in realizing career design.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2019

Currently, due to the widespread use of a smartphone, QR codes allow users to access a variety of added services. However, the QR codes posted on curved surfaces tend to be non-uniformly illuminated and bring about the decline of recognition rate. So, in this paper, the block-adaptive binarization policy is adopted to find an optimal threshold appropriate for bimodal image like QR codes. For a large block, its histogram distribution is found to get an initial threshold and then the block is partitioned to reflect the local characteristics of small blocks. Also, morphological operation is applied to their neighboring boundary at the discontinuous at the QR code junction. This paper proposes an authentication method based on the color code, uniquely painted within QR code. Through a variety of practical experiments, it is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional method in detecting QR code and also maintains good recognition rate up to 40 degrees on curved surfaces.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

To reduce the effect of color distortions on reading colors, it is more desirable to statistically process as many pixels in the individual color region as possible. This process may require segmentation, which usually requires edge detection. However, edges in color codes can be disconnected due to various distortions such as dark current, color cross, zipper effect, shade and reflection, to name a few. Edge linking is also a difficult process. In this paper, k-means clustering was performed on the images where edge detectors failed segmentation. Experiments were conducted on 311 images taken in different environments with different cameras. The primary and secondary colors were randomly selected for each color code region. While segmentation rate by edge detectors was 89.4%, the proposed method increased it to 99.4%. Color recognition was performed based on hue, a*, and b* components, with the accuracy of 100% for the successfully segmented cases.