• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2010

In order to elucidate residual characteristics of pesticides in garlic by drying, azoxystrobin and flutolanil used for garlic were treated to the garlic by dipping for 1 and 5 min into their standard diluents and then the garlic was dried with a freeze-drier. The test pesticides were analyzed with a GLC-ECD/NPD. Recoveries of the pesticides ranged from 81.96 to 98.18%. Amount of azoxystrobin and flutolanil in fresh garlic were 0.34 and 1.18 mg/kg in case of dipping for 1 min. and 0.44 and 2.15 mg/kg in case of dipping for 5 min., respectively. Also, amount of azoxystrobin and flutolanil in dried garlic were 0.80 and 4.51 mg/kg in case of dipping for 1 min. and 1.03, 5.28 mg/kg in case of dipping for 5 minute, respectively, representing that concentration of the test pesticides in garlic were increased by drying. In case of dipping for 1 and 5 min., processing factors of azoxystrobin were 2.35 and 3.34 and those of flutolanil were 1.19 and 1.17, respectively. Reduction factors of the pesticides in garlic were range from 0.94 to 0.97, indicating that few amounts of the test pesticides in garlic were dissipated by freeze-drying.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

This paper presents an investigation of the mechanical properties on non-sintered cement pastes immersed in sea waters at three different temperatures. The non-sintered cement pastes were synthesized using blended binder(Class F fly ash; FA and ground granulated blast furnace slag; GGBFS) and alkali activator(sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate). Binders were prepared by mixing the FA and GGBFS in different blend weight ratios of 6:4, 7:3 and 8:2. The alkali activators were used 5wt% of blended binder, respectively. Calcium carbonate was used as an chemical additive. The compressive strength, bulk density and absorption of alkali-activated FA-GGBFS blends pastes were measured at 3 and 28 days after immersed in sea waters at three different temperatures($5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$). The XRD and SEM tests of the pastes were conducted at 28 days. Water-soluble chloride(free chloride) and acid-soluble chloride(total chloride) contents in the pastes were also measured after 28 days immersion in sea water. The experimental results showed that increasing the content of FA in alkali-activated FA-GGBFS blends pastes immersed in sea water increases the absorption, water-soluble chloride content and acid-soluble chloride content, and reduces the compressive strength and bulk density. And it was found that there was a variation of strength change for the alkali-activated FA-GGBFS blends pastes immersed in sea waters at three different temperatures that depends on the blending ratio of FA and GGBFS.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effects of prolonged immersion vaccination in a dilute vaccine on the farmed olive flounder, Pararlichthys olivaceus. Juvenile olive flounders were immersed in the several diluted ($10^0$, $10^{-1}$, $10^{-2}$ and $10^{-3}$) commercial edwardsiellosis bacterins (5㎎/ℓ) for 2min (short immersion, SI) and 24 h (prolonged immersion, PI). After immunization, fish were analyzed to investigate on non-specific (serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity), specific immune responses (antibody agglutinin titer) and resistances against Edwardsiella tarda infection. The PI of the commercial vaccine diluted with $10^{-1}$ and $10^{-2}$ showed better results over the untreated control in terms of serum lysozyme, bactericidal activities and resistance against E. tarda infection. These results suggest that the prolonged treatments of the diluted vaccine might be a new approach improving the vaccination potential.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.790-795
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• 1995

합금 600의 대체 재료인 합금 690의 부식 저항성 향상을 위해 스테인리스강 등에서 내식성을 현저히 개선시켜 주는 합금 원소로 알려져 있는 Mo을 첨가하여 TT 열처리를 한 후 부식 특성과 TEM관찰을 행하여 미세 조직의 영향에 대하여 고찰하고자 하였다. TT 처리 시간이 길어짐에 따라 보다 많은 석출물들이 입계에 생성되었으며, Mo을 첨가함에 따라 입계에 탄화물 석출이 지연되었다. 양극 분극 시험, 침지시험, EPR 시험, Huey 시험 결과 소둔재에 비해 TT 처리재의 경우 내식성의 저하는 업었으며 오히려 개선되는 특성을 보였다. 또한 Mo의 함량이 증가함에 따라 탄화물 석출에 걸리는 시간이 길어져 3%의 Mo이 첨가된 합금 690 M2의 경우 예민화 현상은 15시간 TT 처리에서 관찰되었다. 응력 부식 균열 시험 결과 소둔재에 비해 TT 처리재의 응력 부식 균열 저항성이 증가하였으며 Mo의 함량이 증가함에 따라 대체적으로 응력 부식 균열 저항성도 개선되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05b
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• pp.591-596
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• 1995

핵융합로 제1벽재로서 주목받고 있는 저방사화 Cr-Mn-W계 오스테나이트 스테인리스강에 소량의 V을 첨가하고 그 기본 조성에 시그마상의 생성억제와 합금의 고온강도 향상에 효과가 있는 질소함량을 변화시켜 미세 조직 특성 및 부식 저항성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 질소함량의 변화에 의한 영향과 더불어 소둔열처리 온도의 영향도 살펴보았다. 부식저항성 평가를 위해서는 양극분극시험, 침지시험, Huey시험을 행하였으며, 기계적 성질 평가를 위해서는 경도시험 및 인장 시험을 행하였다 그 결과 질소량이 증가할수록 오스테나이트상이 안정화되어 그 양이 증가하며 고용강화에 의해 경도치도 함께 증가함을 알 수 있었다 경도치는 또한 소둔온도가 증가함에 의해 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 소둔온도가 증가할수록 페라이트량이 증가함을 확인하였다. 부식저항성은 질소량이 증가할수록 소둔온도가 증가할수록 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.973-976
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• 2008

Recently, it is increasingly reported that the deterioration of concrete structure under marine environments is due to diffusion and penetration of chloride ions. It is very important to estimate the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in concrete. Estimation methods of chloride diffusivity by concentration difference is time-consuming. Therefore, chloride diffusivity of concrete is mainly conducted by electrically accelerated method, which is accelerating the movement of chloride ion by potential difference. However, there has not been any proper method for field quality control to closely determine the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion through accelerated tests using potential difference. In this paper, the various test methods for determination of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete were investigated through comparison accelerated tests. From the results of estimated diffusion coefficient of chloride ion, relationship between the ponding test and acceleration test was examined.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2011

As the result of implementing a treated material test and durability test after quickly drying S.P.F. species, a type of softwood structural material, within a short period time, soaking it in liquid phosphate flame proof agent for an hour, microwave heating it, and compressing it from 3.8cm to 1cm, when setting the appropriate heating time of microwave heating at 7 minutes at 5kW, it is observed that it satisfies the target water content (4~5%). It is shown that in a water content measurement of the wood that is compressed after being softened by soaking in the flame proof agent, drying and heating at 3kW for 9 minutes, all specimens satisfied 12~14%, the appropriate water content for exterior wood. Also, it is shown that in terms of the flame performance obtained through a flame resistance treatment of the compressed wood and a treated material test, the specimen soaked in flame proof agent for 30 minutes was the most excellent, and that the performance test result of the compressed wood in all areas, such as nail withdrawal resistance, compression, bending strength, and shearing strength, were all improved in their mechanical features to twice to three times better performances.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.868-875
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• 2015

In order to replace existing slit type steel plate on the wooden structure joint, the FRP-reinforced laminated plates were produced. Four types of FRP-reinforced laminated plates were produced according to the type of reinforcement and adhesive, and before applying to the joint, the adhesion performance test according to KSF 3021 and KSF 2160 and the Compact Tension (CT) type fracture toughness test specified in ASTM D5045-99 were carried out. As a result of adhesion performance test, all GFRP textile, GFRP sheet, and GFRP Textile-Sheet type FRP-reinforced laminated plates satisfied the requirement of soaking delamination percentage with smaller than 5% based on KS standard. However, aramid type specimen satisfied the standard as the soaking delamination percentage of 4.8% but it did not satisfied the standard as the water proof soaking delamination percentage of 70%. As a result of fracture toughness test, the volume ratio of reinforcement to timber became 23% so that the strength of FRP-reinforced laminated plates increased by two to four times in comparison to the control specimen. It was confirmed that the GFRP Textile-Sheet type specimen was most resistant to the fracture most since the ratio of stress intensity factor compared with that of the control increased to 61% owing to the parallel arrangement of glass fiber to the load. As a result of tensile shear strength test using FRP-reinforced laminated plates and nonmetal dowels, it is about 12% lower than metal connectors.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2010

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of injection of garlic, Allium sativum, extract and immersion in garlic juice on the nonspecific immunity and the resistance against the artificial infection of Streptococcus iniae and Edwardsiella tarda of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The nonspecific immune mechanisms were assessed in terms of lysozyme activity, nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity etc. Relative percent survival (RPS) was assessed by the challenge with S. iniae BS10 or E. tarda KE-1. Almost of the garlic extract injected groups showed the enhanced level of the tested nonspecific immune factors. In the challenge test with S. iniae and E. tarda, RPS of 5% garlic extract pre-injected group was much higher than that of any other tested groups, respectively. Almost of the garlic juice immersion tested groups exhibited strengthened nonspecific immune defence factors, lysozyme activity, the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils, NBT reduction and SOD activity in kidney. In the challenge with S. iniae and E. tarda, RPS in the 0.25 g/L of garlic juice immersed group was much higher than any other tested groups, respectively. The results suggest that the garlic extract and juice would be effective to enhance the nonspecific immunity and protective ability of olive flounder against fish disease such as S. iniae and E. tarda.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.545-553
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• 1993

The metalaxyl seed-soaking treatment markedly increased the root-mat formation of the young rice seedling(8- to l0-day-old) for machine transplanting. This experiment was conducted to find out a possible rooting mechanism of the young rice seedling in relation to the exogenous metalaxyl seed-soaking treatment. The rice seeds of Hwaseongbyeo variety were soaked in the solution of metalaxyl for 24 hours at room temperature. Metalaxyl(25% wettable powder), a fungicide, was used at the concentration of 200ppm as a promoting substance on the root-mat formation of the young rice seedling. Seeding rate of the young rice seedling was 220g per seed tray(30${\times}$60${\times}$depth 3cm). Metalaxyl seed treatment was highly effective in root initiation and elongation of the young rice seedling in terms of root activity, the number and length of root, and amino acid content of roots. The exogenous metalaxyl application would also increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in the young rice seedling. Those factors resulted in vigorous root-mat formation of the young rice seedling. In particular, alanine is a lead compound of metalaxyl which biochemically plays an important role in energy intermediate of the rice plant. Alanine conjugation with a glucose (N-${\beta}$-glucoside) is probably the mechanism in enhancement of initiation and elongation of rice roots of young rice seedling.