• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-143
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• 1998

Married women who follow occupations have remarkably increased. Economic-activies married women[EAMW] have experienced a great degree of role confilcts as the results of that they should play the role of wage workers and do duty as household affairs as well as raise children. To understand problems of EAMW and to make alterniative plans for EAMW, the daily life actives of EAMW should be examined. This study attempts to understand the daily life activites of EAMW. To obtain the goal this research generalizes the daily life actives of EAMW. classifies the patterns the activites, and analyzes the activites in the micro-level. The acivites of EAMW mainly consist of formal business and household affairs. The spatial bounds of activities are influenced by weekdays and holidays. During the weekday their activities are mainly found around residences and/or work places; while, during the weekend, they are discovered around residences and/or around residences or relatives who take care of their children. EAMW move longer distance rather than a full-time housewife; however, the activites of EAMW are residential orientation like those of full-time housewives. The role conflicts of EAMW are mainly from social cultural structure, the distance between workplace and residence, and the location of public service institutes.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.113-122
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the work-family conflict and work-family spillover of married working women. For this purpose, this study estimate the level of work-family conflict and spillover and investigate the related variables to then The results are as follows. The level of work-family conflict is ordinary. The level of role conflict as mother is highest and that of role conflict as wife is lowest. The level of work-family spillover is also ordinary and positive work-family spillover and family-work spillover are higher than negative ones. Work-family conflict of married working women have a significant difference according to woman's age, age of first child, number of children, household work time, career years, and support of family. Negative family-work spillover have similar trend with wok-family conflict in affecting variables. This study is meaningful in analyse the work-family spillover of married working women as well as work-family conflict to reveal the positive aspect with negative aspect of work-family. It is needed to eliminate the conditions which cause conflict to married working women and emphasize the positive effect of work-family.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.575-591
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• 2013

In this paper the relationship of various types of work-family interaction (i.e. work-family conflict, and work-family enhancement) with individual, family, and employment characteristics was explored in a sample of 1000 married employed women with preschool children. By using cluster analysis, we tried to reveal whether specific combinations of the various dimensions of work-family interaction (WFI) exist. Our results showed that employed women did not simply experience work-family conflict or work-family enhancement, but that they should be classified in four distinct clusters: (1) 189 employed women experienced primarily work-family enhancement(i.e. positive WFI); (2) 289 employed women experienced primarily work-family conflict(i. e. negative WFI); (3) 338 employed women experienced work-family conflict and work-family enhancement simultaneously(i. e. both positive and negative WIF); (4) 184 employed women did not experience either work-family conflict or work-family enhancement(i. e. low WFI). Results further showed that the emerging WFI-clusters appeared to have distinct profiles with respect to individual, family and employment characteristics.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2017

This study investigated the latent groups depending on married working women's work-family spillover. The effects of factors that determine mental health subgroups and differences were also analyzed. Mixture modeling was applied to the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families to achieve the research objectives. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there were four subgroups that could be defined according to the work-family spillover: mid-level spillover group (mid-positive and mid-negative spillover group), high-level spillover group (high-positive and high-negative spillover group), low-level spillover group (low-positive and low-negative spillover group), and high-negative and low-positive spillover group. Second, the results of mixture regression analysis to test the effect of eco-system variables showed that age, academic background, non-traditional family value, number of children, work hours, wage income, and availability of the maternity leave were significant determinants of the latent groups. The probability of classifying in the high-negative and low-positive spillover group increased when women showed a lower academic background and wage income, higher number of children and older age, and longer work hours than others. Third, the high-level spillover group, and the high-level spillover group showed the lowest stress and the lowest depression; however, the low-level spillover group reported the highest stress and the highest depression. Implications, limitations, and future directions were discussed based on the results.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.405-420
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find pathways among factors that distinguish the mothers' intention to have a second child. As for factors affecting the childbirth intention of mothers, this study aimed to explore pathways from fathers' participation in childrearing to intention of second childbirth as mediating variables, maternal parenting stress and marital satisfaction. This study used the third wave data of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) that is a national-representative birth-cohort study. Among the 1,802 participants of the PSKC, 717 mothers who have a husband/partner and only one child have responded a decided intention of second childbirth. SPSS 19.0 and Amos 19.0 were used to implement exploratory analyses of predictors and test path models. Results showed that the hypothetical model assuming a path from paternal involvement in childrearing to mothers' intention of second childbirth, mediated by maternal parenting stress and marital satisfaction fitted the data of working mothers and non-working mothers well. The results suggest policies focusing on internal characteristics of mothers and dynamics in the family.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.541-550
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• 2016

This study explored a typology (or time allocation), investigated personal and work characteristic differences among time allocation types, and identified determinants of time allocation types of married working women with a preschool child. The data source for this research was the 2014 Time Use Survey conducted by Statistics Korea. We analyzed 368 time diaries (184 for weekdays and 184 for weekends) using frequency, mean, cluster analysis, chisquare, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan's test, and multinomial logistic analysis. The results of this research are as follows. Time allocation of married working women with a preschool child was classified into three different types of 'work-centered,' 'work-family balanced,' and 'family-centered.' The work-centered type accounted for 14.7% of total respondents, and compared with other types, this type of people spent more time working, and less time doing house-work, caring for family, and having leisure. The work-family balanced type represents more than half of the total, and spend more time working on weekdays and house-working, having leisure on weekends. The family-centered type represents 28.8%, and spends most of the time doing house-work and caring for family on both weekdays and weekends. Occupation, employment status, monthly income, and weekly hours of work were different for each type. Occupation, employment status, perception of lack of time, health condition, and weekly hours of work were identified as determinants for each type.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-171
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• 1996

The purposes of this research were to investigate the general trends and differences of family members' satisfaction and attitudes related to mother's employment condition, to examine the correlations between every members' employment condition, to examine the correlations between every members' interactions, and to analyze the effects of related variables. To study these objectives, three kinds of questionnaire were used and the data were obtained through 780 parents and adolescents. The jmajor findings were as follows: 1) The general trends of family member's interactions showed that the score of relationship satisfaction between mother and adolescent was higher than father and adolescent. Nonemployed mothers and their children were more traditional in attitudes. 2) The correlations of family member's interactions were significant in satisfaction. Husband's occupational attitudes were related with wife's interactions were significant in satisfaction. Husband's occupational attitudes were related with wife's satisfaction, and parentadolescent attitudes were related each other in dual earner family. 3) Mother's marital satisfaction was affected by employment condition, communication satisfaction, husband's aid, support, satisfaction for employment condition, and father's was affected by communication satisfaction and wife's marital satisfaction. Adolescent's satisfaction with father was influenced by satisfaction with mother and mother's employment condition, and sex-role attitudes were influenced by employment condition and father's support.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.89-105
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze working mothers' demand for child care and housekeeping home services, and to investigate the present supply condition of home services in Korea. Data collection was implemented to examine the service demand of working mothers(n=700) in four areas. The data were analyzed with SPSS. The results were as follows: 1) For home-based child-care dispatch services social enterprises are superior to other private service suppliers in terms of the treatment of service workers, wages, and quality control. As for child care service contents, the provision of meals, and casual safeguards were mostly expected. The most important qualification for care providers was found to be in faithfulness, and the certification related with child care was required. An affordable wage range was perceived as ￦3,000~5,000 per hour, and part time services. For the time range, services which commenced before 9 am and terminated after between 5~6 pm were preferred. 2) For housekeeping dispatch services, standard services, including basic cleaning, preparation of meals and side dishes, special cleaning, and washing, were in demand. The required qualifications of housekeeping service providers were similar to those of child care service providers. Possessing certification was not considered as an important quality; however, personality and career type were important factors. An acceptable wage range was ￦3,000~5,000 per hour and part-time services were preferred. In terms of the service time range, services which commenced between 8~9 am and terminated between 5~7 pm were preferred.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-49
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to get answers to following research questions: Who are the busy people in such a speedy society like Korea? How the daily schedules of busy people might look like? What is the priority of activity that appear in their schedules?, And what is the gender difference? The sample of study came form the 2004 Korean Time Diary Data which have been collected by Korean National Statistical Office. The sample consisted of 11,976 married men and women, whose age range from 25-54 (women 49.7% of the sample). Dependent variable was time pressure measured in one item question with 4-likert scale. Socio-demographic factors and the amount of time in work/family role and other relevant activities were considered as well as gender. The results of the study showed us that men perceived more time deficit compared to women. Especially, employed men were the most time poor group, followed by employed women, unemployed women and unemployed men. The results showed that, even though there were similarities in the impact of relevant factors, men's time pressure were tightly linked with their work role and social status, while women's time pressure were responsive to both their role as a mother and as a worker. Nowadays, Korean fathers appear to face new expectation that they need to be involved in family just like mothers do. However, men and women still seems to traverse through different time path, which may create both burden and conflict to either party. Policy implication and detailed suggestions were discussed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was (a) to identify latent profiles among employed Korean mothers of third graders based on work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, work-parenting conflict, and work-parenting enrichment, (b) to examine the antecedents of profile membership at the individual, family, work, and community levels, and (c) to investigate the differences in the various psychological outcomes across the profiles. The sample of 451 married employed mothers was a subset of data from the 10th Wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children, which was collected in 2017 when the focal child was in the third grade. Our latent profile analysis suggested a three-profile model that comprised enriched (11.91%), moderate (47.85%), and mixed (40.24%) profiles. The significant antecedents of profile membership were subjective health status, the child's adjustment to school, working hours, the community's suitability for childrearing, and satisfaction with community service facilities. Regarding psychological outcomes, the levels of life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and job satisfaction were higher in the following order: enriched, moderate, and mixed profiles. The levels of depressive symptoms were in the reverse order: mixed, moderate, and enriched profiles. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the literature on work-family interactions by considering various predictors and outcomes at multiple levels.