• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2000

Which sublethal cadmium pretreatment may prevent from lethal cadmium's killing mice and which cadmium pretreatment-induced protection against cadmium lethality to mice may be related with their hepatic glutathione contents were investigated. When cadmium chloride was subcutaneously injected to mice (ICR strain) at various doses, all mice died, which treated with cadmium at dose of 300 $\mu$moles/kg or more, and none died, which treated with cadmium at dose of 80 $\mu$moles/kg or less. Subcutaneous pretreatment of sublethal cadmium decreased sacrifice of mice which subsequently injected with lethal cadmium, with most effectiveness at pretreatment dose of cadmium of 40 $\mu$moles/kg b.w. and at 48 hours of interval between sublethal cadmium pretreatment and lethal cadmium treatment. Even if a great part of the cadmium-pretreated mice were sacrificed while treated with lethal cadmium, they survived longer than the non-pretreated mice. Sublethal cadmium pretreatment (40 $\mu$moles/kg b.w.) 48 hours before lethal cadmium treatment to mice didn't decrease hepatic glutathione contents of the survived mice, while decreases in the glutathione in livers were observed in the mice just after died. These results indicate that sublethal cadmium pretreatment-induced protection against cadmium lethality to mice may be related to their hepatic glutathione contents. [Cd pretreatment, Cd lethality, Hepatic glutathione contents].

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2001

Whether the pretreatment of sublethal arsenic or cadmium may prevent from lethality of arsenic or cadmium to mice, respectively, and also the protection against to lethality of arsenic or cadmium which might be induced by pretreatment of arsenic or cadmium may be related with their hepatic glutathione contents were investigated. When sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride was subcutaneously injected to mice (ICR strain) using lethal doses, all mice of both group were killed. The mortality of mice which were subsequently injected with lethal arsenic 24 hours after pretreatment of sublethal arsenic was decreased, and the same result was obtained in the case of cadmium. Sublethal pretreatment of arsenic or cadmium prior to lethal arsenic or cadmium treatment to mice, respectively, didn't decrease hepatic glutathione contents of the survived mice, while decreases of that contents in liver were observed in the mice just after they died. Cadmium pretreatment decreased mortality of mice which subsequently injected with lethal arsenic, while arsenic pretreatment didn't protect against cadmium lethality. These results indicate that protection against arsenic or cadmium lethality to mice induced by pretreatment of sublethal arsenic or cadmium may be directly related to other factors induced by sublethal camium pretreatment, not to hepatic glutathione contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

In order to know the biological effect of effluent from shipyard and the adjacent stream water on four organisms (flatfish, rockfish, sea squirt and arkshell) cultured around the shipyard, lethal rate and DNA damage were measured after 48 hr exposure and carried out by a single cell gel electrophoresis, namely comet assay. $LC_{50}$ (48 hr) could not be calculated in any organism 48 hours after exposure to effluent from shipyard and stream water, because all organism showed a lethal rate lower than 20%. Regardless of no acute toxicity, DNA damage of flatfish and rockfish was detected higher in Jang-Pyoung stream than in control, whereas sea squirt revealed higher DNA damage in laundry waste water. From these results, Jang-Pyoung stream seemed to have a relatively higher genotoxicity rather than effluent from shipyard.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2001

Entomopathogenic nematodes were effective in the control of the cotton caterpillar, Palpita indica Saunder. P. indica mortality was significantly different depending on nematode species, treatment concentration, and instar. S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was more effective against P. indica than S. glaseri Dongrae strain, S. longicaudum Nonsan strain, Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan isolate, and H. bacteriophora Hamyang strain. When S. carpocapsae was treated with the rate of > 20 infective juveniles (ijs)/larva, mortality was ca. 100% at the 1st-4th instars of P. indica in 72h. $LC_{50}$ of entomopathogenic nematodes were significantly different depending on nematode species. The lowest $LC_{ 50}$ value was obtained by S. carpocapsae with 4.9-8.2 ijs in the 1st-prepupa while the highest $LC_{50}$ by Heterorhabditis sp. with 5.5-21.9 ijs, the shortest LT$_{50}$ value of P. indica was induced by S. carpocapsae when 20 ijs/larva were inoculated. The $LT_{50}$ s were 3.4-9.2h against the 1st-prepupa. The mortality of P. indica in fields was significantly different depending on field condition, nematode concentration, and leaf location. Mortality of P. indica by S. carpocapsae was higher at greenhouse,$ 3$\times$10^{9}$ ijs/ha and upper leaves than at field, 1$\times$10$^{9}$ ijs/ha and lower and middle leaves, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.110-111
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• 2002

우리나라에서는 생선회맛을 향상시키기 위하여 활어를 즉살, 방혈 후에 냉장고 등에서 일정시간 보관한 다음에 먹는 방법이 일부 지역, 그리고 일식집에서 행해지고있다. 생선횟감의 사후 물리ㆍ화학적 변화에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 치사 전에는 어종, 크기, 양식 조건, 취급 조건 등 여러 가지가 있으며, 치사 후에는 치사방법, 조리형태, 방혈유무 등의 영향을 받는다. (중략)

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

Feeding behavior of foraging ants including visiting numbers, species, and preference on insect cadavers killed by entomopathogenic nematodes <(Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP (He) and Steinernema carpocapsae KCTC 0981BP (Sc)> and their symbiotic bacteria was investigated in Dongrae Benest Golf Club, Anyang Benest Golf Club, Gapyung Benest Golf Club and Ulsan Golf Club. The number of ants, kinds and numbers of cadavers taken away by ants were different depending on killing method, golf club and site within the golf courses (fairway and rough). The feeding preference of ants was the lowest on cadavers killed by He. At Dongrae Benest Golf Club Lasius japonicu ($75{\pm}5\%$) and Monomorium floricola ($10\%$) took away cadavers only at the rough. The visiting rate of ants was $85{\pm}6\%$ at the rough, but none at the fairway by 16 hours. The taken rate of cadavers by ants was the lowest on He-killed cadavers representing $16.7\%$ compared with $40.0\%$ on Sc-killed cadavers, $53.3\%$ on fenitrithion-killed cadavers, and $56.7\%$ on natural dead cadavers by 12 hours. At the rough of hole 6 in Anyang Benest Golf Club, Tetramorium tsushimae ($33{\pm}12\%$), Pheidole fervida ($17{\pm}15\%$), Camponatus japonicus ($10\%$), Formica japonica ($7{\pm}6\%$), Paratrechina flavipes ($3{\pm}6\%$), and Crematogaster matsumurai ($3{\pm}6\%$) took away cadavers, but $23{\pm}15\%$ of cadavers were not visited by ants. Ants took away $40\%$ of Sc-killed cadavers, $16.7\%$ of frozen-killed cadavers, and $3.4\%$ of He-killed cadavers. The number of visiting ants was low at the hole 9 of Cherry course in Gapyung Benest Golf Club and only Tetramorium tsuhimae and Paratrechina flavipes were found from one site. The density of entomopathogenic nematodes did not influence ant visiting on cadavers, but burying affected ant visiting. Although ants took away unburied cadavers, buried cadavers were taken away at the hole 6 of Dongrae Benest Golf Club by 16 hours. Ant visiting had the same tendency on symbiotic bacterium-treated biscuit as nematode-killed cadavers. The visiting was less on biscuit inoculated by Photorhabdus sp., a symbiotic bacterium of He than on biscuit inoculated by Xenorhabdus nematophila, a symbiotic bacterium of Sc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.168-169
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.172.1-172
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.172.2-173
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• 2003