• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.2-17
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• 1999

Interpolated second order polynomials(ISOP's) are proposed to design efficient cascaded integrator-comb(CIC)-based decimation filters for a programmable downconverter. It is shown that some simple ISOP's can effectively reduce the passband droop caused by CIC filtering with little degradation in aliasing attenuation. In addition, ISOP's are shown to be useful for simplifying halfband filters that usually follow CIC filtering. As a result, a modified half band filter(MHBF) is introduced which is simpler than conventional halfband filters. The proposed decimation filter for a programmable downconverter is a cascade of a CIC filter, an ISOP, MHBF's and a programmable finite impulse response(FIR) filter. A procedure for designing the decimation filter is developed. In particular, an optimization technique that simultaneously designs the decimation filter is developed. In particular, an optimization technique that simultaneously designs the ISOP and programmable FIR filters is presented. Design examples demonstrate that the proposed method leads to more efficient programmable downconverters than existing ones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.134-134
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• 1999

스퍼터링 소스는 전자기 박막 등 기능성 박막을 비롯하여 결질피막, 장식성 피막등의 제조에 이용되는 것으로 각종 증발원 중에서 가장 널리 사용되는 증발원이다. 70년대 이후 스퍼터링 소스는 마그네트론 스퍼터링으로 대표되는 방식이 사용되어 왔으며 지금까지도 가장 일반적인 방식이 되어 왔다. 마그네트론 스퍼터링 증발원은 증발율에서는 기술적인 향상이 이루어진 반면 이온화율의 향상은 그다지 이루어지지 않아 경질피막과 같은 화합물 피막의 특성 향상에는 한계를 드러내게 되었다. 그러다가 186년 Window 등 이 자장의 세기를 변형시킨 비평형 마그네트론 소스(Unbalanced Magnetron;UBM)를 처음 발표하여 이온화율의 향상이 가능하다는 것이 알려지면서 이에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되었다. UBM 소스는 마그네트론 스퍼터링 소스의 외부에 전자석을 설치하여 기판에 흐르는 이온의 양을 증가시킴으로써 소스와 기판사이의 거리를 증가시킬 수 있고 따라서, 복잡한 형상의 부품코팅이 가능하며 피막 특성을 향상시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 UBM 스퍼터링 소스를 설계, 제작하여 그 특성을 다양한 측면에서 조사하였다. 특히, 자작의 최적 설계를 통해 전자석의 조건을 도출하였음, Dual UBM 소스의 특성을 동시에 조사하였다. 자기장의 simulation에는 Quick field 프로그램을 이용하였고 기존의 방식과의 비교를 통해 최적의 조건을 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 inner pole의 크기를 30mm, outer pole의 크기를 26mm로 고정하여 설계하였고, 외부에 전자석이 설치된 UBM 소스를 제작하였다. 본 UBM 소스는 4" 타겟을 사용할 수 있으며 전자석의 조건을 10A까지 변화시켜 자기장의 세기를 변화시킬 수 있게 하였다. 제작된 소스의 동작조건 설정과 최적화를 위한 스퍼터링 장치를 함께 제작하여 UBM 소스의 최적 동작 조건을 도출하였다. 전자석의 전류가 4.5A일 때 Inner Pole과 Outer Pole의 자기장의 세기가 도일함을 알 수 있었다. 기판과 타겟의 거리가 200mm일 경우에 기판에 흐르는 전류밀도는 2mA/cm2이상이 됨을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 기존의 마그네트론 소스가 기판과 타겟사이의 거리가 100mm일 때 1mA/cm2 정도가 되는 것과 비교하면 이온화율이 획기적으로 향상된 것임을 알 수 있다.수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1371-1378
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• 2009

We propose a low-power eFuse one-time programmable (OTP) memory cell based on a logic process. The eFuse OTP memory cell uses separate transistors optimized at program and read mode, and reduces an operation current at read mode by reducing parasitic capacitances existing at both WL and BL. Asynchronous interface, separate I/O, BL SA circuit of digital sensing method are used for a low-power and small-area eFuse OTP memory IP. It is shown by a computer simulation that operation currents at a logic power supply voltage of VDD and at I/O interface power supply voltage of VIO are 349.5${\mu}$A and 3.3${\mu}$A, respectively. The layout size of the designed eFuse OTP memory IP with Dongbu HiTek's 0.18${\mu}$m generic process is 300 ${\times}$557${\mu}m^2$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2014

Recently, due to advances in both imaging technology and ICT, various types of image processing services became available and the application services of these two technologies are diversifying. Recognition of vehicle license plates is used in places where vehicle information is needed such as in parking management. However, existing systems have economic disadvantages like issuing parking tickets and attaching unnecessary equipment. In order to solve these problems, we designed and implemented automatic parking management system through recognition of vehicle license plates by using emguCV that is based on OpenCV. Additionally, we designed improved UI to handle the entire parking management situation which include information such as details of each parking vehicle, parking time and remaining parking spaces without screen movement. This improved UI is implemented with the use of WPF which is the latest technology in user program development. The emguCV used in this paper showed the most optimized performance in Intel based environment. With it, we obtained the result of within 0.5 seconds of recognition processing time and over 90% of recognition rate. Through improved UI, the manager could both simply and intuitively manage the entire system.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.778-783
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• 2018

With the rapid advancement of information and communication technology and industrial technologies, a hyper-connected society is being realized to connect human beings, all programs and things via the Internet. IoT (Internet of Thing), which connects a thing and another thing, and things and human beings, gathers information to realize the hyper-connected society. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a push-technology-based light message transmission protocol that was developed to be optimized to the limited communication environment such as IoT. In pursuing the hyper-connected society, IoT's sensor environment information is now being used as a wide range of information on people's diseases and health management. Thus, security problems of such MQTT include not only the leak of environmental information but also the personal information infringement. To resolve such MQTT security problems, we have designed a new security MQTT communication by applying the initial-value sensitivity and pseudorandomness of the chaotic system to the integrity and confidentiality. The encryption method using our proposed chaotic system offers a simple structure and a small amount of calculation, and it is deemed to be suitable to the limited communication environment such as IoT.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.459-464
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to design a toilet lifting seat to prevent falls accidents in the elderly while using the toilet. Prior to design, laws and national standards related to restroom use were investigated and the available space for the assistive devices to be installed was determined. In additions, considering the body size and operating range of the elderly, the optimal final position of the toilet seat is set so that users can use it more safely and conveniently without external help. Moreover, in order to provide an effective standing assistance function, a complex 4-bar link structure was applied to enable simultaneous seat elevation and angle adjustment when operating the device, and the appropriate link shape and dimensions were determined using a linkage program and UG NX. FEA analysis using ANSYS Workbench is performed to ensure the robustness of the stretched linkage and the feasibility of the lifting seat is verified through fabrication.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.569-579
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• 2016

In order to ensure the stability of tunnel portal slope, reinforcement method such as anchors, soil nails and rock bolts have been used in Korea. When selecting slope reinforcement methods in tunnel portal area such as reinforcement arrangement and length, trial and error method can be very time-consuming and it was also not easy to verify the selection of an optimum condition. In this study, using the FISH language embedded in the finite difference code FLAC3D program, the optimization technique was developed with the Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA). After building a database on the soil nailing method in tunnel portal area, this system can be selected to an optimum arrangement plan based on the factor of safety through the FLAC3D analysis. Through the results of numerical analysis, it was confirmed that the number of analysis was decreased by about 8 times when DEA based optimization technique was used compared to the full combination (FC). In case of the design of slope reinforcement in tunnel portal area, if this built-system is used, it is expected that the selection of an optimum arrangement plan can be relatively easier.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

Process analysis with ASM3 (Activated Sludge Model3) was performed to offer basic data for the optimization of aerated biofilter (ABF) process design and operation. This study was focused on the simulation of the nitrification reaction in ABF which was a part of the advanced nutrient treatment process using bio-adsorption. The ABF process has been developed for the removal of suspended solids and nitrification reaction in sewage. A GPS-X (General Purpose Simualtor-X) was used for the sensitivity analysis and operation assessment. Sensitivity of ASM3 parameters on ABF was analysed and 4 major parameters ($Y_A$, $k_{sto}$, ${\mu}_A$, $K_{A,HN}$) were determined by dynamic simulation using 70 days data from pilot plant operation. The optimized values were 0.14 for $Y_A$, 3.5/d for $k_{sto}$, 2.7/d for ${\mu}_A$ and 1.1 mg/L for $K_{A,HN}$, respectively. Simulation with optimized parameter values were conducted and TN, $NH_4{^+}-N$ and $NO_3{^-}-N$ concentrations were estimated and compared with measured data at the range of 10 min to 4 hrs of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The simulated results showed that optimized parameter values could represent the characteristics of ABF process. Especially, the ABF showed relatively high nitrification rate (60%) under very short HRT of 10 min. As a consequence, the ABF was thought to be successfully used in the site which having high variation of influent loading rate.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2012

Crashworthy fuel cells have been widely implemented to rotorcraft and rendered a great contribution for improving the survivability of crews and passengers. Since the embryonic stage of military rotorcraft history began, the US army has developed and practised a detailed military specification documenting the unique crashworthiness requirements for rotorcraft fuel cells to prevent most fatality due to post-crash fire. Foreign manufacturers have followed their long term experience to develop their fuel cells, and have reflected the results of crash impact tests on the trial-and-error based design and manufacturing procedures. Since the crash impact test itself takes a long-term preparation efforts together with costly fuel cell specimens, a series of numerical simulations of the crash impact test with digital mock-ups is necessary even at the early design stage to minimize the possibility of trial-and-error with full-scale fuel cells. In the present study a number of numerical simulations on fuel cell crash impact tests are performed with a crash simulation software, Autodyn. The resulting equivalent stresses are further analysed to evaluate a number of appropriate design parameters and the artificial neural network and simulated annealing method are simultaneously implemented to optimize the crashworthy performance of fuel cells.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2020

Nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Korea are required to be maintained using a defense in-depth approach to prevent leakage of radioactive substances outside the plant and allow safe shutdown in the event of a fire. Periodic testing must be conducted to ensure that the fire protection facilities perform as required by the laws for various nuclear reactor types. In June 2017, for the first time in Korea, a nuclear plant, Kori Unit 1, was permanently shut down. It was prepared for decommissioning in accordance with the fire protection regulations imposed by the regulatory body. However, a standard protocol is necessary for systematically establishing the fire protection program for decommissioning of NPPs in the future. Therefore, the nuclear legal systems of countries with many operating nuclear power plants, such as the United States, Japan, Canada, and various European countries, were reviewed and guidelines for establishing a fire protection program for decommissioning NPPs was suggested; the fire protection requirements stated by Reg Guide 1.191 (Decommissioning fire protection program for NPPs during decommissioning and permanent shutdown) were used as a model. Suggestions for establishing legal regulations to optimize fire protection programs and secure basic technology for decommissioning NPPs were also made.