• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify lifestyle types for Koreans' time use through the 2014 National Time Survey. In this 2014 national life time survey data, the required maintenance time, mandatory time, and free time presented in the triangle model were divided into three areas, and compared and analyzed by age and region. In this type of lifestyle, teenagers, people in their 20s and 50s were given reasonable life-seeking, people in their 30s and 40s were given achievement-seeking, and people in their 60s, 70s and 80s were given passive real-life seeking. The required maintenance time of each regional lifestyle activity was Jeonbuk, Ulsan, and Gangwon took up the most time during free time. The higher the age, the higher the satisfaction level of each age, the higher the satisfaction level of life, while the satisfaction level of each region was the highest in Daejeon and the lowest in Ulsan. The satisfaction level for each lifestyle type was higher, followed by rational life pursuit, achievement pursuit and passive reality. It seems that systematic research on lifestyle will be needed in future studies through the diversification of areas of time, classification according to leisure characteristics, and type of lifestyle.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2012

Objective : Individuals with anxiety disorders experience a wide range of time to seeking treatment (TST) as well as various comorbid mental disorders. The present study examined the TST in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder. This study aimed to find out the influence of comorbid mental disorder on TST of anxiety disorder through the comparison of SAD and panic disorder. Methods : This study included 311 SAD and 378 panic disorder patients at the initial visit of psychiatric clinic. Contribution of clinical (number of comorbidity, comorbid type and onset age) and demographic (current age) factors to TST were investigated by multivariate analysis. Results : The median length of TST was 14.03 years in SAD and 2.26 years in panic disorder. In social anxiety disorder, fewer comorbidity, younger onset age, and older age were factors associated with delayed TST. In panic disorder, only younger onset age was associated with delayed TST. In both disorders, comorbid depressive disorder was associated with shorter TST. Conclusion : Our data provided the differences in illness behavior needing help based on comorbid mental disorders between SAD and panic disorder. In addition to comorbid disorder, factors affecting TST of anxiety disorder requires future investigation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.659-669
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• 2000

Many patients of acute myocardial infarction showed delay time before seeking treatment although they needed immediate thrombolytic therapy once they perceived their symptoms. The objectives of this study were to identify the relationship between clinical symptoms and the delay, and to find the time spent before seeking the treatment. This study was a retrospective research. The delay time for the treatment consisted of the length of delay from symptom onset to patients' decision (T1), from patients' decision making to finding transportation (T2), and from taking transportation to the first hospital arrival(T3). The subjects were 89 patients who were admitted in the ICU and Cardiac Ward at Chonnam University Hospital with the first attack of acute myocardial infarction. Center, USA The data was collected for three months from March 1st to May 31st of 1998 through questionnaires and reviewing patients' charts: The chart information was suppled by two nurses working at the ICU and Cardiac Ward. The data was analyzed by using frequency, mean and ANOVA through the SAS program. The results of study summarized as follows: 1. Sixty two patients (69.7%) were male and twenty seven patients (30.3%) were female, the ratio of male to female was 2.3 : 1. 2. In daily life, the 70.8% of the patients felt chest pain and discomfort fatigue in 67.4%, dyspnea in 57.3%, and pain in arm, neck, and jaw in 52.8%. During the attack, 97.8% of the patients felt chest pain and discomfort dyspnea in 82.1%, pain in arm, neck, jaw in 67.4% and perspiration in 51.7%. 3. The length of time a patient spent seeking time for treatment (T1+T2+T3) was 94.6 minutes, in which the time for patients' decision making for treatment (T1) was 70.3 minutes, time for finding transportation (T2) was 8.2 minutes, and time for the transportation of the patient to the first hospital (T3) was 16.1 minutes. Time for patients' decision making to go to a hospital(T1) was 74.2% of the total time sought for treatment. 4. The differences of time sought for treatment between perceptions about the seriousness of the symptoms were significant (F= 6.5, p< .01). The more serious the heart symptoms they felt, the shorter the seeking time for treatment. 5. The differences of the time delay before treatment between the degree of the symptoms were significant (F= 2.9, p< .05). The patients with the typical chest pain and discomfort spent shorter the seeking time for treatment than those with the atypical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. 6. The differences of transportation time to the first hospital between the types of cars that the patients used, were significant (F= 4.3, p< .01). When the patients used 119 or 129 they spent the least time (5.3 minutes) for transportation, and followed by way of an ambulance (15.6 minutes), private car (20.6 minutes), and taxi (24.8 minutes).

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results after microfracture surgery for full-thickness chondral lesion of the knee. Materials and Methods: Thrity-seven patients, who had underwent microfracture surgery for full-thickness chondral lesion of the knee between January 1999 and December 2005, were reviewed. Their mean age at the time of operation was 31 years (range, 21~38 years) and mean follow up period was 2.7 years. All patients were reviewd every 6 months after operation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by activity of daily living (ADL), Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) knee examination form, Lysholm score and satisfaction of treatment. Results: ADL and Tegner activity score improved in 83% of patients during first 18 months, but decreased during next 6months. IKDC score improved from 58 points at operation time to 86 points after 12 months, but decreased to 79 points and 68 points at 18 and 24 months after operation, respectively. Also, Lysholm score improved from 61 points at operation time to 89 points after 12 months, to 92 points after 18 months, but 73 points after 24 months. At the last follow-up, 22 patients were excellent or good in satisfaction of treatment, whereas 12 patients were fair, 3 patients were poor. Conclusion: Microfracture surgery for full-thickness chondral lesion of the knee has a good functional improvement for first 12 months after operation, but its effectiveness has decreased over time.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.65-83
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of smartphone usage types and excessive expectation for smartphone on adolescents' smartphone overdependence. It utilized the data of 3,454 adolescents (1,758 males and 1,696 females), aged between 13 and 19 from a smartphone overdependence survey of the National Information Society Agency. As a result of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, age and household income had a negative effect on smartphone overdependence. Weekly smartphone usage time positively affected the serious consequences (sub-factor of smartphone overdependence). Among the different types of smartphone usage, information seeking, SNS, gaming, and the excessive expectation for smartphones had positive impact on smartphone overdependence. Smartphone usage for leisure seeking did not affect smartphone overdependence, but it negatively influenced serious consequences. Messenger use did not affect smartphone overdependence, but the use had a positive effect on salience, and a negative effect on serious consequences. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to identify the types of smartphone use as well as the usage time to understand the smartphone dependence of adolescents. In addition, it seems necessary to recognize and correct the irrational excessive expectation for smartphone in order to prevent dependence and implement effective interventions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.995-1005
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to look into the views of marriage of gold miss' who participate in extreme sports. Two women, the participants of this study, have a specialized job and they take part in risky sports. Collecting data has been performed from December, 2012 to March, 2013 by conducting in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The interview was conducted for a couple of hours with flexibility. These were the conclusions of this study. The participation motivation in extreme sports was to cure their diseases such as arrhythmia or inflammation, and this activities caused a stress reduction, sense of competent, way to escape from melancholy daily life, happiness, and satisfaction. Also, unhappy family matter, economic independence, and sensation-seeking were found as the main factors that affect their views of marriage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.103-131
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• 2008

Today. the mental health has a great deal of impact on individuals and the society surrounding. Therefore. this research is to propose a way of bibliotherapical intercession by stages and patterns as to examine the recovery process of students with negative emotion by using the grounded theoretical method. This research collected materials through focus-interview, participant observation and book reports of 4 experiments involving female college students aged from 21 to 23, all having emotional and psychological difficulties. The recovery process of female students with negative emotion involved causal factors such as "recognition of hidden wound" "Sense of inferiority", and "difficulty in forming relationships", as well as contextual factors like "sympathetic attitude". which altogether brought about the core phenomenon. "pursuit for healthy ego". This core phenomenon induced to recovering the bright and positive attitude through using the strategies of 'self insight' and application of 'management plan', influence by such incoherent conditions as 'intimate surroundings' and $\setminus$ 'support system patterns'. And as time passed. the recovery process appeared tin four stages: 'issues recognition'. 'emotional responses', 'issue solution' and 'self application'.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.35-39
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• 1997

스키는 겨울철에 하는 옥외 스포츠로서, 때로는 -30 .deg. C 정도의 저온이나 강풍이 부는 한냉 환경하에서 행하여지는 경우도 있다. 이러한 한냉환경은 신체기능을 저하시켜서 불쾌감을 증가시키므로 의복의 중요성이 더욱 강조된다. 인간과 환경 사이에 놓여 있는 스키웨어는 그 시대의 세련된 패션성이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 운동기능성, 안전성, 내구성 그리고 쾌적성을 구비하지 않으면 안된다. 따라서 환경이 인체에 미치는 영향이나 인간의 생리적 메커니즘을 인식하므로서 비로서 쾌적한 스키웨어를 만들 수 있는 것이다. 다양한 형태의 삶을 추구하는 현대인들의 관심은 점차 여가 시간의 건전한 활용 및 스포츠에 집중 되고 있다. 이러한 사회적인 경향에 발 맞추어 신소재의 스키웨어의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 예컨데 태양 광선을 흡수하는 세라믹 투입의 신소재의 개발과 체내에서 방출하는 열을 가능한 발산하지 않는, 두 가 지 기능을 합한 축열보온 소재의 스키웨어와 또 탁월한 방수. 방풍의 효과와 운동시 발생되는 수분. 열 배출 을 위한 투습의 능력이 있고 보온의 효과가 매우 높은 힐스포(HEALSPO) 코팅 소재를 사용한 스키웨어도 개발 되고 있다. 그리고 보온성과 심리적 만족감을 위한 원피스, 투피스, 쓰리피스 타입의 디자인 개발도 진행되 고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한냉하 운동시의 축열보온 소재 및 힐스포 소재와 같은 특수소재 스키웨어가 인 체에 미치는 영향을 다른 일반 소재와 비교 고찰하고, 스키웨어의 디자인에 대한 보온성의 효과를 검토하기 위하여, 저온환경에서의 피험자의 온열생리학적 반응을 측정하였다.한 신장/근력 팀의 경우보다 높은 에너지 소비량과 심박수를 보였다.찰한 결과, 세포독성 및 염색체 이상을 유발하지 않았다. 또한 동물약품으로 사용되는 치료용량 및 투약방법에 근거하여 10mg/kg 및 5, 2.5mg/kg을 1일 1회씩 4회 투여한 군에서도 암수에 상관없이 전 농도 군에서 염색체이상을 나타내지 않아 유전독성을 나타내지 않음을 관찰하였다. 특히 vitamin C와 E의 병용투여는 상승적으로 적용하여 간세포손상을 더욱 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.mance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide data for the improvement of hypertension management of community health practitioner posts through the study on hypertension management in community health practitioner posts. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 700 community health practitioners and 205 of them responded during the period from March 13, 2003 to May 13. The survey results were analyzed using SPSS program, version 11. Results: The results are as follows; 1. There are two major activities in a hypertension prevention project for community: health education and early detection. About 57% of community health care practitioners perform a health education for community people four times a year. The 64.5% of them used the materials for health education provided from a community health center and 22.1% of them performed a post-evaluation. The main method of early detection of hypertension was measurement of blood pressure of person to visit, which was 96.1%. Other methods included home visiting(89.3%), a referral from community hospitals and other resources(49.1%), health promotion events(39.5%), and a review of medical records(35.7%). 2. For the registration and management of patients with hypertension, about 36% of community health centers used a special form and more than 50% of them have registered patients who were managed by other health care institutions in the community. A computerized program was used for the management of patients with hypertension in 68.5% of them. More than 60% of them responded that it was used for report, treatment, and follow-up of patients with hypertension.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 1998

연구목적 : 사상의학(四象醫學)은 인간을 태양인(太陽人), 태음인(太陰人), 소양인(少陽人), 소음인(少陰人)으로 구분하여 동일한 병증에 대해서도 치료를 달리하는 의학이다. 즉 인간을 동일한 원리로 설명하는 것이 아니라 각 체질에 따른 차등성을 통해 각 체질 취약점의 보완을 추구하는 의학이다. 그러면, 무엇이 이러한 인간 구분의 단서가 되었으며 이것이 의학으로까지 적용되는 과정 즉, 사상의학의 성립 과정을 살펴 보는 것을 연구 목적으로 한다. 연구방법 : 동무(東武) 이제마(李濟馬)의 저술로 인정되는 "격치고(格致藁)", "동무유고(東武遺藁)", "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)"의 문헌적 자료와 각 편의 저술시기를 통해 동무(東武) 이제마(李濟馬)의 사고의 흐름과 변화를 통해 사상의학이 성립되는 과정을 살펴 보는 문헌적 조사방법을 이용하였다. 연구 결과 및 결론 : 이상의 결과를 통해 아래의 연구 결론을 구하였다. 1. 동무(東武)는 "맹자(孟子)"의 사부지심(四夫之心)을 근거로 인간을 심욕에 따라 비인(鄙人), 박인(薄人), 탐인(貪人), 나인(懦人)으로 구분하였고 인의예지의 사단을 장부에 배속하여 심욕을 몸에 적용하였다. 그러나 "격치고(格致藁)"의 비인(鄙人), 박인(薄人), 탐인(貪人), 나인(懦人)과 "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)"의 태소음양인(太少陰陽人)의 직접 연결은 동무 사고의 시간적 흐름을 고려하지 않은 것이며, 동무는 "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)" "사단론(四端論)"과 "확충론(擴充論)"을 통해 비박탐라인(鄙薄食懦人)의 심욕(心愁慾)과 태소음양인(太少陰陽人)의 정기(情氣)를 매개로 하여 비인(鄙人)은 태양인(太陽人), 탐인(貪人)은 태음인(太陰人), 박인(薄人)은 소양인(少陽人), 나인(懦人)은 소음인(少陰人)으로 설명함을 확인할 수 있었다. 2. "격치고(格致藁)" "독행편(獨行篇)"과 저술 연도가 동일한 "동무유고(東武遺藁) 교자평생함(敎子平生箴)"을 통해 의학적 사고의 성립을 살펴보면, 동무(東武)의 차등적 장리(臟理)는 희노애락의 성정(性情) 구분이 장리(臟理)의 차이로 발전한 것이 아니라 장부(臟腑) 강약(强弱)에 대한 인식이 선행되고 이를 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)으로 설명하였으며, 또한 "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)"의 장부(臟腑) 대소(大小)는 강약(强弱)에 근거한 개념임을 알 수 있었다. 3. 사상의학(四象醫學)의 의학적 설명 도구는 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)이다. 희노애락은 비박탐라(鄙薄貪懦)와는 달리 선악(善惡)의 가치 판단이 들어있지 않으면서 기의 승강을 나타낼 수 있는 중용적 설명 도구로 동무가 의학을 설명하기 위한 최선의 도구였다. 사상의학(四象醫學)에서의 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)은 증치의학(證治醫學)의 음양오행(陰陽五行)의 역할과 같은 것이다. 4. 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)은 "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)"에서 성(性), 정(情), 기(氣)로 설명되는데 희노애락의 성(性)과 정(情)은 장부 대소를 설명하는 근거로 체질마다 다른 장국 형성을 가능하게 하고 또한 각기 표기(表氣)와 리기(裏氣)를 손상(損傷)하는 것으로 설명되었다. 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)의 기(氣)는 기(氣)의 승강(升降)을 설명하는 근거로 애기(哀氣)와 노기(怒氣)는 양(陽)으로 직승(直升)과 횡승(橫升)하고 희기(喜氣)와 락기(樂氣)는 음(陰)으로 방강(放降)과 함강(陷降)한다. 이러한 희노애락은 순동역동(順動逆動)의 특성과 상성상자(相成相資)의 특성을 지니는데 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)의 상성상자(相成相資)는 사상의학 고유 개념으로 사상인병증론(四象人病證論)에서 언급하고 있는 성정(性情)과 심욕(心慾)의 편급까지 영향을 미치는 중요한 단서이다.