• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2009

Background: First-line drugs, if sensitive, are the most potent drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This study examined the frequency and risk factors associated with acquired drug resistance to first-line drugs during a standardized treatment using first-line drugs in patients with MDR-TB. Methods: This study included patients who were diagnosed with MDR-TB at the National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital between January 2004 and May 2008, treated with standardized first-line drugs, and for whom the preand post-treatment results of the drug susceptibility test were available. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of 41 MDR-TB patients, 14 (34.1%) acquired additional resistance to ethambutol (EMB) or pyrazinamide (PZA). Of 11 patients initially resistant to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP), 3 (27.3%) acquired additional resistance to both EMB and PZA, and 3 (27.3%) to PZA. Of 18 patients initially resistant to INH, RFP and EMB, 6 (33.3%) acquired additional resistance to PZA. Of 6 patients initially resistant to INH, RFP and PZA, 2 (33.3%) acquired additional resistance to EMB. Ten of the 41 MDR-TB patients (24.4%) changed from resistant to susceptible. No statistically significant risk factors associated with acquired resistance could be found. Conclusion: First-line drugs should be used cautiously in the treatment of MDR-TB in Korea considering the potential acquisition of drug resistance.

• 물리치료
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• s.14
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• pp.1-8
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• 1982

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.139-143
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• 2000

통증감소를 위주로 하는 기존의 슬 골관절염 치료는 슬관절의 퇴행을 가속화시킬 수 있기 때문에 한의학적 각종 침구요법 및 물리요법, 약물요법이나 의학적 주사요법 등을 '슬관절에 대한 부하 힘을 감소시킨 상태'에서 시행하는 진료형식을 제안한다. 그리고 이러한 슬관절질환 치료의 추나요법을 채택하여 임상적용이 가능하도록 이를 기계화 도구화하고, 진단과 치료를 동시에 시행할 수 있는 방식이 되도록 연구할 필요가 있다.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 2002

Objective : There is no case report on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) treated by CHUNA manual therapy in oriental medicine. We experienced a patient(32-year-old female) with OPLL improved by CHUNA manual therapy in X-ray image and visual analogue scale(VAS), and we report it clinically. Methods : During the patient with OPLL was treated CHUNA manual therapy, acupuncture, and physical therapy, we examined cervical X-ray, CT and Moire topography and evaluated the patient's symptoms by VAS. And we observed whether the changes exist or not in X-ray and VAS. Results : VAS in symptoms was improved significantly(p<0.05), and the radiologic X-ray image in OPLL patient was improved. Conclusion : OPLL was generally treated conservative treatment and operation in severe case. But CHUNA manual therapy may be more effective in conservative treatment of OPLL, if more clinical studies and reaches are accomplished.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1571-1576
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• 2002

Purpose : Recently, clinical trials of steroid add-on therapy were reported with variable results in Kawasaki disease. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients at high risk of with Kawasaki disease(${\geq}4$ points of Harada score) treated by three commonly used different treatment regimens, with or without corticosteroids. Methods : Medical records of 96 children with Kawasaki disease treated with one of the threee regimens were reviewed retrospectively. Regimen 1 was aspirin(100 mg/kg/day) plus intravenous gamma globulin 2 g/kg single dose; regimen 2, aspirin(100 mg/kg/day) plus intravenous gamma globulin 1 g/kg single dose; regimen 3, regimen 2 plus prednisolone(2 mg/kg/day), followed by tapering two weeks and pulse therapy of methyl prednisolone performed in cases of retreatment. Also low dose aspirin was given in all three regimens for eight weeks after the acute phase. The cardiovascular and laboratory evaluations were performed on acute phase, immediate after acute phase, and subacute phase, eight weeks after treatment. Results : The frequency of coronary artery lesions and laboratory findings in the three different regimens were similar. The more rapid control of fever after treatment was noted in regimen 3. Furthermore the frequency of retreatment was decreased in regimen 3 compared to the other two regimens. Conclusion : Steroid add-on therapy showed some beneficial outcome compared to conventional treatment regimens. The role of steroid in the treatment of Kawasaki disease should be reassessed in systemic manner.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.321-333
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• 1997

Clinical studies were performed on 119 cases who had HIVD and chronic back pain cured by chuna treatment from August 1984 to June 1997. The results were as follows 1. In 119 cases of HIVD and chronic back pain, 39 cases(32.8%) were male and 80 cases (67.2%) were female. 2. In 119 cases of HIVD and chronic back pain, 19 cases were under the age of 30 and 30 cases were under the age of 40 and 42 cases were under the age of 50 and 28 cases were older than 60 years old. 3. On Duration of Treatment in a Step, 29 cases were taken I -step treatment and 53 cases were taken II -step treatment and 31 cases were taken III -step treatment. 4. In 119 cases of HIVD and chronic back pain, recurrent rate was 12.6%.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to report the effect of oriental medical treatment including chuna manual therapy for the spondylolisthesis patient. Methods : We treated him by oriental medical treatment including acupuncture, herb therapy and chuna manual therapy. And the result was assessed by numerical rating scale(NRS), walking distance at once and radiological examination. Results : After treatment, NRS changed from 8 to 4, walking distance at once changed from 175m to 500m, percent of slip changed from 28.62% to 19.80% and slip angle changed from $20.0^{\circ}$ to $22.8^{\circ}$. Conclusions : In this study, oriental medical treatment including chuna therapy was effective in spondylolisthesis patient. But additional studies will be needed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.427-436
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• 2008

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavioral response and assess the effectiveness of additional intranasal (IN) and submucosal (SM) administration of midazolam during pediatric sedation for dental procedure. Material and methods. Thirty-three cases of healthy (ASAⅠ), uncooperative children aged from 24 to 72 month old at pediatric dental clinic of Ewha Womans University Hospital were selected for this study. Children received oral chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg with hydroxyzine 1.0 mg/kg. After waiting for 45 minutes, midazolam 0.2 mg/kg was administrated via IN route and via SM route randomly maintaining 50% of $N_2O$. A pulse oximeter and a capnograph were used for measuring vital signs ($SpO_2$, PR, RR, $EtCO_2$) throughout the sedation. Behavioral response was evaluated as Quiet (Q), Crying (C), Movement (M) or Struggling (S) in every 2 minutes for 40 minutes. Results. There were also no statistically significant differences in vital signs of the two groups. The behavioral response for the first ten minutes during sedation was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two groups. After the first ten minutes, it was revealed that there was no significant difference. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the addition of IN midazolam to the combination of oral chloral hydrate with hydroxyzine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation is as safe and effective as that of SM midazolam in pediatric sedation for dental procedure.

• The Korean Chronic Disease News
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• no.294
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• pp.9.2-9.2
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• 2005

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a simple and practical shielding device to reduce the fetal dose for a pregnant patient undergoing radiation therapy of brain metastasis. Materials and Methods: The dose to the fetus was evaluated by simulating the treatments using the anthropomorphic phantom. The prescription dose at mid-brain is $300cGy{\times}10$ fractions with 6 MV photon with $18{\times}22cm^2$ field size. The additional shielding devices to reduce the fetal dose are a shielding wall, cerrobend plates and lead (Pb) sheets over acrylic bridge. Various points of measurement with off-field distance were detected by using ion-chamber (30, 40, 50, and 60 cm) with and without the shielding devices and TLD (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 cm) only with the shielding devices. Results: The doses to the fetus without shielding were 3.20, 3.21, 1.44, 0.90 cGy at the distances of 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm from the treatment field edge. With shielding, the doses were reduced to 0.88, 0.60, 0.35, 0.25 cGy, and the ratio of the shielding effect varied from 70% to 80%. TLD results were 1.8, 1.2, 0.8, 1.2, and 0.8 cGy (70 cm). The total dose to the fetus was expected to be under 1 cGy during the entire treatment. Conclusion: The essential point during radiation therapy of pregnant patient would be minimizing the fetal dose. 10 cGy to 20 cGy is the threshold dose for fetal radiation effects. Our newly developed device reduced the fetal dose far below the safe level. Therefore, our additional shielding devices are useful and effective to reduce the fetal dose.