• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2013

Hosta longipes is one of the most popular ornamental perennials in use in Korea today, and is mainly used as a groundcover plant in urban shaded places. In this study, the pytoremediation effect of Hosta longipes was tested using four concentrations (Control, 100, 250 and $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil. The plants were planted in $300mm{\times}200mm{\times}250mm$ drainless-containers, which were filled with a artificial amended soil for 7 months. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals cadmium and lead in the shoot of Hosta longipes increased with increasing heavy metal concentration levels exception of zinc. The amount of zinc, cadmium, and lead accumulated in roots were increased with heavy metal concentration levels up in soil. The shoot/root ratios(TF; translocation factor) values were found to be more than 80% of total Zn, Cd, and Pb take up by Hosta longipes. These results indicated that root is the major part for accumulation of heavy metal. The removal contents of zinc, cadmium, and lead increased significantly with the increasing heavy metal concentration in the soil, which was planted with Hosta longipes. The heavy metal concentration accumulation in plant/soil ratios (BF; bioaccumulation factor) values for three metals were found to be more than 30% in cadmium and lead, but lower in zinc treatments. The different responses of Hosta longipes suggest that in heavy metal contaminated soils the plant adsorbs available metals depending on the concentration soils in which they are present. Therefore, this species can be an efficient phytoremediator for soils contaminated with cadmium and lead in urban shaded places.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.433-440
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• 2011

In head lettuce seedlings, NaCl stress was treated with hydroponic culture containing 0, 50, or with 100 mM NaCl in the seedling grown up to two leaf stages. Our focus was on the effect of NaCl on fresh and dry weights, antioxidant materials, and inorganic ion level. Fresh and dry weights of head lettuce seedlings increased with the increase in salinity while the optimal growth occured at 50 mM NaCl. The chlorophyll a (Chl a), total Chl and Chl a/b ratio increased 6 days after treatment with 100 mM NaCI. However, the Chl b content decreased. Total glutathione increased only in the root of head lettuce seedlings, whereas significant increase of total arcorbate content was observed in both shoot and root after the treatment with 100 mM NaCl. In addition, the NaCl treatment resulted in the decreased level of spermidine content, and a increased spermine content. Furthermore, $Na^+$ content in shoot and root increased significantly while $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ content decreased. The alteration of inorganic ion level after treatment with NaCl caused the reduction of $K^+/Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}/Na^+$, and $Mg^{2+}/Na^+$ ratio with the increase of NaCl concentration. Taken together, these findings indicate that the treatment of NaCl causes the induction of oxidative stress, and results in the alteration of metabolic mechanism in head lettuce seedlings.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.587-595
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• 2016

Salt stress in crops in reclaimed tidal lands can be reduced by applying soil amendments. To evaluate the effects of compost, gypsum, and phosphate on the growth of Chinese cabbage in saline-sodic soil conditions, we conducted a pot experiment in 2013 and 2014. The treatments consisted of a standard fertilizer application of a mix of compost and N-P-K fertilizer (S) and standard fertilizer applications with additional compost (S + C), gypsum (S + G), phosphate (S+P), and gypsum and phosphate (S + GP). The mean dry matter yield of cabbage in 2014 was three times as great as that in 2013, although soil EC (Electrical conductivity) in 2014 was not decreased. However, the mean ratio of sodium ion in soil solution ($SAR_{1:5}$) significantly decreased from $17.3{\pm}1.1$ in 2013 to $11.2{\pm}2.7$ in 2014. Application of gypsum had the greatest positive impact on the growth of Chinese cabbage. The S + G treatment increased dry matter yield by 7.0 (48.2) and 7.9 g/plant (16.6%) in 2013 and 2014, respectively, compared to the S treatment. Applying gypsum increased soil EC, but decreased $SAR_{1:5}$ by 14 and 38% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The application of compost and phosphate had a small effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage. These results suggest that applying gypsum in reclaimed tidal lands can reduce the sodicity of the soil and improve crop growth.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

This study investigated the effect of different $O_2$ transmission rate (OTR) of films on surface temperature, weight loss, pH, $O_2$, $CO_2$ and sensory characteristics, microbial quality, total phenolic contents and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity of fresh-cut lettuce during storage at $10^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. $80{\pm}5g$ of fresh-cut lettuce were packaged with oriented polypropylene films respectively. The OTR of packaging materials was 5,000, 8,000 and $10,000cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$. Quality characteristics showed significant differences during storage. The surface temperature was averaged 13 and lower in higher OTR of films. The weight loss of lettuce ranged from 2.8 to 5.4% and the highest loss showed in $5,000cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ of film. pH was increased during storage and the highest pH was found in $5,000cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$. The $O_2$ content in the packaging was decreased with increasing $CO_2$ content during storage. The lowest $CO_2$ was found in $10,000cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$. As OTR was decreased, antioxidant profile of lettuce was decreased. Total aerobic bacteria showed from 5.48 to 6.59 log CFU/g. From the result of the overall sensory test, the marketability of fresh-cut lettuce stored at $10^{\circ}C$ seemed to be maintained effectively over 5 days.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cold plasma combined with UV-C irradiation against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on lettuce. E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes, corresponding to approximately 5.82, 5.09, 5.65 log CFU/g, were inoculated on lettuce, respectively. Then, the lettuce was treated with cold plasma, UV-C and combination (cold plasma + UV-C), respectively. The treated lettuce was stored for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C$ for microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation. Cold plasma reduced the populations of E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes by 0.26, 0.65, and 0.93 log CFU/g, respectively. Each microorganism were reduced by 0.87, 0.88, and 1.14 log CFU/g after UV-C treatment. And, the combined treatment that was treated by cold plasma after UV-C treatment reduced the populations of inoculated microorganisms by 1.44, 2.70, 1.62 log CFU/g, respectively. The all treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the populations of all inoculated bacteria compared to untreated lettuce. UV-C combined with cold plasma was the most effective for reducing the pathogenic bacteria on lettuce, by showing log-reductions of ${\geq}2.0\;log\;CFU/g$. All treatment was not significantly different until 6 day storage compared to control group in terms of appearance, texture and overall acceptability. Therefore, the combined treatment will be an effective intervention method to control the bacteria on lettuce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.606-614
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• 2020

The administrative ship, Chuja-ho, is the only mode of transportation between manned islands in the Chuja-do, Jeju. Chuja-ho is a 25-year-old age, which is identified to pass the persisting period (25 years) for public ships, and there is an urgent need for a replacement. The residents of the island are also requesting that the new administrative ship be outfitted with medical functions because there is no sea transportation system for medical emergencies in Chuja-do. The purpose of this study is to examine the required functions of a new administrative ship outfitted with medical functions and to suggest a conceptual design. In order to review the necessity of an emergency patient transport system, user requirements were surveyed and analyzed, and the ship's condition assessed by ship experts who carried out an on-site survey and analysis of ship survey data. Thereafter, a conceptual design for a new administrative ship with medical functions was presented. The results of this study can be used during a review of a new budget plan and for basic ship designs during the replacement project by the local government. It is also expected to improve the safety and medical environment of Chuja-do residents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.748-760
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• 2016

This study investigated the relationship of brand equity of restaurant LOHAS image with altruistic value, LOHAS involvement and additional willingness to pay (WTP). The data collected for this study was taken from a sample of 544 persons during the period of August 1, 2013 to August 31, 2013. The study findings are as follows. First, brand equity and brand association of restaurant LOHAS image had a positive effect on altruistic value, but had no positive effect on brand loyalty and perceived product quality. Second, brand awareness, brand loyalty and brand association of restaurant LOHAS image had a positive effect on LOHAS involvement, but had no significant positive effect on perceived quality. Third, altruistic value was found to have a positive effect on LOHAS involvement. Fourth, altruistic value had a positive effect on additional WTP. Fifth, LOHAS involvement was found to have a significant positive influence on additional WTP. The findings of this study indicate that communication strategies are warranted to emerge environmental friendliness and health targeting population groups that pursue the LOHAS value of restaurants or have a high propensity toward altruism.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1571-1576
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• 2002

Purpose : Recently, clinical trials of steroid add-on therapy were reported with variable results in Kawasaki disease. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients at high risk of with Kawasaki disease(${\geq}4$ points of Harada score) treated by three commonly used different treatment regimens, with or without corticosteroids. Methods : Medical records of 96 children with Kawasaki disease treated with one of the threee regimens were reviewed retrospectively. Regimen 1 was aspirin(100 mg/kg/day) plus intravenous gamma globulin 2 g/kg single dose; regimen 2, aspirin(100 mg/kg/day) plus intravenous gamma globulin 1 g/kg single dose; regimen 3, regimen 2 plus prednisolone(2 mg/kg/day), followed by tapering two weeks and pulse therapy of methyl prednisolone performed in cases of retreatment. Also low dose aspirin was given in all three regimens for eight weeks after the acute phase. The cardiovascular and laboratory evaluations were performed on acute phase, immediate after acute phase, and subacute phase, eight weeks after treatment. Results : The frequency of coronary artery lesions and laboratory findings in the three different regimens were similar. The more rapid control of fever after treatment was noted in regimen 3. Furthermore the frequency of retreatment was decreased in regimen 3 compared to the other two regimens. Conclusion : Steroid add-on therapy showed some beneficial outcome compared to conventional treatment regimens. The role of steroid in the treatment of Kawasaki disease should be reassessed in systemic manner.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.117-121
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• 1973

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen top-dressed at the different growth stages on the morphological and physical characteristics of barley culm. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened, and total fresh weight of the top, dry weight per unit culm, inside or outside culm diameter and thickness of culm were increased. Therefore these characteristics related to lodging indicated the beneficial changes for lodging resistance by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 2. Both weight of culm at breaking and bending moment of culm at breaking, expressing lodging resistance of culm, were increased in the plots of nitrogen top-dressed in March. Accordingly lodging resistance became higher by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 3. Both section modulus and secondary moment of inertia, expressing bending stiffness of culm, were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Accordingly lodging index, expressing comprehensive lodging resistance, became low by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 4. Both spike weight and grain yield were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Consequently we came to the conclusion that the suitable top-dressing time of nitrogen was in March.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1058-1063
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• 1998

As a series of study on the hygienization and long-term storage of dried red pepper and red pepper powder using gamma irradiation, water activity and fatty acid composition were monitored for stored samples. In proximate composition of dried pepper, moisture contents were 21.75 % in pericarp and 9.30% in seed, and crude fats were 7.20% (fresh wt.) in pericap and 22.50% in seed, respectively. Proximate components were stable against irradiation up to 10 kGy. Moisture contents and water activity of packaged samples in PE (0.1mm)/polycloth (whole pepper) and in nylon $15\;{\mu}m/PE\;100\;{\mu}m$ (pepper powder) were not remarkably changed during storage for 9 months under room temperature $(3{\sim}30^{\circ}C,\;RH\;50{\circ}95%,\;whole\;pepper,\;powder)$ and low temperature $(5{\sim}10^{\circ}C,\;pepper\;powder)$, respectively. Fatty acids of dried red pepper were mainly composed of linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acid. Particularly higher composition of unsaturated fatty acids were observed in seed $(84{\sim}85%)$ than in pericarp $(73{\sim}76%)$, and which showed negligible changes during post irradiation period for 6 months.